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Cs2NaScCl6
Journal of Materials Chemistry C · 2024 · IF 5.7

High quality white light emission from Sb3+, Tb3+ and Mn2+ co-doped Cs2NaScCl6 double perovskites

Deyuan Yang,Ruirui Cui,Chaoyong Deng

Recently, the splendid strategy of co-doping ns2 electron configuration ions with rare-earth ions in all-inorganic lead-free halide double perovskites has been proposed to overcome the weak absorption cross-section of the f–f transition of rare-earth ions and achieve efficient white emission. But few of them can really provide effective red emission in lead-free halide double perovskites, despite the wide variety of rare-earth ions, and lead-free halide double perovskites with co-doping rare-earth ions and doping ns2 electron configuration ions usually exhibit an unsatisfactory color rendering index due to the narrow characteristic emission peaks of rare-earth ions. To address this issue, Mn2+ ions with red wide peak emission were introduced into Cs2NaScCl6 simultaneously with Tb3+ ions and Sb3+ ions in this work. The white light emission was observed in Cs2NaScCl6:0.01Sb3+,0.12Tb3+,0.07Mn2+ under 336 nm excitation because the presence of energy transfer from Sb3+ ions to Mn2+ and Tb3+ ions enhances fluorescence performances of Mn2+ and Tb2+. The temperature-dependent spectrum of Cs2NaScCl6:0.01Sb3+,0.12Tb3+,0.07Mn2+ shows that it exhibits a stable white emission in the temperature range of 298–398 K, and it's emission intensity at 398 K only decreases by less than 18% of the initial intensity (at 298 K). Excitingly, WLED devices with a quite high color rendering index of 93.6, which is one of the best in lead-free halide double perovskites, and nearly standard white light CIE coordinates of (0.3425, 0.3435), have been fabricated by using Cs2NaScCl6:0.01Sb3+,0.12Tb3+,0.07Mn2+ and a 340 nm LED chip and can maintain a good white color stability at different working times and currents. These results indicate that Cs2NaScCl6:Sb3+,Tb3+,Mn2+ is an outstanding candidate for WLED applications.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 光学
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CRYSTENGCOMM · 2024 · IF 2.6

Red-emitting Cs2NaScCl6:Sm flexible films for high-resolution X-ray imaging

Yuxia Li,Qi Luo,Xin Huang,Hao Lu,Yazhou Yuan,Xieming Xu,Shuaihua Wang,Shaofan Wu

In recent years, the development of new scintillation materials with red and near-infrared light emission has had significant advantages based on the development of an avalanche photodiode with high quantum yield. This study used a hydrothermal method to synthesize rare-earth-doped Cs2NaScCl6 crystals, in which a red emission of Cs2NaScCl6:Sm was investigated with high X-ray sensitivity and low detection limit. In addition, a tunable wavelength range of radioluminescence can be achieved, in which a near-white light emission can be generated by precisely controlling the proportion of Sm3+ and Tb3+ doping concentrations. Meanwhile, a Cs2NaScCl6:7%Sm scintillation film has been successfully prepared by direct coating with a thickness of 150 μm, which achieves a spatial resolution of 11.9 lp mm−1 based on X-ray imaging experiments. Therefore, this perovskite material has shown potential application as an eco-friendly multifunctional imaging material.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 医学影像 · 光学
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Journal of Physical Chemistry C · 2025 · IF 3.2

Simultaneous Multicolor Emission of Down-Shifting and Up-Conversion in Er3+, Yb3+-Codoped Cs2NaScCl6 Double Perovskites

Zehui Chen,Mengyan Cao,Zhihui Rao,Xiao Gong

Lanthanide ion-doped metal halides are a promising class of fluorescent materials. In this paper, we investigated the optical properties and photophysical mechanism of Er3+, Yb3+-doped Cs2NaScCl6 phosphor. It was demonstrated that in both up-conversion (UC) and down-shifting emission modes, the increase of Yb3+ concentration resulted in enhancement of the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 emission of Er3+ in Cs2NaScCl6. In particular, UC emission gradually shifts from green to yellow with the enhancement of the excitation power density observed in Yb3+-rich systems. The complex cross-relaxation behavior between Yb3+ and Er3+ results in these phenomena. New paradigms are provided for the development of multimodal and dynamic fluorescent anticounterfeiting materials.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 光学
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NANOTECHNOLOGY · 2023 ·Vol. 35 ·期 11 ·115203 · IF 3.5

Tunable dual-emission of Sb3+, Ho3+ Co-doped Cs2NaScCl6 single crystals for light-emitting diodes

Qingyong Qin,Yu Liu,Ge Gao,Zhaoqiong Chen,Zejiang Gao,Li Chen,Xianci Zhong,Bingsuo Zou

