CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Hongfa Duan,Xiaochi Liu,Lulu Bian,Zhongyi Li,Ning Li,Muhammad Umair Sial,Zhe Sun,Haiqiang Gao,Beixing Li,Daxia Zhang,Feng Liu
The preparation of pesticide-loaded microcapsules using biodegradable polymers and the balance between their sustained-release performance and small-size effects represent an effective strategy to enhance pesticide utilization efficiency. This study devised a one-step sol-gel self-assembly approach to fabricate abamectin-loaded microcapsules using biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as raw materials. The results demonstrated that the reaction through hydrogen bonding by PVA and BHT at the o/w interface could generate shells and encapsulate pesticides to make microcapsules. Increasing PVA usage could reduce the particle size and enhance shell stability. The addition of BHT also improved the shell structure stability and encapsulation efficiency, whereas 3 %–7 % concentrations impeded the formation of the shell structure. Abamectin, which has a self-polymerizing ability, also increases microcapsule stability. A 54 °C temperature increase was maintained for 24 h to induce emulsion separation. Subsequent cooling and agitation prompts the reconstitution of pesticide-loaded microcapsules. The synergistic effect of the water-responsive mechanism, high encapsulation efficiency, and thicker shells endows nano-formulations with superior sustained-release performance compared to micro-scale formulations. The photostability of abamectin nanocapsules is significantly enhanced by 68.26 % compared to conventional suspensions, and the content of active ingredients remains at 50.54 % after 60 h of release under light conditions. Owing to their nanoscale sustained-release characteristics, their biological safety is improved by 36.43 %. The encapsulated Aba@BHT-PVA nano-system, leveraging excellent rainwater erosion resistance and leaf surface affinity, significantly prolongs its leaf retention time. Synergizing with the small-size effect, it demonstrates substantial enhancement in both the control efficacy and persistence against Plutella xylostella . Owing to its unique properties and easy regulation, this fabrication technique has great application value in the future.
研究领域:
农药化学
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纳米材料
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药物递送系统
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Applied Materials Today
·
2025
·
IF 6.9
Zhenyu Li,Lingling Zhang,Yafei Chen,Xueyong Zheng,Chunli Jiang,Chunhua Luo,Hechun Lin,Hui Peng
The limitations of von Neumann architectures in computational speed and energy efficiency have driven the development of neuromorphic computing systems, where optoelectronic synaptic devices play a pivotal role in enabling brain-inspired information processing. This study presents an optoelectronic synaptic device based on a two-dimensional conductive metal-organic framework material Cu-BHT which exhibits broad visible-light absorption (300 - 600 nm), high photoconductivity, and solution processability. The fabricated device with a planar structure of Ag/Cu-BHT/Ag successfully simulates the key biological synaptic functionalities, including excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), and short-to-long-term memory transitions. The device achieves a high accuracy of 96.3% in MNIST handwritten digit recognition using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Furthermore, multi-wavelength response of the device enables optical logic operations (AND/OR) and associative learning paradigms, such as Pavlovian conditioning experiment. This work underscores Cu-BHT as a versatile material for neuromorphic computing and artificial visual systems, with future research exploring scalable fabrication and hybrid integration to realize adaptive vision platforms with enhanced energy efficiency.
