JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2015
·
IF 2.037
Haijun Han,Lijiang Guo,Dongdong Li,Ouyang Dong,Yan Yao,Ning Zhang,Dewen Zeng
In this work, the water activities of the NaCl–CaCl2–H2O and KCl–CaCl2–H2O ternary systems and of their sub-binary systems NaCl–H2O and KCl–H2O were measured using an isopiestic method at 323.15 K. The isopiestic composition line for the NaCl–CaCl2–H2O system was found to obey the Zdanovskii rule very well, whereas the KCl–CaCl2–H2O system deviated slightly. The addition of NaCl to an aqueous solution of CaCl2 decreased its water activity for all CaCl2 molalities. However, KCl was found to decrease and increase the water activity at low and high CaCl2 molality, respectively. The turning point appears at 8.0 mol·kg–1 CaCl2 solution. The Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) model was applied to represent the water activity of the two ternary systems, and the calculated results are discussed.
研究领域:
化学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Applied Materials Today
·
2021
·
IF 10.041
Yue Hu,Zhou Fang,Xu Ma,Xinyi Wan,Shilin Wang,Shuaikang Fan,Zhizhen Ye,Xinsheng Peng
Harvesting water from atmosphere is emerging as a potential strategy to solve the problem of water scarcity. In this work, CaCl 2 encapsulated Fe-ferrocene MOFs hollow microspheres (CaCl 2 @Fe-Fc-HCPs) were successfully fabricated. CaCl 2 plays as water sorbent and Fe-Fc-HCPs act as photothermal components for rapidly water release. In CaCl 2 @Fe-Fc-HCPs composites, the dissolving CaCl 2 in the adsorbed water are effectively prevented, while the water adsorption capacity of the encapsulated CaCl 2 is improved. The amount of water adsorbed by CaCl 2 @Fe-Fc-HCPs (80% RH, 15 °C) is 2.685 g H2O /g CaCl2 , 2.23 times as that adsorbed by pristine CaCl 2 powder. Furthermore, the hollow structure Fe-Fc-HCPs MOFs favorable for loading CaCl 2 nanoparticles and facilitating mass transport. The adsorbed water can be easily released by a simulated solar light (one sun) due to the high efficient photothermal property of Fe-Fc-HCPs. The performance shows no degradation after 5 cycles, indicating its nice stability. This may provide a promising and cost-effective way to harvest water from air only powered by natural sunlight and offer new insights to combine photothermal MOFs with traditional adsorbents to design high-efficiency water generators.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 4
·744
·
IF 3.2
Ya-Long Wang,Guo-Hua Zhang
Submicron-sized TiB2powders (300 nm–1 μm) were prepared by the reaction of TiC, B4C, and Ca assisted by molten CaCl2. The optimal reaction procedure (1200 °C and 25 wt.% CaCl2+ 25 wt.% Ca) was obtained by exploring the effects of the boronization reaction temperature and the addition of an amount of CaCl2. It was found that the introduction of CaCl2not only promoted the reaction but also effectively inhibited the volatilization of excess Ca. Furthermore, SEM images of the products showed that the morphology and particle size of TiB2were inherited from the carbothermal reduction product TiC, which was dominated by the “template/growth” mechanism. The process of the boronization reaction was that B atoms migrated from B4C and replaced the C atoms in the lattice of TiC.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Haiyang Tian,Yunfeng Shi,Hongping Quan,Zhiyu Huang
The effect of CaCl 2 on the micromorphology of a self-thickening agent (TZXJ) was investigated. This study involved analyzing the compositional changes in acid solutions during acid–rock reactions. It combined dynamic light scattering and viscosity testing to confirm that the presence of CaCl 2 enhances the aggregation strength of the TZXJ network structure in acid solutions. This enhancement is macroscopically evident as an increase in viscosity. Incorporating 10 % CaCl 2 as a promoter into a fresh acid solution, the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) distribution of TZXJ in varying reaction stages was analyzed using dynamic light scattering experiments. The results indicated that the promoter CaCl 2 further strengthens the network association of the TZXJ acid solution, thereby improving its thickening