查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Mechanochemical-assisted extraction of essential oils from Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl.

Peixi Zhu,Mengya Hao,Feng Su,Wenhao Xu,Qihong Zhang,Weike Su,Erwin Adams

Mechanochemistry is a process that could convert mechanical energy into the substance's internal energy to induce changes. In the current study, mechanochemistry was employed for the first time to extract the essential oil from Citrus aurantium L . var. amara Engl . Materials and reagents were ground at high speed in a planetary ball mill and exposed to solvent extraction. To achieve the best extraction from Citrus aurantium L . var. amara Engl . , the following parameters were selected: 5% fumed silica A200 as solid reagent, ball milling at 300 r/min for 10 min and extraction with n-hexane (1 g/5 mL) during 30 min. These settings gave an essential oil yield of 6.60 ± 0.20%. This is 26 times higher than by hydrodistillation (0.25 ± 0.03%) and more than 3 times higher compared to reflux extraction (2.08 ± 0.16%). The extracts obtained by the three approaches were analysed applying GC-MS. A total of 65 components was identified, including 60 by mechanochemical-assisted extraction, 27 by hydrodistillation and 49 by reflux extraction. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in material surface structure by the effect of mechanochemical-assisted extraction.

Phenolics in Citrus aurantium fruit identified by UHPLC-MS/MS and their bioactivities

Lingrong Wen,Mingyang He,Chunxiao Yin,Yueming Jiang,Donghui Luo,Bao Yang

Sour orange ( Citrus aurantium ) is a popular fruit with health benefits. Phenolics are the dominant bioactive compounds in this fruit. However, the full phenolics composition remains unclear. In this work, UHPLC-MS/MS was used to qualify and quantify the phenolics in sour orange fruits of cv. Morocco (MSO) and United (USO). Fifty-eight phenolics, including 26 flavonoid glycosides , 22 polymethoxylated flavonoids, 8 coumarins and 2 phenolic acids , were identified. Four limonoids were characterized. Flavonoid glycosides were the leading phenolics in MSO, while polymethoxylated flavonoids (including nobiletin, tangeritin and sinensetin) were dominant in USO. The phenolic extracts showed good antioxidant activities . USO extract had a significantly ( p  < 0.05) stronger neuroprotective activity than MSO extract. Auraptene, nobiletin and tangeritin were highly responsible for the neuroprotective activity. The results were helpful for the development of functional foods with sour orange.

An approach of pectin from Citrus aurantium L. for superabsorbent resin with superior quality for hygiene products: Salt resistance, antibacterial, nonirritant and biodegradability

Peng Zhou,Xiangzhou Li,Zhi Jiang,Jun Zhou,Guang He,Limin Qu

In this paper, a kind of superabsorbent resin (SAR) with superior quality for hygiene products was developed using Fructus Aurantii Immaturus pectin (FAIP) from Citrus aurantium L.. FAIP-g-AM/AMPS SAR was established by free radical graft co -polymerization with FAIP as skeleton structure, N, N′-Methylene-bis (acrylamide) (MBA) as the cross-linker. Meanwhile, the functional monomers of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were introduced. The structure and morphology of FAIP-g-AM/AMPS were characterized by FTIR , 13 C NMR, XRD, SEM and TG-DSC analysis. The results confirmed that the AFIP-g-AM/AMPS SAR was successfully prepared, which exhibited a three-dimensional (3D) network structure and an excellent thermal stability . The absorption and retention capacity of FAIP-g-AM/AMPS was comparable to or even better than commercial diapers and sanitary napkins. Significantly, FAIP-g-AM/AMPS itself exhibited excellent antibacterial and safety. FAIP-g-AM/AMPS has an inhibition ratio of 97.1 % for Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and 98.5 % for Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ), and was non-irritating and non-allergic to the skin. In addition, FAIP-g-AM/AMPS presented amazing biodegradability and a weight loss reached 37.1 % after 30 days by soil burial test. The research provides a safe and high-performance SAR, which expected to be used in hygiene products such as baby diapers, adult incontinence pads and sanitary napkins.

Antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of pectins from Citrus aurantium ‘Changshanhuyou’

Yu-Ting Huang,Xu Zhang,Xi-Min Ding,Ru-Qin Wu,Shaobo Zhou,Tao Zhou

To improve the utilization rate of Citrus aurantium ‘Changshanhuyou’ (Huyou) resources, the biological activities of pectins extracted from Huyou residue were studied. Huyou pectin (HYP) and its three separated components (HYP0, HYP1 and HYP3) showed considerable DPPH•, ABTS •+ and HO• scavenging abilities, bile salts-binding abilities, and marked inhibitory effect on lipase and α-glucosidase. In insulin resistance (IR)-HepG2 cells, HYPs effectively reduced ROS, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, and increased the hepatic glycogen content and pyruvate kinase and hexokinase activities. RT-qPCR analysis showed that HYPs effectively upregulated the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt, AMPK and GLUT4, and downregulated the expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, FAS, ACC and SREBP-2. Thus, HYPs modulate glycolipid metabolism possibly by activating the PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways, and regulating the gene expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. HYPs have potential as ingredients in functional foods due to their considerable antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities.

Synergistic probiotic co-fermentation drives metabolic remodeling and functional enhancement in Citrus aurantium L. juice

Binbin Li,Haizhi Tian,Ningning Shen,Longquan Xiao,Jing Li,Lin Zhou,Zhengnan Ren,Xinhui Wang

Synergistic co-fermentation enhanced antioxidant capacity of C. aurantium juice. • Co-fermentation increased β-glucosidase activity and flavonoid accumulation. • Probiotic co-fermentation reshaped aroma profiles and volatile composition. • Co-fermentation promoted volatile and non-volatile metabolic remodeling. • Co-fermentation enriched flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway. Citrus aurantium L. ( Citrus aurantium ) is rich in flavonoids and bioactive phytochemicals, but its industrial utilization is limited by suboptimal flavor quality and instability during processing. Herein, monoculture fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (a lactic acid bacterium) or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (a lactic acid bacterium), together with their synergistic co-fermentation, was employed to investigate flavor and functional modifications in C. aurantium juice. Compared with monoculture fermentation, co-fermentation increased total flavonoid and phenolic contents by 23.7-50.4% and 43.6-65.0%, respectively, while β-glucosidase activity, ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging activities increased by 10.9-27.3%, 12.6-24.4%, and 12.7-26.4%, respectively. Electronic-nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that co-fermentation generated a distinct volatile profile characterized by enrichment of aroma-related compounds and altered representation of compounds associated with earthy and camphor-like notes. Untargeted metabolomics revealed extensive remodeling of phenolic, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. The relative abundance of limonin showed a marginal, non-significant decrease of 3.9%, while indoline and L-tyrosine increased by 3.9% and 3.8%, respectively ( p  < 0.001). These changes were accompanied by significant enrichment of the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway ( p  = 0.0082). Correlation analysis further revealed strong associations between key differential metabolites and functional indicators. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that synergistic probiotic co-fermentation drives metabolic remodeling and flavonoid biotransformation in C. aurantium juice, providing a promising strategy for developing high-value functional citrus beverages. Future studies should further evaluate sensory acceptability, storage stability and industrial feasibility to facilitate commercial application.

Bioactivity evaluations of ingredients extracted from the flowers of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl

Hai-Yan Zhao,Li Yang,Jian Wei,Ming Huang,Jian-Guo Jiang

Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl, a member of genus Citrus (Rutaceae), widespread in China, is used as folk medicine for the treatment of helping digest, phlegm, enteritidis, stomachic and other deceases. In the present research, silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20, mass spectrometer (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to separate and identify the chemical compounds from the flowers of C. aurantium var. amara , and several bioactivity assays were used to evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus and antitumour activities. Two major compounds, 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (HTF) and limonexic acid (LA), were isolated and identified from C. aurantium var. amara for the first time. The results of the bioactivity assays showed that HTF and LA displayed significant antioxidant activities and showed significant inhibition effects on the B16 cell lines at a concentration range from 6.25 to 50   μg/ml, and on the SMCC-7721 cell lines from 12.5 to 200   μg/ml. The antitumour effect, anti-inflammatory activity and the inhibiting expression of HBsAg and HBeAg of 2.2.15 cells displayed the tendency in a concentration-dependent manner. These two compounds from C. aurantium var. amara could potentially be used as a promising natural agent in the pharmaceutical industries.

Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. fruitlets

Yang Yan,Hui Zhou,Chuanhai Wu,Xiaoye Feng,Chenggang Han,Hao Chen,Yan Liu,Yanfang Li

Impact of varied drying methods on the phytochemical compounds, and antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-tyrosinase activities of Citrus aurantium

Xiang Liu,Zhongwei Zhang,Sujin Deng,Limin Zhu,Shuiqing Chen,Chunlin Chen,Changjiu Ji,Zhihong Feng,Lingguang Yang,Yongchao Xie,Peipei Yin

This study investigated the effects of four drying methods (freeze-drying (FD), vacuum-drying (VD), hot air-drying (HD), and sun-drying (SD)) on the phytochemical profile and bioactivities of different parts (leaves, pulps, peels, seeds) of Citrus aurantium . Quantitative analysis revealed that FD significantly ( P  < 0.05) enhanced the retention of total phenolics (e.g., 25.30 ± 0.65 mg GAE/g), flavanols (0.85 ± 0.02 mg CE/g), flavonols (23.91 ± 0.78 mg RE/g) and condensed tannins (3.39 ± 0.04 mg CE/g) in leaves, concurrently yielding the strongest antioxidant (DPPH IC₅₀: 3.26 ± 0.16 mg/mL; ABTS IC₅₀: 0.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL) activity. Conversely, thermal drying methods (VD, HD) and SD were more suitable for pulps, peels, and seeds. For instance, peels and seeds treated with thermal drying methods exhibited higher anti-α-glucosidase activity significantly ( P  < 0.05) than FD. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 14 phenolic and alkaloid compounds, with correlation analyses confirming that phenolic compounds were the primary contributors to the observed bioactivities. This study provides a quantitative basis for selecting optimal drying methods to maximize the bioactivity and utilization of different C. aurantium parts for functional food and pharmaceutical applications

A long-acting hygroscopic and antibacterial composite filler: A new approach to phytoextraction solid residues from Citrus aurantium L.

Peng Zhou,Xiangzhou Li,Hua Yuan,Jun Zhou,Limin Qu,Yanhong Yang,Guang He,Chenyun Luo

A promising new composite filler with hygroscopic and antibacterial properties was developed based on the Fructus Aurantii Immaturus solid residues (FAIR) from Citrus aurantium L. , a typical bulk forest industrial crops. FAIR@AM-APTAC composite filler was established using FAIR as substrate, allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) as the cross-linker, while functional monomers of acrylamide (AM) and (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC) were introduced. The structure of FAIR@AM-APTAC was characterized by FTIR, SEM, BET and TG–DSC analysis. The results confirmed that the FAIR@AM-APTAC composite filler was successfully prepared, which exhibited a three-dimensional(3D) network structure with a specific surface area of 0.1758 m²/g and exhibited excellent thermal stability. The equilibrium percent moisture absorption of FAIR@AM-APTAC (63.0%) was higher than that of FAIR (15.7%) under RH= 80% at 25 ℃ for 48 h, and much better moisture adsorption was achieved. The moisture adsorption process of FAIR@AM-APTAC followed a type III moisture adsorption isotherm and conformed to GAB, Peleg and pseudo-second order kinetics model. The moisture adsorption process of FAIR@AM-APTAC was a multi-layer adsorption process with enthalpy driven non-spontaneous and endothermic, which was dominated by chemical adsorption simultaneous existing physical adsorption, and the adsorption force was the synergy of both hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. The inhibition ratio of FAIR@AM-APTAC was 97.1% for E. coli and 95.4% for S. aureus . The antimicrobial efficacy of FAIR@AM-APTAC was enormously improved compared with that of FAIR due to the introduction of quaternary ammonium groups. The antibacterial mechanism of FAIR@AM-APTAC may be that the surface contact between bacterial and FAIR@AM-APTAC leads to inactivation. Significantly, FAIR@AM-APTAC showed long-acting hygroscopic and antibacterial properties, with little weakness even after 120 times cycle of wetting-drying. It is expected to be applied to an indoor air purifier or filter.

