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Flexible all-inorganic BiFeO3-based film with high piezoelectric coefficient for energy harvesting and sensing

Li Chenglong,Si Jingxiang,Yuan Xiufang,Wang Wenxuan,Wang Guoguo,Lin Xiujuan,Huang Shifeng,Yang Changhong

With the development of new sensor technology, flexible piezoelectric materials possessing exceptional mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion capabilities hold great promise for application in a variety of sectors, including biomedicine, flexible robotics, and wearable electronic devices. This work reports the successful growth of an all-inorganic transparent Bi(Fe 0.95 Mn 0.05 )O 3 (BFOMn) film on the Mica substrate using a straightforward one-step sol–gel method. The prepared BFOMn thin film enables the optimum electrical properties with a saturated polarization of ~ 92 μC/cm 2 , a remanent polarization of ~ 74 μC/cm 2 , and a high piezoelectric constant d 33  of ~ 405 pm/V. Concurrently, the film exhibits exceptional adaptability without compromising its electrical performance, as evidenced by its capacity to undergo a tight curve with a radius of just 2 mm. Utilizing this BFOMn film, the fabricated flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) has exceptional energy collecting capabilities, producing an output voltage of 15 V, a short current of 130 nA, and a notable force sensitivity of 4 V·N −1 before poling. It can also be employed to monitor human actions, such as hand hammering, hand clapping, and foot stepping. This work demonstrates the potential of the BiFeO 3 -based FPEH/sensor in the field of new intelligent electronics.