Lingfeng Wu,Weiwei Wu,Xiaolian Jing,Jiale Huang,Daohua Sun,Tareque Odoom-Wubah,Hongyu Liu,Haitao Wang,Qingbiao Li
The synthesis and applications of anisotropic nanostructures have attracted much attention in modern nanotechnology. Recently, biosynthesis has been demonstrated to be a viable green alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods for synthesizing metal nanostructures. Herein, we developed a new, green one-pot synthetic protocol in which silver nanoflowers (Ag NFs) with three-dimensional structures were synthesized by Canarium album foliar broths in the presence of trisodium citrate (TSC) at room temperature. The effects of silver nitrate, TSC, and foliar broths on these synthesis processes were investigated to determine the optimum synthesis conditions. Further exploration of the formation mechanism of Ag NFs showed that both the biomolecules and TSC played very important roles. The improved insight into the specific roles of the bioprotective components and the controlled synthesizing ability are expected to help explain the formation mechanism of this interesting nanostructure that exhibited an excellent performance in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
The cuticle layer covering the surface of the fruit acts as a crucial barrier to regulate water loss and preserve the texture. This study comprehensively investigated the morphological characteristics, cutin matrix depolymerization, and wax content and their effects on transpiration in Chinese olive fruit. Microscopic examination revealed that the surface of the fruit had fissured wax layers, sparse lenticels, and a delicate cuticle covering the epidermal cells. We developed a simple and efficient powder extraction method to decompose cutin polymers, especially from partially depolymerized cutin matrices and epidermal peels, from which cuticular membranes cannot be isolated. The analysis revealed a cutin monomer content of approximately 4.85 g m −2 , predominantly comprising C16–9/10,16-dihydroxy fatty acids (51.4 %) and phenols (19.5 %). The fruit waxes (8.11 g m −2 ) were predominantly composed of pentacyclic triterpenoids, constituting approximately 88 %, with a small amount of very-long-chain aliphatic compounds. The water loss rate from Chinese olive fruit was 4.75 × 10 −3 g m −2 s −1 , resulting in a permeability of 19.6 × 10 −5 m s −1 , which is higher than that reported for many other fruit. The reduced efficiency of the transpiration barrier may largely be attributed to the chemical composition and spatial arrangement of the cuticle. The findings of this study provide a basis for mitigating the dehydration process and developing appropriate preservation strategies for Chinese olive fruit.
Canarium albumfruit has great potential to be consumed as a raw material not only for food but also medicine. The diverse active metabolites composition and content ofC. albumfruits greatly affect their pharmacological effects. However, up to now, there has been no report on the global metabolome differences among fruits from distinctC. albumcultivars. In our present study, by using non-targeted metabolomics techniques, we identified 87 DAMs (differentially accumulated metabolites) including 17 types of flavonoids from fruits of four differentC. albumcultivars. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis- and flavonoid biosynthesis-related DAMs were major factors determining their metabolome differences. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that 15 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched by genes of the identified 3655 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) among differentC. albumcultivars. Consistent with the metabolome data, flavonoid biosynthesis-related DEGs, including eight key structural genes (such asFLS,CCoAOMT,CHI,C4H,DFR,LAR, andC3′H, etc.) and several regulatory transcription factor (TF) genes (including 32MYBsand 34bHLHs, etc.), were found to be significantly enriched (p< 0.01). Our study indicated that the differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and accumulation of flavonoids played dominant roles in the various metabolome compositions of fruits from differentC. albumcultivars.Keywords:Canarium album;flavonoid;metabolomics;transcriptomics;gene expression
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）