A consecutive extraction of pectin and hesperidin from Citrus aurantium L.:Process optimization, extract mechanism, characterization and bio-activity analysis

Peng Zhou,Min Zheng,Xiangzhou Li,Jun Zhou,Yaxuan Shang,ZhaoShuang Li,Limin Qu

With the proposal of the Paris Climate Agreement and double carbon policy, production enterprise is now facing green and low-carbon transformation. To promote green and low-carbon development, optimizing the production process and improving utilization rate of raw materials for the reduction of production cost is an significant technological path for the plant extract industry. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop a consecutive extraction process of pectin and hesperidin with lower cost and higher purity, as well as better properties of extract. The process parameters will be put forward through single-factor experiments, Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken design. The experimental results showed that the consecutive extraction process was effective and feasible. Pectin with excellent properties was obtained, and the solid-liquid ratio of extraction process parameters of hesperidin was reduced to 1:8 (g: mL). The problems of environmental pollution and high energy consumption in traditional extraction could be solved. The consecutive extraction process, an innovative, economic and environmental-friendly process, may be realized easily in industrial application. At the same time, the consecutive extraction process mechanism was revealed with the help of microscopy analysis of the plant tissue structure. The results demonstrated that preferential extraction of pectin process was helpful for the exposure and dissolution of hesperidin crystallization in cells and thus can improve extraction efficiency of hesperidin. The purity of the obtained hesperidin was up to 91.7%, which can be further purified depending on application requirements. A large amount of pectin was obtained (23.3% ± 0.5% yield), and the pectin has superior gel-property, strong antioxidant activity and certain antibacterial activity. The pectin and hesperidin obtained will have better application prospects in medicine and food because of their unique characteristics.

Differential distribution of characteristic constituents in peel and pulp of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Citrus aurantium L.) using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging

Wenjun Cai,Shuo Zhang,Yaonan Wang,Changli Liu,Rong Luo

Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) was structurally divided into two parts named “peel” and “pulp”. The exocarp and mesocarp of materials named “peel”. The endocarp separated into multiple compartments and the cystic hair attached to it named “pulp”. In order to explore the distribution and content of constituents in AFI, an efficient method to explore the distribution of constituents was developed based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-FTICR-MSI). After simple processing, thirty-two constituents with distinct localization in the mass range of 101–1200 Da were identified by MALDI-FTICR-MSI. In addition, the identified four flavnoids (poncirin, sinensetin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptemthoxyflavone, and tangeritin) were analyzed for differences between using LC-MS. Quantitative analysis results supported the quantitative results from MALDI-FT-ICR-MSI. The results implied that different parts had different constituents in AFI, and demonstrated MALDI-MSI have high potential in the direct analysis of constituents.

Effects of cellulose-degrading fungus Penicillium griseofulvum on the structure characteristics and adsorption properties of soluble dietary fiber from Citrus aurantium L

Jie Tang,Chaoran Yang,Xiaoting Qin,Jingyu Si,Xuewen Dong,Xiaobo Hu,Qiang Yu

Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) was a potential low-cost source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF). To make full use of this resource, a considerable efficiency cellulose degrading strain ( Penicillium griseofulvum ) was screened from soil humus and used in the modification of CAL-SDF. After fermentation by Penicillium griseofulvum , the structure characteristics and adsorption properties of CAL-SDF were improved. Under the optimum fermentation conditions, the yield of SDF enlarged from 5.47% to 20.0%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the microstructure became loose and porous after fermentation, unfermented SDF (U-SDF) and fermented SDF (F-SDF) had characteristic intake peaks of polysaccharide . The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the crystallization degree (from 16.50% to 23.15%) of SDF was improved by fermentation, which increased the thermal stability of SDF. The monosaccharide composition and average molecular weight (Mw) results showed that fermentation altered the monosaccharide percentage of SDF as well as significantly reduced the molecular weight (from 576,914 to 112,977 Da). Together, these alterations reduced the water holding capacity (from 11.31 to 1.31 g/g) and oil holding capacity (from 14.24 to 12.86 g/g) of SDF, but significant ( P  < 0.05) increased water solubility (from 89.35% to 92.09%), the glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI), cholesterol adsorption capacity (CAC) and nitrite adsorption capacity (NIAC). In summary, Penicillium griseofulvum could be used as a potential strain for the modification of the CAL-SDF. Moreover, F-SDF may be used as a functional food component, which will increase CAL's value proposition.