capability. Investigating the viscosity of TZXJ aqueous solutions with varying concentrations of CaCl 2 revealed that TZXJ exhibits notable salt-thickening effects and can withstand saturated CaCl 2 solutions. The microstructural aggregation state and morphology of TZXJ in aqueous solutions were characterized at different CaCl 2 concentrations. Dynamic light scattering results demonstrated an increase in the Rh of TZXJ solutions with CaCl 2 concentrations. In particular, the mean Rh of a 0.8 % TZXJ solution increased from 150.8 nm to 3078.93 nm. Ultraviolet spectral analysis confirmed that the absorption intensity of the TZXJ solutions increased with CaCl 2 concentration, indicating a strengthened network aggregate structure in the TZXJ solutions. Microscopic observations using environmental scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that under the influence of calcium chloride, the microstructure of TZXJ transitions from a non-associated, linear carbon chain skeleton to a dense, aggregated network structure. The findings of this study offer theoretical insights for researching polymers resistant to extreme concentrations of CaCl 2 .
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Metals
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 9
·698
·
IF 1.704
Guobo Yang,Baoqiang Xu,Heli Wan,Fengkang Wang,Bin Yang,Zhijun Wang
The compound CaCl2plays a significant role in the process of direct calciothermic reduction of Ti2O3to prepare porous titanium. In this paper, the effect of CaCl2on reduction products by calciothermic reduction of Ti2O3was investigated. Results show that the distribution of CaCl2in reduction preform influences particle size and morphology differences in reduction products both on the surface and the inside. The CaCl2is transferred to the surface of the Ti2O3preform due to its volatilization before and throughout reduction. The content of CaCl2in the surface zone of Ti2O3preform is significantly higher than that in the interior during the reduction process, contributing to the formation of large Ti particles with a smooth shape on the surface, and small Ti particles with inherited morphology of Ti2O3inside. More CaCl2causes the aggregation of Ti particles to form large Ti particles which are advantageous as they connect and form a more solid porous titanium structure. The presence of a small amount of CaCl2in the interior also results in the coexistence of small Ti and CaO particles, forming a loose structure with uniform distribution.Keywords:CaCl2;calciothermic reduction;Ti2O3;microstructure;morphology;Ti particles
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
·
2016
·
IF 4.12
Erwei Leng,Yang Wang,Xun Gong,Biao Zhang,Yang Zhang,Minghou Xu
The influence of KCl and CaCl 2 on the primary reactions of cellulose pyrolysis is studied using a wire-mesh reactor from 250 °C to 600 °C, focusing on the reaction intermediates. A pre- column derivatization with benzoyl chloride prior to HPLC analysis is applied for the quantification of anhydro-sugars (levoglucosan, cellobiosan, maltosan) from pyrolysis. At low temperatures, the additions of inorganics salts, especially CaCl 2 , weakens hydrogen bonds, resulting in high yields of levoglucosan and cellobiosan from the cleavage of glycosidic bonds rather than from dehydration reactions . At elevated temperatures, dehydration reactions in the sugar units are mainly responsible for the destruction of sugar rings followed by the scission of pyran rings, leading to the weight-loss of CaCl 2 -loaded cellulose in the form of low molecular weight organic species. Meanwhile, accumulated unsaturated structures suppress the cleavage of glycosidic bonds, leading to the formation of char. However, KCl appears to catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds or the scission of pyran rings directly, which perhaps occurs through a homolytic mechanism, leading to low molecular weight species. Furthermore, maltosan is shown to be a secondary product and is catalyzed by KCl and CaCl 2 indirectly through the repolymerization of levoglucosan in the solid phase. A modified mechanism is also proposed regarding cellulose pyrolysis and the primary catalysis of KCl and CaCl 2 .
