Recently, the cubosomes have been widely studied as drug carriers. It has been described that cubosomes could further stimulate the immune response after carrying the immune enhancer. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP), one of the most important biologically active ingredients of Polygonatum sibiricum , has been reported as an immunostimulant to improve immune responses. This study was aimed to observe the immunomodulation effects of ovalbumin (OVA) absorbed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide cubosomes (CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs/OVA). Firstly, the antigen uptake of CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs/OVA by macrophages was determined in vitro. After that, mice were immunized with CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs/OVA. The activation of dendritic cells in lymph nodes, activation of lymphocyte, ratios of CD4 + to CD8 + , the concentrations of OVA-specific IgG in serum and the cytokines concentrations were analyzed. As the results showed, CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs/OVA could promote the production of OVA-specific IgG in serum. The ratio of CD4 + to CD8 + in CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs/OVA group was significantly increased compared with other groups. CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs/OVA could significantly activate dendritic cells and promote lymphocyte proliferation. The results indicated that CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs/OVA could promote the secretion of related cytokines and the proliferation of lymphocytes, stimulate the cellular immune response and increase the level of humoral immunity. Above all, CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs had good adjuvant activity.
This study aimed to optimize the preparation conditions for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide cubosomes (CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs) by response surface methodology (RSM). Glyceryl-monooleate (GMO) was used as the lipid base for the cubosomes. The optimal preparation conditions of CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs were as follows: the mass percentage of PSP to GMO (X 1 ), Poloxamer 407 (F127) to GMO (X 2 ) and water to GMO (X 3 ) was 1.4%, 9% and 50%, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs under the experimental conditions was 62.4 ± 3.6%, which was close to our predicted value. The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs were 427.7 ± 8.0 nm , 0.236 ± 0.024 and 19.2 ± 0.4 mV, respectively. Specific modifications were able to slow down in vitro release behaviors and reduce cytotoxicity to some extent. The effects of CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs on splenic lymphocytes were also investigated. When splenic lymphocytes were treated with CTAB-modified PSP-Cubs together with LPS or PHA , the results showed more favorable effects on cellular proliferation than blank cubosomes or free PSP at certain concentrations.
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