Water Biology and Security
·
2023
·
IF 0
Chaolin Jiang,Xingchen Huo,Lingjie Tang,Meidi Hu,Chunrong Yang,Daji Luo,Jianguo Su
Grass carp hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) results in significant economic losses to the global grass carp aquaculture industry. Oral vaccination is an ideal choice for disease precaution in aquaculture. However, oral vaccine can be degraded in the gut. Therefore, the selection of loading materials is essential. In this study, the S6 and S7 fragments (encoding the outer capsid protein VP4 and fibronectin VP56 of GCRV) and grass carp interferons (IFNs), including IFN1, IFN3, and IFNγ2 were used to create DNA vaccines and adjuvants based on pcDNA3.1, respectively. The oral DNA vaccine was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with IFNs. The PLGA-PVA (PP) nano-microspheres were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering assays, it was determined the vaccines had a spherical structure with uniform particle size (643.5 ± 35.3 nm). The nano-microspheres possessed excellent encapsulation efficiency (81.6 ± 2.6%) and loading rate (0.54 ± 0.02%), and simultaneously exhibited negligible hemolytic activity and cell toxicity. The protection rate and tissue viral loads post-GCRV challenge in grass carp were assessed. The oral PP nano-microsphere with pVP4 + pIFN1 (PP41) vaccine increased protection rate by 44% compared with the control group and was correlated with relatively low viral loads in the spleen, head kidney, and hindgut. Further, three crucial serum biochemical indexes, total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), complement C3 (C3), and lysozyme (LZM), were also dramatically increased. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of representative immune-related genes (IgM, IFN1, IFNγ2, MHC-Ⅰ, and CD8α) in the head kidney and spleen were significantly enhanced. In addition, mRNA expression of IgT was significantly boosted in the hindgut. The results indicate that DNA vaccine capsulated with PP is effective against GCRV infection. The present study provides insights into a prospective strategy for oral vaccine development in aquaculture.
研究领域:
水产养殖
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免疫学
·
病毒学
·
兽医学
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DOI
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 2.2
Yingxin Zhang,Chaobin Qin,Junli Wang,Liping Yang,Xiao Yan,Shaoyang Zhi,Guoxing Nie
It is widely acknowledged that glucose serves as the primary energy source for organisms. However, fish exhibit persistent postprandial hyperglycemia and are thought to have low glucose tolerance. Glycolysis serves as the ubiquitous pathway for glucose catabolism, with phosphofructokinase (PFK) acting as a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in this process and playing an indispensable role. PFK is classified into three isoforms based on their major expression sites, i.e., PFKM (skeletal muscle type), PFKL (liver type) and PFKP (platelet type). In this study, grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) was used as animal model and the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of six PFK genetic isoforms of grass carp were cloned. Real-time PCR was used to detect its tissue distribution, and expression changes in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin and glucagon injection experiments. The results showed that the ORF of pfkla , pfklb , pfkma , pfkmb , pfkpa and pfkpb genes was 2343, 2340, 2355, 2331, 2364 and 2349 bp in length, respectively. The results of tissue distribution showed that pfkla and pfklb , homologous to mammalian pfkl , exhibited low expression levels in the liver of grass carp, but were expressed at the highest level in the brain. Muscle-type pfkma and pfkmb mRNA were found to be highly expressed in both red and white muscle, with pfkmb also exhibiting high expression levels in the heart, while platelet type pfkpa and pfkpb showed high mRNA abundances in the brain and heart. Oral glucose administration stimulated pfkma and pfkmb mRNA expression in the red muscle, and up-regulated pfklb mRNA levels in the liver at 3 h post treatment, but it suppressed liver-type and platelet-type PFK genes expression in the brain. The expression of pfkmb in white muscle and pfkmb and pfkpb in heart were promoted by insulin, whereas the expression of pfkla and pfkpb in the brain, pfkma and pfkmb in the red muscle, pfkma in the white muscle, and pfklb in the liver was suppressed by insulin. As for glucagon, it inhibited pfkma and pfkmb mRNA expression in the red muscle, as well as pfklb in the liver, but it up-regulated PFK genes expression in most tissues detected, such as brain ( pfklb , pfkpa and pfkpb ), white muscle ( pfkma and pfkmb ), liver ( pfkla ) and heart ( pfkmb and pfkpb ). Our results suggest that PFK family genes have different or even opposite expression patterns in response to glucose, insulin and glucagon stimulation in various tissues of grass carp, which may contribute to glucose intolerance in fish.
