In order to determine a particular tumor cell via nanomaterials, we introduce the preparation of CD20 and CD5 coupled nanoprobes (denoted as CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes for convenience) and an application in identification of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) from B-cell lymphoma. In this work, CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes were prepared by selectively oxidizing the carbon-carbon double bonds of oleate ligands on the surfaces of NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ and NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles and, respectively, coupling carboxyl groups on the particles’ surfaces with CD20 and CD5 monoclonal antibodies through EDC/NHS crosslinking agents. After in situ hybridized Jeko-1 cells and Raji cells as a reference with CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes, in vitro double-color upconversion fluorescence imaging of Jeko-1 cells was demonstrated through visualization of blue and green fluorescence under a 980 nm laser excitation. Moreover, in vivo upconversion fluorescence imaging of the transplanted cancer model was also measured. These experimental results indicate that Jeko-1 cells have been specifically labeled by CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes. It is therefore concluded that CD20 and CD5 nanoprobes could be used to specially differentiate mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) from B-cell lymphoma.
Meng-Yao Chao,Jing Chen,Xiao-Yu Wu,Rui-Yao Wang,Pei-Pei Wang,Lifeng Ding,David J. Young,Wen-Hua Zhang
Graphical Flexible friend : A metal–organic framework sustained by a Cd 5 cluster shows flexible behavior and coordination preference toward electron-deficient rather than electron-rich pyridyl ligands. Density functional theory calculations offer binding energies of the electron-deficient 4-pyridinealdehyde (1.09 eV) and 4-acetylpyridine (1.36 eV) to the flanking Cd centers, and are larger than those of the electron-rich ligands, such as 4-iodopyridine (0.32 eV) and 4,4′-bipyridine (0.61 eV). A cationic three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF) sustained by an N , N ′-diethylformamide (DEF)-solvated zigzag-shaped Cd 5 cluster secondary building unit (SBU), [Et 2 NH 2 ] 2 [Cd 5 (BTB) 4 (DEF) 2 ] ⋅ 4.75DEF ( 1 a , H 3 BTB=benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoic acid) shows flexible framework behavior and undergoes solvate exchange with CHCl 3 to yield [Et 2 NH 2 ] 2 [Cd 5 (BTB) 4 (DEF) 2 ] ⋅ x CHCl 3 ( 1 b ) accompanied by changes to pore sizes and shapes. Unexpectedly, the DEF solvates coordinated to the central Cd 2+ could not be replaced by strongly donor pyridyl and dipyridyl ligands. Additionally, more electron-deficient pyridyls preferentially coordinated to the flanking Cd 2+ of the Cd 5 SBU, as exemplified by [Et 2 NH 2 ] 2 [Cd 5 (BTB) 4 (DEF) 2 (PyCHO) 2 ] ⋅ x Sol ( 2 a , PyCHO=4-pyridinealdehyde) and [Et 2 NH 2 ] 2 [Cd 5 (BTB) 4 (DEF) 2 (PyAc) 2 ] ⋅ x Sol ( 2 b , PyAc=4-acetylpyridine). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to understand these counterintuitive observations.
Upconversion nanoparticles are a new type of fluorescent marker in biomedical imaging that can convert a longer wavelength (such as near-infrared fluorescence) into a shorter wavelength (such as visible light). Mantle cell lymphoma, which is derived from B-cell lymphoma, is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the immune phenotype is a mature B-cell phenotype (CD20+, CD5+). To develop the use of nanomaterials as specific markers for the medical imaging of mantle cell lymphoma, we modified the surface of UCNPs by oxidation so that the CD20 or CD5 antibody could covalently attach to the upconversion nanoparticles to form antibody-UCNP conjugates. These antibody-UCNP conjugates were used as fluorescent probes to detect the CD20 or CD5 antigen. Due to the excessive expression of these antigens on the surface of MCL cells and successful strong connection between the antibody and UCNPs, the latter could specifically combine with mantle cell lymphoma cells. Upon near-infrared excitation at 980 nm, cells labelled with UCNPs emitted bright upconversion fluorescence.
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