SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Min Xie,Yuxin Luo,Tingting Gao,Rongye Li
Waste plant resource provides a new sustainable feedstock for the biolubricant, and purification of the effective components in biomass oil is vital to improve the performance of biolubricant. In this work, the crude extract of the aerial part of Codonopsis pilosula was divided into four different parts by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, respectively. Their thermal stability, lubricating performances and mechanisms have been systematically investigated. In the four extracts, the petroleum ether extract displays the best thermal stability and lubricating performance over the entire test conditions, and other three extracts are confronted with lubrication failure at high loads and elevated temperatures. Triterpenoid saponin, typical for n-butanol extract exhibit the best lubricity at room temperature, followed by the fatty acid derivatives as phosphatidylcholine; flavonoid, and sugar exhibit poor lubricity. At high temperature, only the petroleum ether extract retains the good lubricity.
研究领域:
生物学
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植物化学
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材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2016
·
IF 3.138
Ke Ming,Yun Chen,Fangke Yao,Jintong Shi,Jingjing Yang,Hongxu Du,Xunyi Wang,Yixuan Wang,Jiaguo Liu
To screen effective anti-duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) drugs, we applied STMP-STPP method to prepare phosphorylated Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (pCPPS), the phosphorylation-modified product of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPPS). The IR spectrum and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were subsequently used to analyze the structure of pCPPS. Several tests were conducted to compare the anti-DHAV activities of CPPS and pCPPS. The MTT method was used to compare the effect of the drugs on DHAV-infected duck embryonic hepatocytes (DEHs), and the Reed-Muench assay was employed to observe changes in the virulence of DHAV. We also applied real-time PCR to examine the relationship between virus replication and the expression of IFN-β. The results indicated that CPPS could not inhibit the replication of DHAV. In contrast, pCPPS increased the virus TCID 50 , inhibited viral replication and, accordingly, increased the survival rate of DEHs infected with DHAV. Because DHAV induced the expression of IFN-β, and the IFN-β expression level was positively associated with the number of DHAV, the reduction of IFN-β expression levels after pCPPS treatment demonstrated a decrease in the number of virus particles. These results indicated that pCPPS, which reduces the number of DHAV, was more effective than CPPS in anti-DHAV activity.
研究领域:
病毒学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PLoS One
·
2015
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·e0117916
·
IF 3.234
Cui Liu,Jin Chen,Entao Li,Qiang Fan,Deyun Wang,Cunshuai Zhang,Peng Li,Xiuping Li,Xingying Chen,Shulei Qiu,Zhenzhen Gao,Hongquan Li,Yuanliang Hu
Five combinations of three ratios (PS 9 -sPS 1 , PS 7 -sPS 3 and PS 6 -sPS 4 ) were prepared with polysaccharide (PS) and sulfated polysaccharide (sPS). The antiviral activities of these compounds were subsequently compared in vitro using the MTT assay, observation of the virus structure and immunofluorescence. The results demonstrated that SP 9 -sCP 1 , CP 7 -sCA 3 , EP 7 -sAP 3 , CA 9 -sEP 1 and EP 7 -sCA 3 presented higher activities, and SP 9 -sCP 1 displayed the highest virus inhibition rate and clearly killed the virus and inhibited viral antigen expression. In an in vivo test, 28-day-old chickens were challenged with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and were administered the five drug combinations. On day 14 after the challenge, the morbidity, mortality and cure rate in each group were calculated. The results indicated that SP 9 -sCP 1 presented the lowest morbidity and mortality and the highest cure rate. These results indicate that Solomonseal polysaccharide and sulfated Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide synergistically resist NDV. Moreover, SP 9 -sCP 1 had the highest efficacy and may be used as a new antiviral drug.