Lead-free halide double perovskites are considered as one of the most promising materials in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), due to their environmental friendliness and chemical stability. However, the extremely low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of self-trapped excitons (STEs) emission from lead-free halide double perovskites impedes their applications. Herein, Sb3+ ions were doped into rare-earth-based double perovskite Cs2NaScCl6 single crystals (SCs), resulting in a large enhancement of PLQY from 12.57% to 87.37%. Moreover, by co-doping Sb3+ and Ho3+ into Cs2NaScCl6 SCs, the emission color can be tuned from blue to red, due to an efficient energy transfer from STEs to Ho3+ ions. Finally, the synthesized sample was used in multicolor LED, which exhibited excellent stability and optical properties. This work not only provides a new strategy for improving the optical properties of Cs2NaScCl6 SCs, but also suggests its potential application in multicolor LEDs.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 光学工程
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Laser & Photonics Reviews · 2023 · IF 11

Achieving Nearly Quantitative (∼100%) IQE and 42.3% EQE Across NIR-I and NIR-II Regions with Cr3+-doped Cs2NaScCl6 under 300 nm Excitation

Chunli Zhao,Yuan Gao,Jing Wang,Jianbei Qiu

Lead-free rare-earth-based perovskites have received widespread attention for their unique optical properties, although achieving efficient broadband near-infrared (NIR) emission with these materials remains a challenge. Here the synthesis of a rare earth-based double perovskite (Cs 2 NaScCl 6 ) by an improved solid phase method is reported. The doping of Cr 3+ led to the formation of [CrCl 6 ] 3− octahedron, which exhibited a broadband NIR emission peaked at 950 nm and a half-peak width of 162 nm. It is worth noting that with the same actual Cr 3+ content, the luminous intensity of Cs 2 NaScCl 6 synthesized by the improved solid-phase synthesis is four times higher than the product synthesized by the hydrothermal method. an efficient Cl − -Cr 3+ charge transfer sensitization facilitated by localized electrons in [CrCl 6 ] 3− octahedron is the mechanism for the strong NIR emission of Cr 3+ is proposed. Calculations based on density functional theory and Bader charge analysis support the notion that electrons in [CrCl 6 ] 3− octahedrons are strongly localized in Cs 2 NaScCl 6 :Cr 3+ , which is conducive to the Cl − –Cr 3+ charge transfer process, resulting the internal quantum efficiency of 100% and external quantum yield as 42.3%. The highly efficient ultra-broadband NIR emission with excellent stability offers many opportunities for applications in the field of NIR night vision and bio-imaging.

CAS / MDL: 10060-12-5 20662-14-0
研究领域: 材料科学 · 光学 · 纳米技术 · 光子学
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Advanced Optical Materials · 2026 ·Vol. 14 ·期 25 ·e71356 · IF 7.2

Near Infrared to Visible Upconversion Polarization Imaging Enabled by Cs2NaScCl6:Er3+ Composite Film

Henan Yang,Siyang Chen,Ye Wang,Cheng Ding,Kun Zheng,Jie Cao,Bingkun Chen,Qun Hao

Current near-infrared (NIR) polarization imaging relys on expensive, cryogenically cooled infrared detectors with resolution, toxicity, and system complexity limitations. Herein, we propose a NIR polarization imaging system based on Cs 2 NaScCl 6 :Er 3+ upconversion emissive film and a commercial visible camera. Cs 2 NaScCl 6 , a lead-free double perovskite, was selected as the host matrix for its non-toxicity, wide bandgap, and ability to accommodate high-concentration Er 3+ doping. We optimized the Er 3+ doping concentration to 12%, achieving a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 5.98% under 980 nm excitation, with emission peaks located at 551 nm. The as-fabricated powder was 600-mesh sieved for refinement. Subsequently, the post-processing Cs 2 NaScCl 6 :Er 3+ powders were dissolved in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate uniform, flexible, and environmentally stable composite films, which maintain retained excellent upconversion emission even after 30-day storage. The NIR polarization imaging system combines the upconversion film with the dual-orthogonal linear polarization detection scheme, enabling the extraction of the full Stokes vector, degree of linear polarization (DOLP), and angle of polarization (AOP). This system outperforms traditional NIR cameras in background suppression and material distinction, and operates without cryogenic cooling. This modular, low-cost approach expands the application of perovskite optoelectronics and provides a practical path for high-resolution NIR polarization imaging across multiple fields.

