Triphenyltin (TPT) has attracted considerable attention owing to its vitality, bioaccumulation , and lurking damage. TPT widely exists in complex salinity areas such as estuaries and coastal regions. However, there are few studies on the toxicological behavior of TPT under different salinity. In the study, juvenile Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) were utilized as model animals to investigate the effects of environmental relevant TPT exposure on the osmoregulation and energy metabolism in gill under different salinity. The results showed that salinity and TPT single or combined exposure affected the morphology of the gill tissue. After TPT exposure, Na + -K + -ATPase (NKA) activity significantly decreased at 0 ppt, while NKA and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase (CMA) activities significantly increased at 15 ppt. In addition, significantly higher succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were found in the control fish compared to the TPT-exposed ones at 15 ppt. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that TPT exposure affected the expression of osmoregulation and energy metabolism-related genes under different salinity. Overall, TPT exposure interfered with osmoregulation and energy metabolism under different salinity. The study will provide reference data for assessing the toxicity of organotin compounds in complex-salinity areas.
Lu Zhang,Chun-yan Peng,Pei-xin Wang,Linju Xu,Jia-hui Liu,Xing Xie,Ling Lu,Zong-cai Tu
Radix Paeonia Alba (RPA) is often used as food and medicine. This study aimed to enrich and identify the antioxidant and hypoglycemic bioactive compounds from RPA. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS + scavenging ability, and α-glucosidase inhibition ability (IC 50 = 7.27 μg/ml). The EAF could alleviate H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by decreasing the MDA and ROS levels, improving cell apoptosis, increasing the enzyme activity of GPX-Px, CAT, SOD, Na + /K + -ATP, and Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ -ATP, and stimulating T-AOC expression, which also enhanced the glucose uptake of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In addition, the EAF significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose level and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. An HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis displayed that procyanidin, digallic acid isomer, methyl gallate, tetragalloylglucose isomer, dimethyl gallic acid, and paeoniflorin were the major compounds in the EAF. These findings are meaningful for the application of the EAF in the medicinal or food industry to prevent and treat oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus.
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