Coatings
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·464
·
IF 3.236
Wei Wang,Liping Shi,Chengcheng Wu,Qi Pan,Hua Fang,Jianwei Jiang,Xueyong Guo
In order to reduce the mechanical sensitivity of ε-CL-20, wax and fluororubber polymers were used as coating materials and desensitizers to coat ε-CL-20 by the water suspension method. Through molecular dynamics calculations, fluorine rubber F2311, which had a good combination with ε-CL-20, was selected as the coating material and then ε-CL-20-based composite particles with double-layer structure were prepared. The contact angles of water, glycerin and diiodomethane as the testing liquids on the surface of F2311and wax were measured by a contact angle measuring instrument, and the thermodynamic parameters of ε-CL-20/F2311and the ε-CL-20/wax interface were calculated. ε-CL-20 before and after coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the mechanical sensitivity analytical method. The results showed that F2311/wax had uniformly passivated on the surface of ε-CL-20, forming a dense and uniform protective film, and the CL-20 crystal form did not change after coating. The double-layer composite structure effectively reduces the sensitivity of ε-CL-20 and improves the thermal stability of ε-CL-20.Keywords:ε-CL-20;F2311/wax;mechanical sensitivity
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2023
·Vol. 48
·期 7
·e202200317
·
IF 1.8
Jian Guan,Huan Peng,Yulan Song,Bo Jin,Rufang Peng
The thermal decomposition of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane CL-20/HMX-ammonium formate functionalized graphene oxide (Am-GO) composites was studied using an isothermal decomposition dynamics research instrument to explore the effects of Am-GO on the stability of CL-20/HMX co-crystal. The gas pressure-time curve generated by thermal decomposition reaches the decomposition inflection point at a decomposition degree of 85 %. Compared with CL-20/HMX co-crystal, the decomposition extent corresponding to the inflection point of the thermal decomposition curve of the composites increases. The activation energies of the composites before and after the inflection point of the pressure-time curve were 161.3 kJ/mol and 171.0 kJ/mol, respectively. The residual substances produced by the thermal decomposition of the composites were characterized by HPLC and FTIR. Results showed that CL-20 and HMX were decomposed before the inflection point of the decomposition pressure-time curve. However, the decomposition of CL-20 was completed before the inflection point, whereas that of HMX ran through the thermal decomposition process. The calculation results of thermal decomposition kinetics show that the addition of coating material increases the activation energy of co-crystal and stabilizes CL-20/HMX co-crystal.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2018
·
IF 0
Teng Chen,Yan Zhang,Shuang-feng Guo,Liu-ming Zhao,Wei Chen,Ga-zi Hao,Lei Xiao,Xiang Ke,Wei Jiang
A sol-gel freezing-drying method was utilized to prepare energetic nanocomposites based on 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) with 3, 3-Bis (azidomethyl) oxetane-tetrahydrofuran copolymer (BAMO-THF) as energetic gel matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential thermal analyser (DTA) were utilized to characterize the structure and property of the resultant energetic nanocomposites. Compared with raw CL-20, the average particle sizes of CL-20 in CL-20/BAMO-THF energetic nanocomposites were decreased to nano scale and the morphologies of CL-20 were also changed from prismatic to spherical. FT-IR detection revealed that CL-20 particles were recrystallized in BAMO-THF gel matrix during the freezing-drying process. The thermal decomposition behaviors of the energetic nanocomposites were investigated as well. The thermolysis process of CL-20/BAMO-THF nanocomposites was enhanced and the activation energy was lower compared with that of raw CL-20, indicating that CL-20/BAMO-THF nanocomposites showed high thermolysis activity. The impact sensitivity tests indicated that CL-20/BAMO-THF energetic nanocomposites presented low sensitivity performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
ACS Omega
·
2022
·
IF 4.132
Jian Yao,Bin Li,Lifeng Xie
Micrometer-sized spherical composites based on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) with fluororubber (F2604), dioctyl sebacate (DOS), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) were prepared by an electrospray method. After preparation, the morphology, chemical bonds, thermal decomposition properties, mechanical sensitivity, and explosion performance were characterized. The main explosive CL-20 transformed from ε-CL-20 to β-CL-20 after electrospray preparation. With an insensitive additive mass ratio of 5 wt %, the CL-20/F2604 composite had the highest maximum peak exothermic temperature and the lowest mechanical sensitivity. The explosion pressures of the composites with the same mass ratio of additives decreased in the order CL-20/F2604 > CL-20/PVB > CL-20/DOS and were lower than that of raw CL-20.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2023
·
IF 0
Weijun He,Yaning Li,Peng Bao,Yuanlin Fan,Mingshuai Xue,Boliang Wang