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS · 2025 · IF 5.4

Cs2NaScCl6: Sb3+/Er3+ − a dual-emission double perovskite for high-sensitivity optical thermometry

Ti Feng,Chonghui Qi,Huangyao Chen,Long Jie Zhang,Ruirui Cui,Jun Zhang,Chaoyong Deng

Luminescence-based thermometry offers a viable approach for remote temperature detection, benefiting from its non-invasive nature and superior precision. In the present research, a hydrothermal synthesis route was employed to obtain environmentally friendly Cs 2 NaScCl 6 double perovskite materials co-doped with Sb 3+ /Er 3+ ions. Spectroscopic analysis confirms that Sb 3+ incorporation facilitates the radiative decay of self-trapped excitons, leading to a notable increase in blue luminescence intensity across a wide wavelength range. Energy transfer analysis reveals that Er 3+ co-doping enables efficient STE → Er 3+ energy conversion, populating the 2 H 11/2 and 4 S 3/2 excited states which subsequently radiatively decay to the 4 I 15/2 ground state, yielding dual emission bands. The material exhibits notable temperature-dependent characteristics within the 298–473 K range, as evidenced by tracking the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR =  I 526 nm / I 551 nm ) of Er 3+ emissions at 526 nm and 551 nm. The achieved maximum relative sensitivity (S R ) reaches 1.40% K −1 with an absolute sensitivity (S A ) of 1.08% K −1 , highlighting its superior capability for high-precision temperature sensing. The findings indicate that the Sb 3+ /Er 3+ co-doped Cs 2 NaScCl 6 double perovskite holds great promise as a material for sensitive optical thermometry, with substantial potential for applications in non-contact temperature sensing.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 光学传感 · 发光材料 · 测温技术 · 无机化学
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY · 2026 · IF 3.2

Sb3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ triply doped Cs2NaScCl6 double perovskite toward high-quality white-light emission

Longjie Zhang,Chonghui Qi,Huangyao Chen,Xiang Guo,Ruirui Cui

Lead-free double perovskites (LFDPs) have attracted substantial research interest owing to their unique photoluminescence characteristics, low toxicity, and structural versatility. However, achieving efficient single-lattice white-light emission remains a formidable challenge due to the intrinsic difficulty of spectral tuning and the trade-off between luminescence efficiency and color quality in single-host systems. To address this issue, we developed a triple-doped rare-earth double perovskite system Cs 2 NaScCl 6 : Sb 3+ , Tb 3+ , Sm 3+ . Through a competitive energy transfer design, we achieved fine control over energy migration from Sb 3+ to Tb 3+ and Sm 3+ , enabling precise spectral modulation simply by adjusting the dopant concentrations. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy clearly identified three energy transfer routes: Sb 3+ → Tb 3+ , Sb 3+ → Sm 3+ , and Tb 3+ → Sm 3+ , which collectively contribute to the tunable white-light emission. The optimized material exhibits outstanding thermal stability, retaining 88.1% of its initial emission intensity at 473 K. The Cs 2 NaScCl 6 : 1%Sb 3+ , 40%Tb 3+ , 8%Sm 3+ single crystal achieves a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 40.90%. When fabricated into WLED devices, this phosphor delivers a color rendering index (CRI) of 85.1, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4278 K, and near-ideal CIE coordinates of (0.336, 0.306). Collectively, this work not only presents a high-performance single-host white-light emitter for solid-state lighting applications, but also offers a viable energy transfer design strategy for rare-earth-activated LFDPs, thereby advancing the development of eco-friendly perovskite materials for white-light-emitting devices.

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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL · 2026 · IF 6

Extreme condition triggered spectral evolution in Sb3+-doped Cs2NaScCl6 double perovskites for luminescent manometry and thermometry

Yutao Zheng,Shualing Ma,Min Lian,Jiujun Zhu,Zhengchun Hu,Peng Du

A series of Sb 3+ -doped Cs 2 NaScCl 6 double perovskites were synthesized to realize bifunctional optical sensing. Upon 337 nm excitation, the designed compounds emitted intense blue emission, whose intensity was dependent on dopant content and the involved concentration quenching mechanism was caused by electric dipole-dipole interaction. The impact of temperature on the luminescence properties of the final products was investigated, implying their good thermal stability. Through analyzing the response of lifetime to temperature, the thermometric properties of the resultant double perovskites were discussed and the maximum relative sensitivity was 0.32% K −1 , with a broad operating range of 303-623 K. Moreover, in-situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction was tested to explore the structural stability of the studied samples. With elevating pressure, a significant spectral blue-shift was observed in the resulting compounds, enabling their potentials in optical manometry. According to the pressure-dependent emission band centroid, the manometric features of the developed double perovskites were characterized, in which its maximum pressure sensitivity was 10.13 nm GPa −1 with a working pressure range of 0.27-6.69 GPa. Our findings demonstrate that the luminescence properties of Sb 3+ -doped Cs 2 NaScCl 6 double perovskites can be efficiently modulated by extreme condition, endowing their applications in optical temperature and pressure sensing.

