POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Dayu Liang,Xiang Li,Yixiang Zhang,Jianlei Qi,Zhimin Lu
In this paper, carboxyl-terminated nitrile rubber (CTBN) and Nano cerium oxide (n-CeO 2 ) were used to toughen epoxy resin (EP), and the effects of toughening agents on the mechanical and thermal properties of EP were studied. Orthogonal experiments determined that the ideal toughener proportions are 20 wt% CTBN and 1 wt% n-CeO 2 , under which the resin demonstrated superior mechanical characteristics. The combined application of CTBN and n-CeO 2 significantly enhanced the resin's mechanical properties, surpassing the effects of individual particle toughening. Compared with pure EP, the impact, flexural, and tensile strengths of the resin-cured product synergistically toughened by CTBN and n-CeO 2 increased by 462%, 136%, and 110%, respectively, and the flexural and Young's moduli increased by 38% and 35%, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the cured resin. The results indicate that incorporating CTBN and n-CeO 2 reduces the reaction activation energy, thereby accelerating the curing reaction and facilitating its progression. The addition of nanoparticles enhances the maximum weight loss temperature of the cured resin, thereby improving its thermal stability. CTBN and n-CeO 2 particles create a uniform phase separation structure within the resin, enhancing its toughness and strength. Furthermore, the impact fracture mode of the cured resin transitions from brittle to tough fracture, demonstrating a significant toughening effect. This provides an effective method for the toughening modification of EP. Highlights The synergistic use of CTBN and n-CeO 2 enhances the toughness of EP. The incorporation of nanoparticles improves the thermal stability of the cured resin. The addition of CTBN and n-CeO 2 accelerates the curing reaction rate. The inclusion of toughening agents transforms the fracture mode of the cured resin from brittle to tough fracture.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 53
·42362-42368
·
IF 3.84
Zhengguang Heng,Yang Chen,Huawei Zou,Mei Liang
A PEG-b-CTBN diblock copolymer was synthesized via the esterification reaction of hydroxy terminated methoxypolyethylene glycols (PEG) in the presence of a carboxyl-terminated butadiene-co-acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) with 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the catalyst. Epoxy thermosets were modified via the formation of a nanostructure. The result of transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) shows spherical domains were homogeneously dispersed into the continuous epoxy matrix and the size is nano-scale. It was noted that the glass transition temperatures decreased with an increase in the content of PEG-b-CTBN, which was evidenced by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Through mechanical tests, we found the tensile strength and fracture toughness of epoxy resins were simultaneously enhanced by nanostructured PEG-b-CTBN.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
SOFT MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 1.6
Mahdi Yadollahi Maghsoudlou,Guojun Cao,Zonghua Wang
This article describes the preparation of structural acrylic adhesives (SAA) with low odor and high strength. Isobornyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid were used as the main monomers. Cumene hydroperoxide was used as a radical polymerization initiator. The effects of tougheners, coupling agents, elastomers, monomers, and peroxide on the performance of acrylic adhesives were studied sequentially. The toughness of acrylic structural adhesives was discovered to be enhanced by the addition of carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile liquid rubber (CTBN) to the acrylic matrix. Coupling agents were added to improve SAA’s ability to adhere to steel. The results demonstrated that the SAA performs best when the methacrylic acid’s content is 7 wt%, cumene hydroperoxide’s content is about 1.5 wt%, CTBN’s content is 3 wt%, and the coupling agent’s content is 1 wt%. Adhesive modified using 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate phosphate and CTBN as the toughener provided excellent adhesion to the steel substrate. Its lap shear strength was found to be above 24 MPa, its T-peel strength was up to 8.29 N/mm, and its impact strength was up to 12 kJ/m2. The resulting SAA is capable of meeting structural adhesive bonding strength criteria for steel-to-steel joints.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 13
·e55170
·
IF 2.7
Chenyue Zhao,Yanan Su,Shaoqiu Zheng,Hangyu He,Xiaoxia Zheng,Zhiqiang Li
A high-toughness epoxy has been prepared using carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) as a toughening agent to modify the AG-80 epoxy resin. High-performance carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites are fabricated using the CTBN-toughened epoxy resin as the matrix and two types of CF, namely, T800SC and T800HB, as reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the matrix, surface properties of the CFs, tensile properties, and fracture morphologies of the composites are systematically investigated to elucidate the key factors influencing interfacial bonding in high-performance CF/EP composites. The results reveal that the most significant improvement in toughness is achieved when the CTBN content is 6.90 wt.% in the epoxy resin. Owing to the high content of polar functional groups and excellent surface wettability of T800SC, the T800SC/EP composite exhibits superior mechanical properties compared with the T800HB/EP composite.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
复合材料工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Jundong Yang,Dayu Liang,Xiang Li,Yajun Gao,Wenzhi Wang,Zhimin Lu,Jianlei Qi
Epoxy resin is a widely used thermosetting resin, but its application is limited due to its high brittleness and poor toughness after curing. In this study, we used repolymerized epoxy resin as the matrix and added carboxyl-terminated nitrile rubber (CTBN) and nano-cerium dioxide (n-CeO 2 ) to improve its impact strength without compromising its thermal properties. The test results show that with 15 wt.% CTBN, the tensile strength of the cured product is 60.59 MPa, the flexural strength is 132 MPa, and the impact strength is 22 KJ/m 2 , which are 206%, 200%, and 424% higher than those of pure epoxy resin, respectively. To further enhance the toughening effect, we introduced n-CeO 2 on the basis of 15 wt.% CTBN. The study found that with increasing n-CeO 2 content, the impact strength first increased and then decreased. When the n-CeO 2 content is 2 wt.%, the impact strength of the resin reaches 29.3 KJ/m 2 , which is 32% higher than that of CTBN. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the addition of n-CeO 2 significantly improves the thermal stability of CTBN/EP composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that CTBN cavitation occurs in the resin; n-CeO 2 plays a crucial role in particle debonding and crack pinning.