研究领域:
分子生物学
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生物化学
·
鱼类生理学
·
内分泌学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 2.4
Wenyao Lv,Xinzhan Meng,Tianyang Sun,Yuxuan Chen,Weizhong Li,Tao Sheng,Qian Cong,Qiaozhen Yu,Ruitao He,Ruicong He,Yubang Shen,Jianfeng Ren,Junqiang Qiu,Lang Gui,Jiale Li,Xiaoyan Xu
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Pik3r1 in grass carp resulted in an 51.8% increase in body weight and a 13.5% increase in body length in F0 mosaic individuals. • The growth enhancement was driven by a unique combination of muscle fiber hypertrophy (22.50% larger area) and hyperplasia (18.90% higher density). • Pik3r1 disruption simultaneously led to a 67.7% reduction in hepatic lipid accumulation, addressing a key metabolic disorder in aquaculture. • Molecular analysis confirmed that the dual phenotype arises from activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade and upregulation of PPARα mediated fatty acid oxidation, coupled with suppression of de novo lipogenesis. • The study identifies Pik3r1 as a novel, high-value target for precision breeding to concurrently improve growth yield and metabolic health in grass carp. Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) is a major aquaculture species, yet production efficiency is often constrained by growth performance and metabolic disorders such as hepatic lipid deposition. Conventional selective breeding faces challenges in further improving these complex traits, necessitating precision genetic interventions. In this study, we combined comparative transcriptomics with CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene disruption to investigate the regulatory role of Pik3r1 . Comparative RNA-seq of fast- and slow-growing individuals together with protein–protein interaction network analysis identified Pik3r1 as a candidate negative regulator of growth. To validate its function, we generated Pik3r1 mosaic F0 mutants by targeting the SH3 domain of Pik3r1 . Disruption of Pik3r1 conferred a profound growth advantage, increasing body weight by 51.8% and body length by 13.5% compared to wild-type controls. Histological analyses revealed that enhanced muscle accretion was driven by both hypertrophy with a 22.50% increase in myofiber cross-sectional area and hyperplasia characterized by an 18.90% rise in fiber density, coupled with a 67.7% reduction in hepatic lipid accumulation. At the molecular level, Pik3r1 disruption relieved the inhibitory effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade, with upregulation of PI3K , AKT , mTOR , S6K1 , Myod1 , and Mybpc1 and downregulation of 4ebp1 and Pik3ca in muscle, accompanied by upregulation of PPARα and CPT1a and downregulation of FASN and ACC1 in the liver. Furthermore, a clear genotype phenotype correlation was observed: fish carrying confirmed premature termination codons exhibited substantially greater growth enhancement (77.6% increase in body weight) than those with in-frame mutations. Collectively, our results support Pik3r1 as a key regulator linking somatic growth and lipid metabolism in grass carp, and highlight its potential as a target for molecular breeding aimed at improving yield and carcass quality. Download: Download high-res image (88KB) Download: Download full-size image
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 7
·1216
·
IF 5.1
Suxin Li,Jinhui Gu,Yiyi Liu,Weiqiang Qiu,Wenzheng Shi
Grass carp swim bladder collagen peptides (GCPs) were purified by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-15 chromatography to obtain GCP-II, which exhibited superior antioxidant activity. GCP-II exhibited 78.22% ABTS+scavenging activity and 72.91% Fe2⁺ chelating activity, along with around 90% thermal stability between 4 °C and 100 °C. Environmental factors such as 4% NaCl reduced superoxide scavenging to 59.16% of the original and 0.2% citric acid reduced it to 71.57% of the original, while glucose showed minimal impact on the antioxidant activity of GCP-II. From 464 GCP-II sequences analyzed via LC-MS/MS, 7 bioactive peptides were selected based on antioxidant activity and functional sequence motifs, and were named peptides 1 to 7, respectively. These peptides were synthesized through solid-phase methods, validated for purity exceeding 95% using HPLC and mass spectrometry, and tested for antioxidant performance. Peptides 1, 3, 6, and 7 demonstrated notable antioxidant efficacy: peptide 6 showed 63.31% ABTS+scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL, while peptides 3 and 6 exhibited synergistic effects in DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging experiments, surpassing theoretical values by 0.88% and 2.16%, respectively. This study underscores the potential of synthetic GCPs and GCP-II-derived peptides as functional antioxidants, particularly peptide 3 and peptide 6.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