研究领域:
神经形态工程
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光电子学
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材料科学
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人工智能
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神经网络
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION
·
2024
·
IF 2.9
Shuang Hu,Zhuang Fu,Jiawen Zhang,Yihua Qian,Hongmei Wang
The combination of phenolic and amine additives represents a traditional approach for the co-formulation of antioxidant compounds in insulating oils. However, the introduction of amines not only induces significant alterations in the inherent characteristics of the oil but also gives rise to aging by-products that are environmentally detrimental. This study examines the aging behavior of three commonly employed phenolic antioxidants, namely BHT, BHA, and TBHQ, when added individually or in combination to synthetic ester insulating oil. The investigation reveals that the co-formulation of phenolic antioxidants demonstrates exceptional antioxidant efficacy within synthetic ester insulating oil. Through the oxidative stability test, it is observed that incorporating a combination of 0.3 wt% BHT and 0.1 wt% BHA into the oil maintains the dielectric dissipation factor at 0.681%, representing a mere 0.202% increase compared to fresh oil. Furthermore, the total acid number can be sustained at 0.01 mg KOH/g, and the breakdown voltage can be up to 78 kV. This study employs linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to analyze the behavior of antioxidants and the degradation products of aged oil samples. A preliminary investigation into the synergistic antioxidant mechanism of phenolic antioxidants in synthetic ester insulating oil is conducted, to provide a novel approach for the formulation of antioxidant compounds.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
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IF 10.3
Xiaomeng Ji,Jiale Liu,Jiefeng Liang,Xiaoxia Feng,Xiaoyun Liu,Yingjun Wang,Xiangfeng Chen,Guangbo Qu,Bing Yan,Runzeng Liu
Synthetic antioxidants (AOs) are commonly used in everyday items and industrial products to inhibit oxidative deterioration. However, the presence of AOs in food packaging and packaged foods has not been thoroughly documented. Moreover, studies on human exposure to AOs through skin contact with packaging or ingesting packaged foods are limited. In this study, we analyzed twenty-three AOs—including synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) and organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs)—along with six transformation products in various food samples and their packaging materials. We found AOs in food products at concentrations ranging from 1.30 × 10 3 to 1.77 × 10 5 ng/g, which exceeded the levels in both outer packaging (6.05 × 10 2 –3.07 × 10 4 ng/g) and inner packaging (2.27 × 10 2 –1.09 × 10 5 ng/g). The most common AOs detected in foodstuffs were tris(2,4-di- tert -butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168O), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and octadecyl-3-(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (AO1076), together constituting 95.7 % of the total AOs found. Our preliminary exposure assessment revealed that dietary exposure—estimated at a median of 2.55 × 10 4 ng/kg body weight/day for children and 1.24 × 10 4 ng/kg body weight/day for adults—is a more significant exposure route than dermal contact with packaging. Notably, four AOs were identified in food for the first time, with BHT making up 76.8 % and 67.6 % of the total BHT intake for children and adults, respectively. These findings suggest that food consumption is a significant source of BHT exposure. The estimated daily intakes of AOs via consumption of foodstuffs were compared with the recommended acceptable daily intake to assess the risks. This systematic investigation into AOs contributes to understanding potential exposure and health risks associated with AOs in packaged foods. It emphasizes the need for further evaluation of human exposure to these substances.
研究领域:
食品安全
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环境科学
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毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.4
Yin Yang,Kaize Ju,Junqiao Zhou,Qun Sun,Shiwei Jin,Shenghua Zhang,Laiyan Wu
