Due to the occurrence of bacterial resistance, there is a significant need to develop alternative antimicrobials to conventional antibiotics. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognized as a promising antibacterial strategy with a low likelihood of generating bacterial resistance. In this work, a maltoheptaose-decorated boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) photosensitizer (BODIPY-Mal-I) was synthesized via a copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, followed by diiodo substitution at the 2,6-positions of the BODIPY core. The as-obtained BODIPY-Mal-I, consisting of a hydrophobic 2,6-diiodo-tetramethyl BODIPY unit and a hydrophilic maltoheptaose segment, can self-assemble and form microaggregates in aqueous medium. Under light illumination, BODIPY-Mal-I in water could generate singlet oxygen rapidly. The generated singlet oxygen could kill the planktonic cells of Gram-positive bacteria efficiently. BODIPY-Mal-I could also eradicate early-stage biofilms of Gram-positive bacteria in the presence of light illumination. In addition, BODIPY-Mal-I exhibits low cytotoxicity to zebrafish embryo without light illumination.
A novel BODIPY photosensitizer BSP-FA with multiple reaction sites was synthesized by modifying the BODIPY parent with ferulic acid. The fluorescence emission spectra and UV–vis absorption spectra demonstrate that BSP-FA exhibits typical BODIPY characteristics. The conformation of BSP-FA leads to a restricted electronic coupling between BODIPY and FA , which induces a bright fluorescence emission. BSP-FA was applied as a fluorescent probe for the in vitro quantification of a range of concentrations of Cys and GSH. The detailed luminescence mechanism of BSP-FA was investigated using time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption experiments and the existence of triplet state was demonstrated. BSP-FA is a promising candidate for photosensitizer due to its singlet oxygen generation and T 1 generation capacity. BSP-FA has promising applications as a detection probe and photosensitizer in several fields.
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