·
2016
·
IF 4.909
Xiao-Bo Yu,Xiao-Hui Chen,Fei Ling,Kai Hao,Gao-Xue Wang,Bin Zhu
Moroxydine hydrochloride (Mor) is known to have multi-antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses but very little information exists on its pharmacology. The paper was undertaken to explore the antiviral response and antiapoptotic mechanism of Mor against grass carp reovirus (GCRV) in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells. The results showed that exposing GCRV-infected cell to 6.3 μg mL −1 of Mor for 96 h avoid ca. 50% apoptosis . Meanwhile, Mor had lower cytotoxicity than ribavirin (Rib) as the value of safe concentration was threefold higher than effective concentration and the compound could ensure sufficient into and out of cells within 4 h when tested at the maximal safe concentration. Mor blocked the GCRV-induced cytopathic effects and eliminated nucleocapsids in CIK cells to keep the normal morphological structure. Moreover, the expressions of viral protein genes were significantly inhibited especially the guanylyl transferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase related expression. Furthermore, GCRV caused Bcl-2 down-regulation and Bax mitochondrial translocation was prevented by treatment of CIK cells with Mor. The downstream effector, caspase activity was also significantly inhibited in Mor treated cells. The potential mechanism might be that mitochondrial apoptotic signals were not activated by the intervention of Mor for targeting viral gene expression. Taken together, Mor showed high anti-GCRV activity and had been proved as a secure and promising agent in viral controlling in aquaculture industry.
研究领域:
兽医学
·
病毒学
·
水产养殖
·
药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Animal Nutrition
·
2023
·
IF 6.3
Chao Zhu,Zifang Wu,Qimin Liu,Xiaolin Wang,Lijuan Zheng,Shuyang He,Fangxia Yang,Hong Ji,Wuzi Dong
The production of selenium-enriched fish can contribute to alleviating selenium deficiency in human diets. However, it is still unclear which selenium source, as an additive, can efficiently and cost-effectively produce high-quality selenium-enriched fish. This study evaluated the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNP), selenite, and selenomethionine (SeMet) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, selenium content, selenium speciation, and meat quality of grass carp. Ten diets were prepared, including a basal diet (BD) and three concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/kg) of SeNP, selenite, and SeMet. A total of 600 fish (250.79 ± 1.57 g) were randomly assigned to 30 tanks (3 tanks/group). Fish were fed the experimental diet three times daily for 60 d. In this study, SeNP most significantly promoted the growth and antioxidant capacity of grass carp, with 0.3 mg/kg SeNP identified as the optimal additive concentration. Additionally, SeNP demonstrated equally excellent bioavailability as SeMet and significantly increased the content of SeMet in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) muscle. Furthermore, compared to SeMet and selenite, dietary SeNP could more significantly enhance the content of selenocysteine (SeCys 2 ) and methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) in grass carp muscle tissue. In addition, we have demonstrated that SeCys 2 and MeSeCys promote apoptosis of cancer cells (Hela) through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (involving Bax and Bcl-2). Furthermore, as an additive, 0.3 mg/kg SeNP significantly improved the flesh quality of grass carp by reducing crude fat and heavy metal content, as well as increasing the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). In summary, SeNP is the most suitable additive for producing selenium-enriched fish.