研究领域:
药理学
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病毒学
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兽医学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2018
·
IF 5.158
Wei Liu,Xing Lv,Wenhua Huang,Wenbing Yao,Xiangdong Gao
A neutral polysaccharide coded as CERP1 was extracted and purified from the residue of Codonopsis pilosula by ethanol precipitation and column chromatography. The structure of CERP1 was determined by HPAEC-PAD, HPLC, HPSEC-MALLS, FT-IR, NMR, and TEM. The results showed that CERP1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of Arabinose, Glucose, and Galactose in the ratio of 1.00:19.83:6.94. HPSEC-MALLS showed that CERP1 was homogeneous with an absolute molecular weight of 4.840 × 10 3 Da. The NMR results and the GC–MS result of methylation indicated that 1-linked β- d -glucose, 1,3-linked β- d -glucose, 1,6-linked β- d -glucose and 1,3,6-linked β- d -galactose were the main linkages in CERP1. TEM results indicated that CERP1 had a homogeneous particle size and good dispersibility both in purified water and 0.05 M sodium sulfate. Pre-treatment with CERP1 could result in a significant improvement of the insulin secretion of the INS-1 cells. While in vivo assays, CERP1 exhibited a potent hypoglycemic effect on T2DM mice for its ability to relieve oxidative stress, ameliorate lipid metabolism, increase glycolytic enzyme activity as well as decrease liver transaminase activity. This study gives a chance for exploring the residue of Codonopsis pilosula.
研究领域:
药理学
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生物化学
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分子生物学
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营养学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Pharmacology
·
2022
·
IF 5.988
Rupu He,Ruyun Ma,Zheng Jin,Yanning Zhu,Fude Yang,Fangdi Hu,Jianye Dai
Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. ( Codonopsis Radix , CR) and reveal the mechanism of its effects on suppressing Gastric Precancerous Lesions. Methods: First, we established the GPL rat model which was induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, a disordered diet, and 40% ethanol. The CR’s anti-Gastric Precancerous Lesions effect was comprehensively evaluated by body weight, pathological section, and serum biochemical indexes. Then, quantitative proteomics and metabolomics were conducted to unveil the disturbed protein-network and pharmacodynamic mechanism. Furthermore, serum pharmacology was employed to confirm that CR’s anti-gastritis and anti-cancer phenotype in cell models. Results: In animal models, CR had been shown to control inflammation and ameliorate Gastric Precancerous Lesions. Considering the combination of proteomics and metabolomics, we found that CR could significantly reverse the biological pathways related to energy metabolism which were disturbed by the Gastric Precancerous Lesions model. Furthermore, the results of serum pharmacology indicated that the Codonopsis Radix containing serum could ameliorate gastritis injury and selectively inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells rather than normal cells, which was closely related to ATP production in the above mentioned cells. Conclusion: In summary, CR exerted anti-Gastric Precancerous Lesions effects by ameliorating gastritis injury and selectively inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells rather than normal cells. Proteomics and metabolomics unveiled that its efficacy was closely related to its regulation of the energy-metabolism pathway. This research not only provided new ideas for exploring the mechanism of complex systems such as Chinese herbals but also benefited the treatment strategy of Gastric Precancerous Lesions via regulating energy metabolism.
研究领域:
药理学
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肿瘤学
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分子生物学
·
中药学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Xingfang Xie,Yao Gu,Yi Liu,Mingyue Shen,Jiaojiao Ji,Jianping Gao,Jiankuan Li
In the present study, an inulin-type fructan (ITF) with the degree polymerization (DP) of 21 was isolated from Codonopsis pilosula roots and its structure was characterized by FT-IR, MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR. The immunomodulatory and intestinal protective effects of ITF were investigated on immunosuppressive mice. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide (Cy) for 3 days to establish an immunosuppressive model followed by ITF treatment. The results demonstrated that compared with the model group, ITF administration significantly increased immune organ index ( P <0.05), alleviated intestinal villus damage, stimulated serum cytokine secretion including Ig G, IL-4, IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and INF-γ ( P <0.05), upregulated the expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 ( P <0.05), and increased CD4 + and CD8 + T cells of ileum in Cy-induced mice ( P <0.05). Furthermore, ITF restored the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis caused by Cy by increasing the abundance of Muribaculaceae , Blautia , Odoribacter , Lactobacillus and decreasing the abundance of Lachnospiraceae _ NK4A136 _ group ( P <0.05). Meanwhile, ITF increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid ( P <0.05). These results indicated that ITF can ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal barrier injury, and restore gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study provided important evidences for the immunomodulatory and intestinal protective effects of the ITF from C. pilosula .
