PAH4 (sum of benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[b]fluoranthene) has been proposed as better marker than benzo[a]pyrene to assess total PAHs exposure in foodstuffs. However, the toxicological behaviors of PAH4 combined exposure remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate PAH4 toxicity effects with non-targeted metabolomics approach and evaluate the external and internal dose-response relationships based on benchmark dose (BMD) analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by gavage with vehicle (corn oil) or four doses of PAH4 (10, 50, 250, 1000 μg/kg·bw) for consecutive 30 days. After the final dose, the liver, blood and urine samples of rats were subsequently collected for testing. The concentrations of urinary mono-hydroxylated PAHs metabolites (OH-PAHs) including 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHB[a]P), 3-hydroxychrysene (3-OHCHR) and 3-hydroxybenz[a]anthracene (3-OHB[a]A) were determined to reflect internal PAH4 exposure. Our results showed PAH4 exposure increased relative liver weight and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and caused hepatocyte swelling and degeneration, implying hepatotoxicity induced by PAH4. Serum metabolomics suggested PAH4 exposure perturbed lipid metabolism through upregulating the expression of glycerolipids metabolites, which was evidenced by markedly increased serum triglyceride (TG) level and hepatic TG content. Additionally, urinary OH-PAHs concentrations presented strong positive correlations with the external dose, indicating they were able to reflect PAH4 exposure. Furthermore, PAH4 exposure led to a dose-response increase of hepatic TG content, based on which the 95% lower confidence value of BMDs for external and internal doses were estimated as 5.45 μg/kg·bw and 0.11 μmol/mol·Cr, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggested PAH4 exposure could induce hepatotoxicity and lipid metabolism disorder, evaluating the involved dose-response relationships and providing a basis for the risk assessment of PAHs.
Qian Liu,Zhen Liu,Chen-Chen Wang,Xin Gao,Chuan-Bao Li,Meng Wang,Qiang Wang,Jian-Ping Cai
Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease that seriously affects the quality of life and survival rate of the elderly. The detection of bone biomarkers will provide supplementary information on bone mineral density, contributing to the accurate diagnosis of osteoporosis and better health care for prevention. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of oxidative stress markers—8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGsn) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGsn) in the assessment of osteoporosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study among menopausal women with a mean (standard deviation) age of 62.967 (7.798) years old (n = 151). Participants were recruited for the bone mineral density (BMD) assessment, blood and urinary samples. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanine concentrations were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The urinary 8-oxoGsn/Cre value differed significantly between normal and osteoporotic participants (p < 0.001), while the 8-oxodGsn/Cre value did not (p = 0.720). Even after adjusting for the age and body mass index, the BMD was still associated with urinary 8-oxoGsn/Cre value. ROC analysis showed that 8-oxoGsn has a strong diagnostic value for osteoporosis (AUC = 0.744). The results show for the first time that 8-oxoGsn may be a biomarker for the future diagnosis of osteoporosis in women.
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