The major obstacle in membrane filtration technology is the membrane fouling, which not only decreases the membrane efficiency, but also enhances its operational cost. In order to fabricate a membrane with antifouling characteristics, potential nanofillers have been added to the engineering polymer(s) to make a composite to improve the membrane efficiency. Herein, we incorporate porphyrin-based ultrathin, highly ordered porous photothermal responsive copper tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (Cu-TCPP) nanosheets as a novel nanofillers into the polysulfone (PSf) matrix. High loading (6 wt%) and well dispersed Cu-TCPP nanosheets incorporated polysulfone nanocomposite (Cu-TCPP/PSf) ultrafiltration membranes are prepared via non-solvent induced phase inversion. The Cu-TCPP/PSf composite membranes demonstrate pronounced antifouling and antibiofouling potential along good separation performance. The nanocomposite membranes demonstrate photo-induced pore tuning due to the local heating of photothermal Cu-TCPP nanosheets by visible light, which further improves the membrane separation efficiency. The Cu-TCPP/PSf composite membrane with 6 wt% Cu-TCPP nanosheets enhances the pure water permeance from 23.42 to 260.61 L·m −2 ·h −1 ·bar −1 , with improved antifouling potential, precise permeance recovery ratio of 99.13% after three cycles, and good separation performance for 100 and 200 nm particles. Considering relatively moderate cost, facile processing, tunable porosity, durable and good mechanical strength along restrained swelling, the Cu-TCPP/PSf membranes are considered as potential candidate as antifouling/antibiofouling ultrafiltration membranes for water purification.
Le Gao,Yibo Song,Jun Zhong,Xiaofeng Lin,Shu-Feng Zhou,Guowu Zhan
Two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could serve as multifunctional nanoplatforms to load small-molecule drugs and enzyme-mimicking nanoparticles (NPs) with a high efficiency for combined cancer therapy. Herein, we have prepared novel 2D Cu-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) nanosheets with an average thickness of 1.2 ± 0.1 nm using Cu2O nanocubes (50 nm) as a template and solid copper ion supplier. Cu2O nanocubes can be consumed and hybridized with the obtained Cu-TCPP, depending on the molar ratio of Cu2O and TCPP linker. The resultant Cu2O/Cu-TCPP could serve as nanoplatforms for co-loading of Pt and Au NPs to construct multifunctional Cu2O/Cu-TCPP/(Pt–Au) nanomedicines, which showed a superior anticancer effect via multiple therapeutic modes. For instance, Cu(II)-TCPP can produce 1O2 in the presence of acidic H2O2 by the Russell mechanism and the intrinsic Cu(I) ions (derived from the residual Cu2O) could mediate a Fenton-like reaction in tumorous tissues to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Moreover, the loaded Pt NPs with catalase (CAT)-mimic activity could decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into O2 within the tumor cells, increasing the local O2 concentration, modulating the tumorous hypoxia atmosphere, and promoting the O2-dependent glucose oxidation reaction. Furthermore, Au NPs with glucose oxidase (GOx)-mimic activity could accelerate the consumption of glucose and cut nutrient supply to induce starvation therapy. Consequently, our designed 2D MOF-based therapeutic nanomedicines would be a promising candidate for future smart and combined cancer therapy.
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