研究领域:
免疫学
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药理学
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Pharmaceutics
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 7
·869
·
IF 6.9
Jiangtao Zhou,Yuhui Ge,Ran Li,Zhuoyang Cheng,Jianping Gao,Bin Zheng
Background: Skin photoaging, primarily induced by chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, is characterized by dryness, wrinkle formation, pigmentation abnormalities, and reduced skin elasticity, resulting from oxidative stress, inflammation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Codonopsis pilosula , a traditional food–medicine homologous plant, is recognized for its anti-aging properties. However, its lipophilic components (designated as CP-L) remain insufficiently explored. Methods: Herein, we developed a thermosensitive nanogel encapsulating CP-L-loaded transferosomes (CP-L nanogel) to enhance topical delivery and evaluated its effects in both a UV-induced photoaging mouse model and UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. Results: In UV-induced mice, topical application of the nanogel markedly reduced skin wrinkling and epidermal hyperplasia, with epidermal thickness decreased by 83.2% compared to the model group ( p < 0.01), and restored skin elasticity and collagen deposition, as evidenced by a 35.5% increase in collagen area fraction ( p < 0.01). Correspondingly, in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, it significantly increased cell viability from 53.0 ± 9.6% to 89.4 ± 1.0% ( p < 0.01) and suppressed apoptosis from 30.1 ± 0.48% to 12.4 ± 0.66% ( p < 0.01). Furthermore, the CP-L nanogel consistently attenuated oxidative stress, with SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities increased by 73.1%, 188.1%, and 18.2%, respectively ( p < 0.01), and MDA levels reduced by 71.0% ( p < 0.01), while inflammatory responses were suppressed, as TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels decreased by 28.3%, 22.6%, 12.8% and 31.9%, respectively ( p < 0.01). Mechanistically, transcriptomic and molecular analyses revealed that the nanogel potently inhibited the UV-induced activation of the FGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling cascade at both transcriptional and protein levels, with the phosphorylation levels of FGFR, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and p70S6K significantly reduced by 43.9%, 30.9%, 38.8%, 34.9%, and 57.3%, respectively ( p < 0.01). Molecular docking and dynamics simulations identified isofuranodienone and aromadendrene oxide-(2) as key constituents with high-affinity, stable binding to FGFR1 and AKT1. The cytoprotective effect of the nanogel was completely abolished by co-treatment with the FGFR inhibitor PD173074 , confirming functional reliance on this pathway. Enhanced cellular delivery of the formulation was directly demonstrated by flow cytometry, showing an approximately 1.8-fold increase in cellular uptake compared to the free drug ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: Collectively, these results demonstrated that the CP-L nanogel alleviated skin photoaging through a multi-faceted mechanism involving enhanced cellular delivery, potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and specific inhibition of the FGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade, highlighting its potential as a multitargeted topical agent derived from an edible plant.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
·
2024
·Vol. 73
·期 7
·1-24
·
IF 4.6
Liu Hongxu,Yao Maojin,Ren Jiaoyan