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
·
2022
·Vol. 59
·期 5
·851-857
·
IF 2.325
Zhang Qian,Ma Fukun,Tan Wenjie,Liu Liqiang,Jing Min,Sun Tao
Inorganic hydrated salt calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O) has a broad application prospect in the field of phase change energy storage due to its own characteristics. However, it has some problems such as large supercooling and serious phase separation, which limit its practical application. In this paper, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were applied in the CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O system. It was found that the heterogeneous nucleation of CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O can take place on the surface of BNNS. BNNS can solve the supercooling and heat transfer problems of CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O effectively. At the same time, the addition of an appropriate amount of BNNSs can improve the stability of phase change composites. Compared with pure CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O (supercooling was 22.06 °C and thermal conductivity was 0.382 W·m −1 ·K −1 ), the supercooling of CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O/1 wt% BNNS composite was only 3.89 °C and the thermal conductivity was 3.918 W·m −1 ·K −1 . CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O/0.5 wt% BNNS composite has good cycling stability. This study has scientific significance for the development and application of BNNSs in the field of phase change energy storage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Hong Zhang,Zongquan Zhao,Zihan Wang,Shibin Nie,Chao Han
Inhibitory foam technology plays an important role in inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion. To enhance the stability and inhibitory performance of inhibitory foam for coal spontaneous combustion, a novel physicochemical composite inhibitor was developed in this work. CaCl2 was chosen as an inorganic salt physical inhibitor to compound with the chemical inhibitor melatonin (MLT) due to its corresponding good foam stability. When the mass ratio of CaCl2 to MLT was 4:1, the lowest CO release concentration of 7337.06 ppm at 200 °C was observed in the composite inhibitor-treated coal. Furthermore, the addition of 20 wt % of the composite inhibitor resulted in a foam half-life of 3067 min, which was 5.89 times longer than that of the water-based foam. In comparison with the water-based foam, the inhibitory foam based on 20 wt % CaCl2–MLT composite inhibitor exhibited more excellent foam stability, wetting ability, and inhibition performance. The release of CO at 200 °C was 7854.6 ppm, showing a reduction of 63.2% compared to the raw coal. Moreover, the composite inhibitory foam could significantly delay the onset of the characteristic temperature and reduce the weight change during the decomposition stage by 12.8%.
研究领域:
矿业工程
·
消防工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 87
·期 11
·2634-2647
·
IF 2.7
Yu Rongzhen,Xiao Ya,Zhao Xiaojiao,Yao Pin,Yan Tinggui
View large Download slide View large Download slide Close modal Recovering phosphorus from incineration sludge sewage ash (ISSA) is a well-established technology, with a greater recovery potential than that of supernatant or sludge. ISSA can be utilized as a secondary raw material in the fertilizer industry, or as a fertilizer if heavy metal concentrations do not exceed permissible limits, thus reducing the cost of phosphorus recovery. Increasing the temperature to produce ISSA with higher solubility and plant availability of phosphorus is advantageous for both pathways. But a decrease in the extraction of phosphorus is also observed at high temperatures, thereby diminishing the overall economic benefits. In this study, CaCl 2 was utilized to mitigate the decrease in the extraction rate and also to promote the bioavailability of phosphorus. The addition of CaCl 2 (80 g/kg of dry sludge) effectively promoted the conversion of non-apatite inorganic phosphorus to apatite inorganic phosphorus at a rate of 87.73% at 750 °C. Furthermore, the decrease in the extraction rate of phosphorus at 1,050 °C was comparatively smaller in the presence of CaCl 2 . If iron flocculants are used to capture P in wastewater management, it may be necessary to pay special attention to the amount of addition and incineration temperature to maximize the economic potential of recycling. The decrease in the extraction of phosphorus at high temperatures is due to the enwrapping of some phosphorus-containing minerals by molten phases. The decrease in the extraction of phosphorus in sludge ash at high temperatures is mitigated by CaCl 2 . The acceptable conversion rate of apatite inorganic phosphorus (87%) can be achieved at 750 °C with a Ca/P ratio of 2.0.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
