Green fuel production from waste fried sunflower oil using reusable mesoporous COP-KOH catalyst with a kinetic study
Declining fossil fuel reserves and fluctuating petroleum prices have prompted global research efforts to develop clean, renewable, and sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. In this study, a reusable and eco-friendly activation catalyst was designed by combining KOH with a polymer. A series of three polymer catalysts were synthesized, and their catalytic activities were compared with those of COP-KOH, COP-K 3 PO 4 and COP-KF. It was found that the prepared COP-KOH catalyst showed the highest activity. The catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, which confirmed the presence of potassium support successfully coordinated on the COP. Additional analyses included N 2 and BET, XPS, SEM, mapping, and basicity measurement by ICP analysis. The prepared catalysts a possessed mesoporous structure, high surface area of 4.2961 m 2 /g −1 , pore volume of 2.2439 m 2 /g −1 , and high basicity. Here, the activity and stability of the potassium modified mesoporous polymer COP-KOH catalyst in green fuel synthesis from waste fried sunflower oil was evaluated. The green fuel conversion rate of 96.42 % was achieved under optimal reaction conditions, with a molar ratio of 6:1 methanol to fried sunflower oil, a catalyst concentration of 85 wt%, a reaction temperature of 61 °C, and a reaction time of 4.5 h. A satisfactory yield of 92.1 % was obtained after use for four consecutive cycles without significant deactivation, and after the fourth cycle catalyst was reactivated with KOH. The characteristic differences in the FT-IR results of the fresh catalyst, used catalyst, and re-activated COP-KOH catalyst, indicated the mode of interaction between the catalyst and reactants. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction was also determined, and the activation energy was found to range from 20.9 to 23.4 kJ . mol −1 . The properties of the green fuel were found to be in good agreement with the ASTM D6571-02 standard. The catalyst is recyclable, and using inexpensive feedstock makes the overall process more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）