Ceratophyllum demersumL. (CDL) is a traditional Chinese herb to treat many diseases, but research on its anti-diabetic activity is not available. In this research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory ability and phytochemical constituents of CDL extract were firstly studied. Optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM), which was confirmed as 70% methanol, liquid-to-solid ratio of 43 (mL/g), extraction time of 54 min, ultrasonic power of 350 W, and extraction temperature of 40 °C. The lowest IC50value for α-glucosidase inhibition was 0.15 mg dried material/mL (mg DM/mL), which was much lower than that of acarbose (IC50value of 0.64 mg DM/mL). In total, 80 compounds including 8 organic acids, 11 phenolic acids, 25 flavonoids, 21 fatty acids, and 15 others were identified or tentatively identified from CDL extract by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. The results suggested that CDL could be a potential source of α-glucosidase inhibitors. It can also provide useful phytochemical information for research into other bioactivities.Keywords:Ceratophyllum demersumL.;response surface methodology;α-glucosidase inhibitors;phytochemical profile
Qing Cao,Weijing Liu,Yurong Gu,Liqiang Xie,Weili Jiang,Yan Gao,Liuyan Yang
Heavy metals and microcystins commonly co-exist in water bodies with cyanobacteria, and have been shown to affect aquatic plants. However, their combined effects remain largely unknown. In this study, the toxic effects of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on Ceratophyllum demersum L. were characterized in the presence of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The results showed that the bioaccumulation of MC-LR and Cu/Cd in C. demersum was significantly increased by the interaction between MC-LR and Cu/Cd. The combined toxicity assessment results suggested that the toxicities of Cu or Cd to C. demersum would be largely exacerbated by MC-LR, which could be the results of increased bioaccumulation of the pollutants. Cu, Cd and MC-LR, as well as their mixture, significantly decreased plant fresh weight and total chlorophyll content of C. demersum , especially at their high concentrations. The antioxidative system was activated to cope with the adverse effects of oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly stimulated by Cu, Cd and MC-LR, as well as their mixture. However, the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were observed when exposed to relative high concentrations of Cu or Cd together with MC-LR of 5 μg L −1 . MC-LR brought more stress to the antioxidative system, which is another possible explanation for the synergistic effect. Our findings highlight increased ecological risks of the co-contamination of heavy metals and harmful cyanobacteria.
Huanzhong Zeng,Rui Liu,Yuanyou Peng,Jiyi Sun,Junlong Chen,Jinling Li,Jianzhou Niu,Fuliang Zhu,Fen Ran
Carbon-based composites with nano dispersed transition metal sulfides (TMS)/transition metal phosphides (TMP) are successfully prepared using a bio-assisted strategy, where non-ferrous metals in leaves are converted to TMS and those in stems are converted to TMP. Carbon films obtained from the conversion of naturalized bioreactor (plant cells) membranes not only successfully achieve the nano-materialization of TMS/TMP, but also ensure good conductivity and can effectively accommodate the volume changes during cycling and maintain structural integrity. Besides, nonferrous metals will also optimize the dense structure of leaf-derived carbon during calcination, exposing more active sites and ion transport channels. Benefiting from these, the as-prepared carbon-based cobalt sulfide composite (CdL Co) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), including high reversible capacity, outstanding cycling stability, and good rate performance. Especially after 1, 000 cycles under 1 A g −1 , a high reversible capacity of 441 mAh g −1 can still be maintained. Besides, the dual-conversion achieved by this bio-assisted strategy can also be used to explore the preparation of nanocomposites for other applications, with universality.
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