High-effective catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade pollutant in wastewater and minimize its toxicity is crucial. Herein, CoFe 2 O 4 /montmorillonite composites (CF/MO) were synthesized and used as high-effective PMS catalysts for the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were firmly loaded on the surface of MO with Fe O Al bonds, preventing the leaching of metal ions and bringing superior reusability and stability. It was optimized that the 20%-CF/MO showed superior catalytic activity to activate PMS for TC degradation, and SO 4 − was the dominant active species for TC complete degradation within 30 min and achieved high kinetic rate of 0.178 min −1 . The ultrahigh catalytic performance toward TC degradation was ascribed to the cycles and regeneration of Co(III)/Co(II) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) synthergetic surface redox couples in the catalysts. The TC degradation pathway and reaction mechanism in the 20%-CF/MO/PMS system were also proposed based on DFT calculation. The ecotoxicity of degradation products was assessed using proteomics, and the toxicity of TC was found to decrease significantly as the reaction progressed.
Rational design and synthesis of low-cost trifunctional electrocatalysts with improved stability and superior electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are highly desirable but remain as the bottlenecks at the current state of technology. In this paper, the cobalt-iron (Co–Fe) composite supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoFe composite/NCNTs) is synthesized. The intrinsic OER and HER catalytic activities of this CoFe composite/NCNTs composite are significantly improved with palladium (Pd) nanocluster decoration [Pd-coated (CoFe composite/NCNTs)]. The as-prepared Pd-coated (CoFe composite/NCNTs) catalyst exhibits excellent trifunctional electrocatalytic activity and stability due to the interfacial coupling between Pd and (CoFe composite/NCNTs). This catalyst is successfully employed in the water electrolysis cell as both OER and HER electrode catalysts, flexible rechargeable Zn-air battery as the bifunctional ORR and OER electrode catalyst. The cell voltage of this catalyst-coated electrodes requires only 1.60 V to achieve 10 mA cm −2 current density for water electrolysis cell, which is comparable to and even better than that of Pt/C and Ir/C based cell. The primary Zn-air battery using this catalyst shows a constant high open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.47 V and a maximum power density of 261 mW cm −2 in the flooded mode configuration. Most importantly, a flexible Zn-air battery with this catalyst runs very smoothly without a change in voltage gap during flat, bending, and twisting positions.
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