Developing spherical Cu@C electrode with three-dimensional multi-channels for high-capacity and high-rate capacitive desalination
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a highly efficient desalination technique to obtain the portable water with low energy cost and environmental-friendly. However, the desalination capacity is still challenging. In this work, a Cu@C anode presenting the spherical structure with plenty of 3D diffusion tunnels has been proposed for CDI anode towards the enhanced Cl - removal. Such structure not only provide abundant electroactive sites for adopting salty ions, but also promote the electrosorption kinetics. Aiming to extract Cl - from the stream, the optimized Cu@C // activated carbon CDI device demonstrates the exceptional desalination capacity of 149.14 mg/g at 1.4 V in 529 ppm NaCl solutions as well as the fast desalination rate of 8.32 mg/g/min, which are relatively high as compared to many reported data. Moreover, the mechanism analysis points out that the desalination behavior of Cu@C electrode is dominantly governed by the conversion of Cu 0 and Cu + . Beyond that, the desalination capacity decay upon the long cycles is attributed to the irreversible Cu-Cl bonds.
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