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Tianyang Sun,Xinzhan Meng,Yaru Li,Hongquan Zhang,Ruitao He,Ruicong He,Tiegang Liu,Wenyao Lv,Xiaoyan Xu,Yubang Shen,Jianfeng Ren,Jiale Li
Aquaculture is critical for global food security, yet genetic improvement in farmed fish has progressed more slowly than in terrestrial livestock. Myostatin (MSTN), a conserved negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in vertebrates, presents a prime target for enhancing aquaculture productivity. In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes to disrupt mstnb , the orthologous gene of livestock mstn , in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ), the most economically important freshwater aquaculture species in China. Co-injection of five single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting mstnb exon 1 with Cas9 protein into single-cell embryos achieved 62.0–97.8 % editing efficiency in F 0 mosaic individuals, with an overall population efficiency of 67.1 %. At 7 months post-hatching, mstnb -knockout (KO) fish displayed 17.5 % greater body weight, 8.8 % increased body width, and 7.6 % higher body height compared to control siblings. Histological analysis revealed marked muscle fiber hypertrophy, with cross-sectional area increases of 9.0–26.3 % in cephalosome, trunk, and rump muscles. KO fish also displayed reduced hepatic lipid and glycogen accumulation, indicative of improved metabolic efficiency. While muscle amino acid composition remained largely unchanged, we observed a modest decrease in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., EPA and DHA). This study marks the first successful application of CRISPR/Cas9 in grass carp, demonstrating that mstnb disruption enhances growth and muscle development without substantially compromising meat quality. Our results underscore the potential of genome editing for sustainable aquaculture breeding, offering a promising strategy to address rising global protein demands.
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DOI
高影响因子
Food and Bioprocess Technology
·
2020
·Vol. 13
·期 8
·1421-1434
·
IF 3.356
Huang Yuan,Du Hongying,Kamal Ghulam Mustafa,Cao Qiongju,Liu Chen,Xiong Shanbai,Manyande Anne,Huang Qilin
There are many polyphenols used for the preservation of fish, but the interaction mechanism between polyphenols and fish protein is rarely reported. In the present study, the interactions between two kinds of polyphenols (chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rosmarinic acid (RA)) and the myosin of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) were explored using multi-spectroscopic techniques. Both CGA and RA were found to be involved in reducing the intrinsic fluorescence and surface hydrophobicity of myosin and increasing the UV absorption intensity. This indicates that interactions between CGA, RA, and myosin ultimately result in the formation of polyphenol-myosin complexes. The binding process of CGA and RA for the formation of the complex was spontaneous. The main binding forces between RA and myosin are hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces, whereas hydrophobic interactions were observed between CGA and myosin. The results of circular dichroism (CD) showed that the presence of CGA and RA increased the content of myosin alpha-helix. CGA and RA caused myosin aggregation which reduced the corresponding solution dispersibility. CGA and RA protected the myosin sulfhydryl groups and reduced the degree of their oxidation. Furthermore, the complexes formed by the combination of myosin, CGA, and RA exhibited the strongest synergistic antioxidant properties than any one of them. The findings of the present study provide insights into our understanding of the mechanism of interactions between myosin and polyphenols which could provide information on the application of polyphenols in preserving aquatic products.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
·
分子生物学
·
水产品保鲜
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DOI
高影响因子
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 4.622
Xiaojing Li,Ruichen Bai,Yichen Bai,Xu Shi,Yuhong Yang,Shiwen Xu
Acetochlor is a high-volume herbicide whose widespread use threatens ecosystems and affects aquaculture. Apoptosis and autophagy are important causes of hepatotoxicity caused by toxicants, which can be mediated by oxidative stress and the inhibition of PPAR/RXR pathway. However, the mechanism of acetochlor on fish hepatocyte damage still needs to be further investigated. Therefore, we treated the Ctenopharyngodon idella hepatic cell line (L8824 cells) with different concentrations (10, 20, and 40 μM) of acetochlor and/or ROS scavenger NAC (1 mM) for 24 h. The results showed that acetochlor decreased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. AO/EB staining and flow cytometry verified the increased apoptotic rates . Quantitative analysis of gene expression levels or protein expression levels displayed that the expression levels of Beclin1, P62, LC3B, BAX, and cleaved Casp3 were increased, and the expression of BCL2 was reduced. Besides, we detected the increased ROS contents and decreased PPAR/RXR pathway expressions after acetochlor treatment. The clearance of ROS alleviated the inhibition of the PPAR/RXR pathway and lightened apoptosis and autophagy under acetochlor stress. Overall, these results revealed that acetochlor exposure triggered BCL2/BAX/Casp3-cascaded apoptosis and Beclin1-dependent autophagy through ROS-mediated PPAR/RXR inhibition. The results partially explain the toxicological mechanism of acetochlor and provide targets for the development of its antidote.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