BHT and its metabolites (BHT-OH, BHT-COOH) form stable complexes with pepsin via static quenching. • Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces are the primary driving forces for BHT derivatives-pepsin binding. • BHT derivatives induce conformational changes in pepsin and inhibit its activity in a dose-dependent manner. • Functional groups differentially regulate binding affinity and inhibitory potency: hydrophilic groups (-OH, -COOH) enhance binding affinity but reduce inhibitory potency, whereas hydrophobic groups (-CH₃, tert-butyl) weaken binding affinity but strengthen inhibitory potency. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant extensively used in food. Given the increasing biosafety concerns regarding BHT and its metabolites (BHT-OH and BHT-COOH), their interactions with pepsin were systematically investigated using multispectral techniques, molecular docking, and simulation methods. Fluorescence analysis indicated static quenching and stable complex formation, with binding affinities following the order BHT-OH > BHT-COOH > BHT. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces dominated the interactions, and the carboxyl group of BHT-COOH contributed additional hydrogen bonds. Binding induced conformational changes in pepsin, altered the microenvironment of tryptophan residues, and resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of enzymatic activity. Meanwhile, the binding also significantly reduced the radical scavenging and reducing capacity of BHT and its metabolites. These findings highlight the critical role of functional group substitution in modulating gastrointestinal interactions and potential health risks of these compounds.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
·
2017
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IF 4.396
Wei Yu,Wei Yang,Ruliang Liu,Lei Qin,Yu Lei,Liang Liu,Dengyun Zhai,Baohua Li,Feiyu Kang
In this study, a phenolic antioxidant of 2,6-di- tert -butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT) is applied in Li-O 2 batteries to simultaneously improve discharge capacity and reduce charge overpotential. BHT exhibits a redox couple at ~ 3.0 V (vs. Li + /Li), which is extremely close to the thermodynamic potential of a Li-O 2 battery (2.96 V). The unique chemical and electrochemical behaviors of BHT contribute to the improvement on both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction performances. These factors lead to the notable enhancement of discharge capacity (capacity increases by 72%) and the reduction of charge plateau (the plateau is 3.2 V and 4.2 V, respectively, with and without BHT) for Li-O 2 batteries. Furthermore, in-situ X-ray diffraction results confirm that the BHT-mediated formation and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 , rather than parasitic reactions, dominate the discharge and charge processes. The results provide a new approach for exploiting appropriate soluble mediators for rechargeable Li-O 2 batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
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2013
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IF 4.387
Xiaoyun Lin,Yongnian Ni,Serge Kokot
Electrochemical behavior of three antioxidants: butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ), was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/GCE). This electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results indicated that the modified electrode was strongly electroactive during the redox reactions of BHA, BHT and TBHQ, and this was confirmed by the observed increased redox peak currents and shifted potentials; in addition, the oxidation products of BHA and TBHQ were found to be the same. The experimental conditions were optimized and the oxidation peaks of BHA and BHT were clearly separated. Based on this, an electrochemical method was researched and developed for the simultaneous determination of BHA, BHT and TBHQ in mixtures with the use of first derivative voltammetry; the linear concentration ranges were 0.10–1.50 μg mL −1 , 0.20–2.20 μg mL −1 and 0.20–2.80 μg mL −1 , and detection limits were 0.039, 0.080 and 0.079 μg mL −1 , for BHA, BHT and TBHQ, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of the three analytes in edible oil samples.
研究领域:
分析化学
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食品科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2023
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IF 13.6
Cheng Zhang,Qinghai Zhang,Ming Luo,Qiuping Wang,Xiaomao Wu
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), as an emerging contaminant in ecosystems, has potential influences on animals, aquatic organisms, and public health, and has been proven to be a major allelochemical of Pinellia ternata . In this study, Bacillus cereus WL08 was used to rapidly degrade BHT in liquid culture. Strain WL08 immobilized on tobacco stem charcoal (TSC) particles notably accelerated BHT removal in contract to its free cells, and exhibited excellent reutilization and storage capacities. The optimal removal parameters of TSC WL08 were ascertained to be pH 7.0, 30 °C, 50 mg L −1 BHT and 0.14 mg L −1 TSC WL08. Moreover, TSC WL08 significantly accelerated the degradation of 50 mg L −1 BHT in sterile and non-sterile soils compared to that of free WL08 or natural dissipation, and notably shortened their half-lives by 2.47- or 362.14- fold, and 2.20- or 14.99- fold, respectively. Simultaneously, TSC WL08 was introduced into the continuous cropping soils of P. ternata , which accelerated the elimination of allelochemical BHT, and notably enhanced the photosynthesis, growth, yield, and quality of P. ternata . This study provides new insights and strategies for the rapid in situ remediation of BHT-polluted soils and effective alleviation of P. ternata cropping obstacles.