The majority of the immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which are the main players in coordinating tumor-associated inflammation. TAM has a high plasticity and is divided into two main phenotypes, pro-inflammatory M1 type and anti-inflammatory M2 type, with tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions, respectively. Considering the beneficial effects of M1 macrophages for anti-tumor and the high plasticity of macrophages, the conversion of M2 TAM to M1 TAM is feasible and positive for tumor treatment. This study sought to evaluate whether the glycopeptide derived from simulated digested Codonopsis pilosula extracts could regulate the polarization of M2-like TAM toward the M1 phenotype and the potential regulatory mechanisms. The results showed that after glycopeptide dCP1 treatment, the mRNA relative expression levels of some M2 phenotype marker genes in M2-like TAM in simulated TME were reduced, and the relative expression levels of M1 phenotype marker genes and inflammatory factor genes were increased. Analysis of RNA-Seq of M2-like TAM after glycopeptide dCP1 intervention showed that the gene sets such as glycolysis, which is associated with macrophage polarization in the M1 phenotype, were significantly up-regulated, whereas those of gene sets such as IL-6-JAK-STAT3 pathway, which is associated with polarization in the M2 phenotype, were significantly down-regulated. Moreover, PCA analysis and Pearson's correlation also indicated that M2-like TAM polarized toward the M1 phenotype at the transcriptional level after treatment with the glycopeptide dCP1. Lipid metabolomics was used to further explore the efficacy of the glycopeptide dCP1 in regulating the polarization of M2-like TAM to the M1 phenotype. It was found that the lipid metabolite profiles in dCP1-treated M2-like TAM showed M1 phenotype macrophage lipid metabolism profiles compared with blank M2-like TAM. Analysis of the key differential lipid metabolites revealed that the interconversion between phosphatidylcholine (PC) and diacylglycerol (DG) metabolites may be the central reaction of the glycopeptide dCP1 in regulating the conversion of M2-like TAM to the M1 phenotype. The above results suggest that the glycopeptide dCP1 has the efficacy to regulate the polarization of M2-like TAM to M1 phenotype in simulated TME.
研究领域:
免疫学
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肿瘤学
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药理学
·
分子生物学
·
细胞生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines
·
2022
·
IF 3.887
Xiyang TANG,Cailian FAN,Jiaxing ZENG,Pengcheng ZHAO,Xiaoxing WANG,Wanjun CAI,Ting LI,Yi DAI,Zhihong YAO,Xinsheng YAO
Codonopsis pilosula (CP), a well-known food medicine homology plant, is commonly used in many countries. In our preliminary study, a series of pyrrolidine alkaloids with high MS responses were detected as characteristic absorbed constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of CP extract. However, their structures were unclear due to the presence of various isomers and the lack of reference standards. In the present study, an MS-guided targeted isolation of pyrrolidine alkaloids of CP extract was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS). For data analysis under fast data directed acquisition mode (Fast-DDA), an effective approach named characteristic fragmentation-assisted mass spectral networking was successfully applied to discover new pyrrolidine alkaloids with high MS response in CP extract. As a result, seven new pyrrolizidine alkaloids [codonopyrrolidiums C–I ( 3–9 )], together with two known ones ( 1 and 2 ), were isolated and identified by NMR spectral analysis. Among them, codonopyrrolidium B ( 1 ), codonopyrrolidium D ( 4 ) and codonopyrrolidium E ( 5 ) were evaluated for lipid-lowering activity, and they could improve high fructose-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. In addition, the characteristic MS/MS fragmentation patterns of these pyrrolizidine alkaloids were investigated, and 17 pyrrolidine alkaloids were identified. This approach could accelerate novel natural products discovery and characterize a class of natural products with MS/MS fragmentation patterns from similar chemical scaffolds. The research also provides a chemical basis for revealing in vivo effective substances in CP.