细胞生物学
·
环境科学
·
水产养殖
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Xiaoman Huang,Zixuan E,Hao Yang,Guihong Lai,Shuang Liu,Shujia Liao,Jiaqi Lin,Siyi Liu,Chen Long,Haoran Lin,Danqi Lu,Shuisheng Li,Yong Zhang
Triploid fish are considered a promising candidate for aquaculture; however, their immunological properties remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we investigated the immunological differences between 10-month-old triploid and diploid grass carp. Triploids exhibited a higher head kidney index and obvious macrophage aggregation in the head kidney compared to diploids. Among the immune and antioxidant indices, serum IgM content, head kidney lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, and catalase and total superoxide dismutase activities, were significantly elevated in the triploids. Transcriptomic analysis identified 610 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the head kidney between triploids and diploids. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily associated with primary immunodeficiency and phagosome pathways. Notably, genes involved in antigen presentation, immunoregulation, phagocytosis, and inflammation were significantly down-regulated in triploids. In contrast, MYD88 , macrophage proliferation genes, and macrophage marker genes were up-regulated. Further investigation into macrophage function demonstrated that triploid macrophages exhibited reduced phagocytic capacity, but maintained respiratory burst activity comparable to that of diploids. This was accompanied by elevated expression of respiratory burst-related and lysosome-associated genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that although triploid grass carp exhibit diminished macrophage phagocytosis and inflammatory responses, compensatory immune regulatory mechanisms may be at play. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the application of triploid grass carp in aquaculture.
研究领域:
水产养殖
·
鱼类免疫学
·
遗传学
·
比较生理学
·
分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Pathogens
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 10
·1069
·
IF 3.3
Xianqi Peng,Xialian Bu,Weisong Ma,Jinbiao Jiao,Xiaohong Huang,Yu Zhao,Jian Zhu,Lei Huang,Jing Chen,A’qin Zheng,Huantao Qu,Jiayun Yao
White spot disease, caused by the parasiticIchthyophthirius multifiliis, induces mortality exceeding 80% in intensive aquaculture systems, resulting in global annual losses of >$1 billion. Current chemical controls (e.g., formaldehyde) face environmental persistence and drug resistance challenges. This study developed a synthetic isoquinoline derivative, BHTCA (s)-2-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), as a biodegradable alternative againstI. multifiliisin grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). In vitro assays revealed stage-selective efficacy: theronts exhibited higher susceptibility (EC50= 0.10 mg/L at 4 h) than tomonts (EC50= 0.40 mg/L at 24 h), with BHTCA disrupting ciliary structures and compromising cyst integrity. In vivo trials (0.6 mg/L) reduced parasite loads by 78.1% and host mortality by 66.7% versus untreated controls. Acute toxicity tests confirmed a high therapeutic index (LC50= 16.75 mg/L; >167× effective concentration). With demonstrated efficacy, low production cost, and minimal eco-toxicity, BHTCA presents a sustainable strategy for Ichthyophthiriasis management in aquaculture.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
·
2026
·
IF 13.8
Yinyin Lv,Yaning Chen,Xiaolei Zang,Jiru Jia,Ce Wang,Bin Lai,Jianan Yan,Haitao Wu
The effects of xanthan gum (XG) on the gelation, swallowing properties and mechanisms of silver carp (SC) surimi and grass carp (GC) surimi were investigated. The results showed that the composite modulus, hardness and chewiness of SC and GC samples decreased by 8.8%-50.7% as XG concentration increased from 0% to 4%. The SC and GC samples with 1% or 2% XG could be classified as level 6 diets according to the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative framework. Additionally, SC and GC samples exhibited a 6.4%-30.8% decrease in cooking loss and a 0.8%-3.9% increase in water holding capacity with the addition of XG. Moreover, the introduction of XG led to decreases in the hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds whithin SC and GC composite systems, resulting in softer and looser structures. Furthermore, the results of molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated myosin-XG interactions are driven primarily by significant electrostatic forces. These results highlighted the potential of XG as an effective textural modifier for producing freshwater fish soft surimi gels.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）