研究领域:
环境科学
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植物学
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 4
·
IF 6
Congli Mei,Shuai Lu,Xiaolin Zhou,Fanzhen Meng,Hui Jiang
The chemical composition of vegetable cooking oils is a key parameter in determining the quality of their products. Antioxidants are widely used in these products to extend their shelf life. In this study, the concentration of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in edible oil was quantitatively determined by Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Initially, Raman spectra of edible oil samples with varying concentrations of BHT were obtained. Subsequently, three variable selection methods were applied to the pre-processed spectra. Optimised characteristic wavelengths were then used to establish a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network and partial least squares (PLS) models. The impact of variable selection on feature wavelengths was evaluated for both models in both independent and combined cases. The results demonstrate that the features identified through multiple variable selection methods correlate highly with the BHT content and can be utilised to develop high-precision detection models. The findings indicate that the PLS model, optimised using competitive adaptive reweighting (CARS), achieved the best prediction performance, with an averageRP2of 0.9687, and RMSEP of 3.1211. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for the rapid screening of BHT in edible oils. While the current study focuses on a broad concentration range to validate the method’s linearity, further optimisation is required for trace-level detection to meet strict regulatory limits.
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
·
2023
·
IF 3.4
Chunwang Fu,Fan Jiang,Kun Gao,Xiaobai Xue,Shuo Lei,Chunting Liu,Huan Yu,Hui Wang,Xiaoqian Dong,Jian Jiao,Guojie Liu,Qiang Yang
Although the secondary packing materials do not directly contact the finished drug products, compound migration may still happen between them. To ensure drug quality and safety, extractables and leachables of the packing materials should be analyzed. In this study, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was first found in the labels for pharmaceutical packaging. For the identification of the compound, a strategy combining high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was utilized. Afterwards, a effective and sensitive HPLC method for quantification of BHT was developed and validated. Finally, a toxicological risk assessment of BHT was performed to ensure the safety of drugs.
研究领域:
药学
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分析化学
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毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
·
2026
·
IF 2.4
Ning Zhang,Huihui Zhang,Fengqin Tu,Xinghe Zhang,Jiaojiao Yin,Pan Gao
Beef tallow is valued in the food industry for its unique flavor but remains susceptible to oxidative deterioration during storage and processing, leading to rancidity and quality loss. This study evaluated the effects of four antioxidants (propyl gallate, PG; tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ; butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT; and vitamin E, VE) within regulatory limits on beef tallow during 15 days of oven-accelerated oxidation. A multi-index assessment (oxidation indices, antioxidant capacity, tocopherol retention) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was used. The antioxidants did not alter the fatty acid composition. PCA ranked TBHQ first in overall performance, followed closely by PG. At 0.1 g/kg, PG limited the acid value to 1.49 mg/g and the p-anisidine value to 1.97 after 15 days, although TBHQ at 0.2 g/kg showed a slightly lower acid value (1.28 mg/g). Notably, PG retained 16.06 mg/kg of endogenous tocopherols after 3 days of oxidation, whereas tocopherols were undetectable in TBHQ-treated groups. The FRAP value of the PG group reached 511.95 μmol TE/100 g. Although TBHQ showed strong efficacy, its use has attracted increasing regulatory scrutiny and consumer concern in some regions. PG offers a favorable safety profile while providing comparable protection in several indices, delaying early tocopherol depletion under accelerated oxidation and exhibiting superior FRAP values. Therefore, PG at 0.1 g/kg can serve as a favorable alternative to TBHQ in beef tallow systems.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2023
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IF 3.6
Jianyu Dong,Shaofeng Wu,Furong Geng,Yani Yan,Long Liu,Yongbo Zhou
A metal-free and selective oxidative methyl C–H functionalization of BHT with aniline compounds has been developed. This innovative method enables the facile and efficient synthesis of a diverse array of BHT-functionalized N-containing skeletons, including arylamines, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, benzimidazoles, quinazolines, and quinazolinones, all of which are challenging to access. The control experiment involving TEMP18O suggests that the radical adduct of TEMPO with the benzyl radical of BHT may serve as an intermediate.
研究领域:
有机化学
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合成化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）