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ACS Applied Electronic Materials · 2025 · IF 4.7

NIR-I Excitable and NIR-II Emissive Cr, Yb, Co-Doped Cs2NaScCl6 Double Perovskite Halides for Biodetection

Ting Zhang,Xiaoqian Zhang,Qinan Mao,Fangyi Zhao,Heyi Yang,Xinyue Li,Jiasong Zhong

Lanthanide doping has been instrumental in tuning the emissions of double perovskite halides (DPHs) into the near-infrared (NIR) region. However, the limited penetration depth of UV excitation and typically low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of these materials restrict their utility in biomedical applications. In this paper, Cr3+-doped lead-free DPHs (Cs2NaScCl6:Cr3+) have been explored, featuring a broadband NIR emission spanning 800–1300 nm and an impressive PLQY of 76.9%. Oriented toward biological applications, we employ Yb3+ as a codopant to be introduced into Cs2NaScCl6:Cr3+. The novel Cs2NaScCl6:Cr3+,Yb3+ crystal powder displays a red-shifted emission (peaking at 995 nm) with a remarkably narrower full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 51 nm. Importantly, the efficient energy transfer between Cr3+ and Yb3+ enables Cs2NaScCl6:Cr3+,Yb3+ to maintain a PLQY of 46.1% upon 780 nm excitation. Leveraging its NIR-I excitable and NIR-II emissive properties, Cs2NaScCl6:Cr3+,Yb3+ presents great potential in biodetection and bioimaging applications. Its superior energy transfer efficiency, high PLQY, and favorable spectral characteristics position this material as a promising candidate for advanced biomedical techniques requiring deep tissue penetration and high imaging contrast.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 生物医学工程
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · 2023 · IF 9.5

Tunable and Efficient Photoluminescence of Lanthanide-Doped Cs2NaScCl6 Double Perovskite Single Crystals toward Multifunctional Light-Emitting Diode Applications

Gang Yang,Songchao Bai,Xueguo Li,Hao Liang,Chao Li,Jie Sun,Yinhua Wang,Jinshu Huang,Gencai Pan,Yongsheng Zhu

Lead-free halide double perovskite, as one of the promising candidates for lead halide perovskite materials, shows great potential in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), benefiting from its environmental friendliness and high chemical stability. However, the poor regulation of the emission spectra severely limits its application range. Herein, various lanthanide ions were successfully doped in Cs2NaScCl6 double perovskite single crystals (DPSCs) to yield effective and stable emissions spanning from visible to near-infrared (NIR) regions. Notably, efficient energy transfer from the host to the dopants enables tunable emissions with good chromaticity, which is rarely reported in the field of lead-free double perovskite. Moreover, density functional theory calculations reveal that the high local electron density around the [LnCl6]3– octahedron in DPSCs plays a key role in the improvement of photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). The optimal PLQYs are up to 84%, which increases around 3 times over that of the undoped sample. Finally, multicolor and NIR LEDs based on Ln3+-doped Cs2NaScCl6 DPSCs were fabricated and had different application functions. Specifically, the single-composite white LED shows adjustable coordinates and correlated color temperatures, while the NIR LED shows good night vision imaging. This work provides new inspiration for the application of efficient multifunctional LEDs based on lead-free double perovskite materials.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 光学工程 · 化学
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY · 2024 · IF 4.3

Sb3+/Sm3+ Codoped Cs2NaScCl6 All-Inorganic Double Perovskite: Blue Emission of Self-Trapped Excitons and Red-Emission via Energy Transfer

Xunliang Jiang,Haoqing Ding,Fengxi Yang,Fusheng Luo,Zhixing Gan,Zhiping Fan,Fei Gao,Zhenzhi Cheng,Guangsheng Luo,Weiping Zhou

The lead-free halide perovskites possess nontoxicity and excellent chemical stability, whereas relatively weak luminescence intensity limits their potential in practical applications. Therefore, strengthening the luminescence intensity and expanding application fields are urgent tasks for the development of lead-free halide perovskites. In this paper, antimony-doped Cs2NaScCl6 crystals synthesized by a solvothermal method emit bright, deep blue photoluminescence at 447 nm. The photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and absorption spectra demonstrate that Sb3+ doping effectively activate the intrinsic “dark self-trapped exciton (STE),” leading to an impressive photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) value of 78.31% for 1% Sb3+ doping. Furthermore, the luminescence intensity remains above 92% compared with the fresh sample without secondary phases detected even after 90 days under environmental conditions. To expand the emission spectra, rare-earth Sm3+ is further incorporated into Cs2NaScCl6:1% Sb3+ crystals. The results show that Sb ions not only enhance intrinsic STE luminescence but also serve as sensitizers to boost the red-light emission of Sm3+, leading to a significant 500-fold increase in red emission intensity. Finally, the PLQY reaches a stunning 86.78%. These findings provide valuable insights in the design of Sb ion-doped lead-free double perovskites, broadening the application fields in various optoelectronic devices.

研究领域: 材料科学 · 光学
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