To reduce the mechanical sensitivity of CL-20, this study is based on the surface modification of CL-20, and explores the effects of two preparation processes, the water solution-suspension method and the phase separation method, on the coating process of CL-20. Based on the structural characteristics of surfactants, a formulation was devised, using 2-cyanoethyltriethoxysilane (SCA2) as the surfactant and microcrystalline wax as the desensitizer. The samples underwent comprehensive characterization employing SEM, XPS, DSC, XRD, friction sensitivity testing, and impact sensitivity testing to evaluate both their structural composition and inherent properties. The results showed that the composite particles prepared using the phase separation method displayed a compact coating layer on CL-20 surfaces. Specifically, the composite particle CL-20@SCA2/Wax-P, which contained the surfactant, exhibited a thin and dense film on its surface. The proportion of -NO 2 groups on the surface of the composite particles experienced a reduction of 13.12% compared with CL-20. The crystal form of CL-20 remained unchanged in four composite particles. The decomposition peak temperatures and activation energy of all four composite particles were decreased, resulting in reduced thermal stability. The critical friction sensitivity load for composite particles produced via the aqueous suspension method is 252N, whereas for those prepared using the phase separation method, it elevates to 360N. The characteristic drop height (H 50 ) of composite particles prepared by the phase separation method increased significantly, 34cm for CL-20/W-P composite particles and 55cm for CL-20@SCA2/W-P composite particles, compared with the raw CL-20. These results suggest that the utilization of SCA2 effectively modified the surface of CL-20, and the composite particles prepared using the phase separation method demonstrated a considerable reduction in mechanical sensitivity.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
安全工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2023
·Vol. 48
·期 4
·e202200154
·
IF 1.8
Chengcheng Zeng,Zongwei Yang,Jiahui Liu,Ling Ding,Shilong Hao,Feiyan Gong,Zhijian Yang
Low melting point compound MTNP was usually adopt to form co-crystal explosive with CL-20 to reduce sensitivity, and the co-crystal may have the potential of green engineering application. Improving mechanical properties of co-crystals explosive is one of the effective ways to broaden its practical application. In this work, CL-20/MTNP energetic co-crystal was selected to be coated by polydopamine (PDA) and neutral bonding agent (NBA), with enhanced mechanical properties and developed interfacial strength between crystal and binder. The TG-DSC curve showed that thermal decomposition of co-crystal explosives divided into two steps, and the melting point delayed to 210 °C compared with that of MTNP. After surface modification, the storage modulus of PBX was increased by more than 20 % at the temperature range of (25–120) °C, and creep strain was also effectively reduced. The Brazilian and compressive strength of PDA coating samples increased by 69.89 % and 210.53 % respectively, as well as improved elongation, leading to increased fracture toughness. Here, the highlighted modification on the surface of CL-20/MTNP co-crystal can be used as a reference insight to improve the mechanical properties of new explosives.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2020
·Vol. 45
·期 8
·1293-1299
·
IF 1.544
Xiaomin Song,Qi Huang,Bo Jin,Rufang Peng
To improve the safety of CL-20, rGO was integrated into CL-20 (CL-20/rGO) by in-situ reduction. The prepared composites were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, High-performance liquid chromatography and Power X-ray diffraction, which proves that the presence/encapsulation of rGO on CL-20 surface would not change the molecular structure, amount and crystal form of raw CL-20. In addition, the thermal stability of the composites has improved, while the mechanical sensitivity was desensitized compared to raw CL-20, suggesting this in-situ reduction could be utilized to improve the safety of CL-20.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 34
·e01982
·
IF 2
Ying Wu,Xiaolan Song,Jun Zhang,Yi Wang,Chongwei An
To prepare silica-based composite energetic materials with regular shape, good dispersion, and uniform particle size and thus improve their combustion performance and safety and better apply them in solid propellants, in this study, nSi (nanosilica powder)/NC/CL-20 composite microspheres were prepared by fluid-focused microchanneling with nitrocellulose (NC) as a binder and nSi nanopowder and CL-20 as raw materials via droplet microfluidics. Orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the optimal process parameters for preparation, ultimately resulting in the successful synthesis of composite microspheres with uniform particle size and good sphericity. Additionally, this study characterized the thermal decomposition properties and combustion performance of three types of composite microspheres (nSi/NC/CL-20, µSi (micron-sized silicon powder)/NC/CL-20, and NC/CL-20). The results showed that the activation energy of nSi/NC/CL-20 reached 530.95 kJ/mol, higher than that of µSi/CL-20/NC (211.19 kJ/mol) and CL-20/NC (210.50 kJ/mol); its 5-second burst point temperature was the highest, reaching 590.33 °C. In terms of combustion performance, nSi/NC/CL-20 exhibited significantly superior maximum pressure (1.22 MPa) and pressure rise rate (1.6 MPa/s) compared to the other two samples. These results clearly demonstrate that the addition of nanosilica powder can effectively improve the thermal stability and combustion performance of composite microspheres. Graphical In this study, droplet microfluidic technology is used to prepare nSi/NC/CL-20 composite microspheres with regular shape, good dispersibility and uniform particle size. Studies show that the addition of nano-silicon powder (nSi) can significantly improve the thermal stability and combustion performance of these composite microspheres, enabling them to be more effectively applied in the field of solid propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂化学