研究领域:
药用植物学
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分析化学
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天然产物发现
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Ziqian Gao,Ning Zhu,Minhui Yang,Xingshuai Cui,Changze Han,Xiaopeng Guo,Feifan Leng,Ziyi Cheng,Wen Luo,Yonggang Wang
This study aims to explore the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the secondary metabolism and root-associated bacteria of Codonopsis pilosula . This study collected root and rhizosphere soil samples from various C. pilosula cultivars and employed metabolome, transcriptome, and microbiome analysis to assess the variations in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), root-associated bacterial communities, terpenoid biosynthetic genes, and terpenoid metabolites across these cultivars. Significant differences were observed in VOC secretion from roots, terpenoid metabolite accumulation, and the composition and structure of root-associated bacterial communities among the cultivars. A total of 57 differentially expressed genes within the terpenoid synthesis pathway were identified, and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways in C. pilosula were constructed by integrating terpenoid differential metabolites. Furthermore, correlation analysis between VOCs and root-associated bacteria suggested that certain VOCs, such as acetoin, may play a role in shaping the composition of the root microbiome, particularly with respect to bacteria like Nitrospira and RB41 . Acetoin had been experimentally proven to promote the germination of C. pilosula seeds. Additionally, correlations between root-associated bacteria and both terpenoid synthesis genes and metabolites suggested that bacteria such as Nitrospira may influence the synthesis of terpenoid compounds like abscisic acid by modulating the expression of related biosynthetic genes. Collectively, this study provides preliminary insights into the mechanisms of secondary metabolite-root-associated bacterial interactions in C. pilosula , offering valuable guidance for the scientific cultivation and enhancement of the medicinal value of C. pilosula in future.
研究领域:
植物科学
·
微生物学
·
代谢组学
·
转录组学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Ziwei Gao,Jinyang Ren,Chang Ke,Deyu Yang,Kexing Wang,Qi Wang,Xinyan Chen,Cong Chang,Zhenpeng Qiu,Chao Cai,Zhongshi Zhou,Yan Meng
An inulin-type fructan (CPS0.2B) from an edible traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) named Codonopsis pilosula was found to exhibit immunological enhancement both in vitro and in vivo. However, the commercial inulin, which has an almost identical molecular weight and monosaccharide composition as CPS0.2B, exhibited almost no biological activity in vitro. We found that this difference was attributed to the smaller particle size of CPS0.2B, facilitating enhanced cellular uptake through endocytosis. Further investigation into the corresponding immune-enhancing effect using THP-1 macrophage cells indicated that CPS0.2B can effectively activate the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by stimulating the p65 protein both inside and outside the cell membrane. Additionally, in vivo strudy further confirmed CPS0.2B had an immune-enhancing effect on CTX-induced immune suppression model in mice. This study confirmed the immune-enhancing activity and related mechanisms of the inulin-type fructan CPS0.2B and, more importantly, demonstrated the significant role of the advanced structure of the polysaccharides in immunomodulatory effects.
研究领域:
免疫学
·
生物化学
·
药理学
·
分子生物学
·
中医药学
·
碳水化合物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
XinQian Rong,QingLong Shu
Codonopsis pilosula , an important medicinal and edible plant in traditional Chinese medicine, is used widely as a tonifying herb for various immunodeficiency diseases. A neutral polysaccharide (CPPs-D1N1) was purified from C. pilosula , composed of fructose and glucose in a molar ratio of 97.28:2.72, with an average molecular weight of 5.985 kDa. Structural analysis revealed a backbone composed of →1)-β-D-Fruf-(2 → units with some β-D-Fruf-(2 → linkages. In a murine immunosuppression model induced by cyclophosphamide injection, oral treatment with C. pilosula polysaccharide was administered, investigating changes in gut microbiota during therapy. The polysaccharide modulated serum immunoglobulins (Ig-G, Ig-M), cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, TNFα), and spleen and thymus indices in immunodeficient mice. Additionally, functional gene primer sequencing enrichment methods revealed alterations in abundance, diversity, and structure of butyrate-producing bacterial populations in the gut, with primary differential genera identified as Butyribacter , Rumanococcus , Dysosmobacter , and Ruseburia . This study provides in vivo evidence supporting the beneficial effects of C. pilosula polysaccharide oral therapy in improving gut microbiota, particularly butyrate-producing bacteria, during treatment of immunosuppressive diseases.
研究领域:
免疫学
·
微生物学
·
药理学
·
中医药
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）