研究领域:
高分子材料
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复合材料科学
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材料化学
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热固性树脂
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功能材料
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Tao Deng,Lin Cui,Mengen Zhang,Ziang Mu,Zhenhuan Li,Bowen Cheng,Maliang Zhang
To meet the demanding performance criteria of packaging materials for high-power electronic devices, this study designed a thermosetting film material with enhanced toughness, mechanical strength, and thermal resistance by synergistically modifying Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin through bisphenol A (BPA) chain extension and carboxylic acid-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) toughening. Initially, the liquid epoxy resin was structurally optimized by varying the BPA content (8–30 parts per hundred resins, phr), which extended the molecular chains and reduced crosslink density. The 30 phr BPA-modified formulation demonstrated optimal performance, achieving a tensile strength of 98.69 MPa. Subsequently, CTBN (0–40 phr) was incorporated to enhance toughness further. The sample containing 30 phr CTBN (DT-30) exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 99.86 MPa (a 25 % increase) and an 80 % improvement in elongation at break compared to the BPA-extended resin without CTBN. Additionally, the Al–Al lap shear strength reached 27.85 MPa, while the high-temperature char yield increased to 8.94 %, indicating enhanced thermal stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that CTBN significantly enhances toughness through nanoparticle voiding and shear yielding mechanisms, but slightly reduces the glass transition temperature (Tg). Molecular simulations revealed crack deflection in the epoxy resin and the toughening mechanism of the voiding effect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that CTBN is uniformly dispersed and induces tough fracture. Rheological testing determines 133.8 °C as the optimal processing temperature. This work establishes a structure-property relationship and provides a practical strategy for designing high-performance composites through balanced BPA-CTBN modification.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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胶粘剂技术
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复合材料
·
热固性聚合物
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2013
·
IF 2.206
Yan-Ling Luo,Li-Li Chen,Yan Miao,Feng Xu
Novel AB4-type polyurethane (PU) micelle-like amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of hydroxyl-functionalized carboxyl-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (f-CTBN) as the hydrophobic cores and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) as the hydrophilic branched blocks were synthesized via esterification, followed by coupling reaction. Their chemical structure and molecular weight were characterized by FTIR, NMR, and SEC measurements. The block copolymers could easily self-assemble to form core–shell micelle nanoparticles in various media. The micelles bear a critical micelle concentration (CMC) in a range from 0.740 to 6.310 mg L–1 and were very stable even in PBS solutions. The TEM and DLS findings revealed that the micelles were almost spherical and narrow-size-distribution, with TEM mean diameters from 13 to 24 nm, and average hydrodynamic diameter about 124–151 nm. All these depended on chain lengths and compositional ratios of hydrophilic MPEG blocks. The drug loading and in vitro release indicated that the self-assembled micelle nanoparticles could effectively load hydrophobic prednisone, with encapsulation capacity of about 27–30%, and the drug release from the nanoparticles was dependent on MPEG chain lengths and the molar ratios of f-CTBN to MPEG. Cytotoxicity assays disclosed that the as-prepared block copolymer micelle nanoparticles exhibit good biocompatibility and could be employed as potential drug controlled release carriers.
研究领域:
生物材料
·
药物递送
·
纳米医学
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高分子化学
·
药剂学
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 5
·578
·
IF 5.8
Wei Wang,Xueping Gao,Zhimin Li,Yishi Wang,Bo Zhu
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites possess outstanding specific stiffness and strength but typically exhibit low intrinsic damping, which limits vibration attenuation in lightweight dynamic structures. Herein, a hybrid toughening strategy combining carboxyl-terminated butadiene nitrile rubber (CTBN) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is developed to enhance the damping of CFRP laminates while preserving cure feasibility and thermomechanical stability. An E51/DICY/accelerator epoxy system (100:6.5:1.2, mass ratio) is used as the baseline matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that both CTBN and h-BN shift the cure peak temperature upward (Tp: 160.6 → 170.3 °C) and reduce the reaction enthalpy (ΔH:386.5 → 255.1 J/g), indicating dilution/transport effects and altered cure kinetics. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals that CTBN exhibits an optimum damping enhancement at 25 phr (tan δ_max= 0.300), whereas h-BN provides a stronger monotonic increase up to 25 phr (tan δ_max= 0.437). Notably, the CTBN/h-BN hybrid (25/25 phr) delivers a hightan δ_maxof 0.468 together with the broadest effective damping window (ΔT_half= 28.6 °C), exceeding 85% of the linear additivity criterion proposed herein. When the materials are transferred into CFRP laminates, free-vibration tests (using the logarithmic decrement method) demonstrate a clear structural damping improvement (ζ:0.021 → 0.035;δ:0.132 → 0.221; t1/2: 0.48 → 0.27 s). Overall, the results suggest that the damping enhancement arises from a combination of EPBN-mediated ductile energy dissipation and h-BN-related interfacial/interlayer frictional losses, which can be jointly tuned to balance processability, thermal response, and damping performance in CFRPs.
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PubMed
高影响因子
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