Developing high-performance, multifunctional non-precious metal catalysts is essential for enhancing the efficiency of future energy utilization. In this study, four types of magnetic, recyclable Co3Fe7/CoFe2O4 incorporated porous carbon composite catalysts were synthesized using citric acid as the carbon source and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as the salt medium. Iron and cobalt salts, in four different proportions, were uniformly incorporated using freeze-drying technology and subsequently processed through in situ calcination. Among the synthesized catalysts, Co3Fe7/CoFe2O4@NC-1, demonstrated outstanding catalytic reduction performance, with a reaction rate constant (k) of 0.031 min−1, along with excellent cycle stability for 4-NP. The resulting Co3Fe7/CoFe2O4@NC-3 catalyst exhibited good ORR activity in an alkaline medium (Eonset = 0.99 V, E1/2 = 0.83 V, JL = −5.2 mA cm−2), along with long-term durability and resistance to methanol poisoning. These hybrid materials hold promise as non-precious metal electrocatalysts for fuel cell ORRs and introduce a new class of catalytic candidates for 4-NP reduction.
A mesoporous carbon nanostructure (MCN) with embedded Co 3 Fe 7 /CoFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles is synthesized by a clean and low-cost ball-milling/molten salt processing approach, employing metal oxides and waste plastic materials, without the involvement of environmentally-problematic raw materials or products. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of MCN are analyzed by a variety of techniques. A systematic investigation is conducted to evaluate the performance of this nanostructured material as regenerable adsorbent for the efficient removal of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from their aqueous solutions at various conditions, in terms of the dye concentration, the adsorbent dosage and the pH level of the solution. The dye adsorption of MCN is in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal model with an excellent monolayer adsorption capacity of 278 and 238 mg/g for MB and MO, respectively. Moreover, the material is characterized to be ferromagnetic with the Ms value of 17.9 emu/g, ensuring the facile separation of the exhausted adsorbent from the treated water. The adsorption performance of MCN can be regenerated, with an adsorption capacity of greater than 95% of the original performance, after five successive regeneration cycles.
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