资源回收
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2022
·Vol. 169
·期 6
·062504
·
IF 4.386
Fangzhao Pang,Peng Li,Zhuqing Zhao,Lei Guo,Kaifa Du,Bowen Deng,Dihua Wang,Huayi Yin
Electrolysis of solid oxides in molten CaCl2 has been proven a straightforward process to extract various metals thanks to the wide electrochemical window of CaCl2 and CaO which is soluble in molten CaCl2. However, the CaO produced during the cathodic reduction of oxides not only shuttles O2−, but also captures CO2 to generate CO32− that can be reduced to carbon at the cathode, resulting in decreasing current efficiency and contaminating the cathodic products by carbon. To solve this problem, we employed CaSiO3 to replace CaO to suppress/avoid the formation of CO32− and thereafter prevent the carbon deposition. The suppression of CO32− formation is because SiO32− is thermodynamically more stable than CO32−, i.e., the CO2 generated on the graphite anode can not be captured by SiO32−. In molten CaCl2−8.0 wt% CaSiO3, Cr2O3 and SiO2 are reduced to Cr and Si with much less carbon deposition than in molten CaCl2. As a result, the current efficiency increases from 21.4% to 51.9% for the reduction of Cr2O3 and 37.1% to 72.2% for the reduction of SiO2. Although introducing SiO32− will slightly decrease the electrochemical window of CaCl2, it will be a promising method to avoid carbon contamination and increase current efficiency especially for Si production.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Yadong Jia,Zhaohaitan Zhu,Jianbang Ge,Lei Dai,Mingyong Wang
Stable inert anode presents a promising alternative to active graphite anodes in molten salt electrolysis, offering a significant reduction in CO 2 emissions. However, developing such anodes remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel metal-spinel cermet inert anode for use in CaCl 2 -based molten salts was introduced. Three spinel materials—NiFe 2 O 4 , MgFe 2 O 4 , and MgAl 2 O 4 —were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were compared. It was observed that NiFe 2 O 4 emerged as the most effective spinel ceramic. Subsequently, 20 wt%(50Cu-Ni)- x NiO-NiFe 2 O 4 ( x = 0, 10, 20) were prepared and evaluated. Furthermore, according to polarization behavior, density, and conductivity, the 20 wt%(50Cu-Ni)-10NiO-NiFe 2 O 4 anode exhibited superior performance in CaCl 2 -CaO molten salt, which outperformed conventional SnO 2 inert anodes. Its corrosion rate was measured at only 1.25 × 10 −3 g cm −2 h −1 over 20 h of electrolysis. Additionally, carbon spheres were successfully prepared using the 20 wt%(50Cu-Ni)-10NiO-NiFe 2 O 4 cermet anode in CaCl 2 -5 wt% CaCO 3 molten salt, thereby achieving a current efficiency of ∼85.5 %. The NiFe 2 O 4 -based cermet exhibited significant potential as an inert anode for sustainable metallurgical processes.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Kai Zheng,Fanghai Lu,Qiong Long,Cuilian Shi,Xingli Zou,Zhanling Zhang,Xiaoling Zuo,Chaoyi Chen,Xiangdong Su
The direct electrolytic production of TaC nanoparticles from a Ta 2 O 5 /C precursor in molten CaCl 2 by using solid oxide membrane (SOM) technology was investigated in this work. A Ta 2 O 5 /C pellet pressed under 6 MPa was used as the cathode, and a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) tube filled with carbon-saturated liquid tin served as the anode to control the electrolysis process. The phase composition and morphology characteristics of the electrolysis products were investigated. The results show that TaC nanoparticles could be obtained directly from a Ta 2 O 5 /C mixture in molten CaCl 2 at 1000 °C and 4.0 V within 4 h.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）