·
微纳加工
·
燃烧学
·
热分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2022
·Vol. 48
·期 2
·e202200192
·
IF 2.134
Qi Huang,Yulan Song,Zhicheng Guo,Jinhao Zhang,Bo Jin,Ya Guo,Rufang Peng
Interface interaction has always been considered a major challenge in the field of desensitization. Co-crystal explosives can balance the properties of energetic materials, but their limited desensitization effect limits their further practical applications. Based on this, we proposed the desensitization of CL-20/HMX co-crystal by three functionalized graphene oxide (NH 2 -GO, Am-GO and M550-GO). The sensitivity results indicate that the M550-GO has the best desensitization. To further explore the reasons for the better desensitization effect of M550, molecular dynamics was used to simulate the binding energy and mechanical properties of different systems. The results showed that the electrostatic interaction between functionalized graphene oxide and CL-20/HMX co-crystal can enhance the interfacial interaction more than van der Waals force. In a word, this work provides new ideas and insights for enhancing the interface interaction of coating materials and popularizing the practical application of co-crystal explosives.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物化学
·
界面工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
·
2020
·
IF 3.28
Cheng Zhang,Xihao Pan,Siyao Cheng,Aming Xie,Wei Dong
With the increasingly severe international situation, explosive detection has become an important topic of national security, and the rapid and efficient chemical sensors have attracted people's attention. In this work, a novel sensor CSA was synthesized through cholesterol succinate and 1-Aminopyrene. UV–vis and fluorescence spectra showed that CSA had a typical aggregation-induced emission （AIE） effect in THF/H 2 O solution, and explosive CL-20 could effectively quench this fluorescence. Also, the seal and cotton swab prepared by CSA can specifically detect CL-20, providing a platform for the practical application of CSA in public safety.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
·
国家安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Wenqing Li,Shimin Zhang,Songchao Shi,Xin Ruan,Qian Yang,Baoyun Ye,Chongwei An,Jingyu Wang
The proportion of oxidizer in the formulation of composite solid propellants (CSPs) is often more than 50 %. It is very important to explore the preparation of new high-energy oxidizers to improve the energy performance of CSPs. Porous CL-20/FOX-7@AP composite microspheres were prepared by combining high-energy density CL-20 and high safety FOX-7 with traditional oxidant AP through microchannel recrystallization technology coupled with solvent evaporation induced self-assembly technology. The experimental results show that the morphology of porous CL-20/FOX-7@AP composite microspheres is regular, and AP is uniformly attached to the surface of porous CL-20/FOX-7 composite microspheres. Compared with CL-20/FOX-7 composite microspheres, the oxygen balance of CL-20/FOX-7@AP increased from −14.12 % to −8.47 %, and the minimum impact excitation energy of CL-20/FOX-7@AP-1 and CL-20/FOX-7@AP-2 increased by 2.25 J and 3.25 J, respectively. When CL-20/FOX-7@AP-1 and CL-20/FOX-7@ AP-2 were used as new oxidants to replace 10 % AP in CSPs formula, the burning rate increased by 21.52 % and 27.85 % respectively, and the pressurization rate increased by 69.79 % and 75.44 % respectively. CL-20/FOX-7@AP composite microspheres with a porous synergistic core-shell structure are expected to be used as novel high-energy oxidants in CSPs to improve the energy density and energy release efficiency of CSPs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 3.846
Ling Chen,Yang Qin,Xinfu Cao,Jianbing Gao,Shishuo Liu,Yang Zhang,Jing Tu,Yingbo Wang,Jie Liu,Weidong He
In this study, a novel nitrated bacterial cellulose/2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/ammonium perchlorate nanoenergetic composite was successfully prepared by the sol–gel method and the freeze-drying technology. The structure and composition were characterised by means of scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and Fourier-transform infrared. The results demonstrated that the structure of the gel nanoparticles was granted with unique network cross-linked porous, wherein the hexaazaisowurtzitane and ammonium perchlorate nanoparticles were embedded and dispersed uniformly in the gel matrix. The thermal decomposition properties of composites were analysed by differential scanning calorimeter-thermogravimetric analysis, and the results revealed that the composites exhibited only two exothermal peaks which correspond to the nitrated bacterial cellulose/hexaazaisowurtzitane and ammonium perchlorate. In addition, the impact and friction sensitivities of composites were also performed and showed outstanding safety performance. Hence, this preparation strategy of nitrated bacterial cellulose-based nanocomposite energetic materials may provide promising application in high-performance and low-sensitivity propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源与推进剂
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）