DESALINATION
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2025
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IF 9.8
Huifang Li,Yu Yue,Xiao Wang,Dahuan Liu
Solvent extraction has emerged as an extremely effective and highly promising approach for extracting lithium ions from salt lake brine, primarily due to its remarkable Li + selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. In this paper, the utilization of bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) as an iron-fixed reagent in an organic solution, along with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the extractant and FeCl 3 as the co-extractant, is proposed. Compared to the traditional TBP-FeCl 3 system, TBP-Cyanex 272 extraction system holds potential advantages in terms of a more environmentally friendly extraction process. Particularly, during the stripping process, the coordination of Fe 3+ with Cyanex 272 and TBP at a lower Cl − concentration allows Fe 3+ to be retained in the organic phase, thereby facilitating a greener extraction process. This method has effectively overcome the technical challenges associated with TBP-FeCl 3 systems, such as strong acid stripping and strong base saponification. Additionally, as an environmentally friendly extraction system, TBP-Cyanex 272 demonstrates exceptional performance in terms of lithium extraction efficiency and phase separation.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2025
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IF 7.2
Ze-Hang Chen,Lei Xu,Chen Chen,Zong-Bin Lv,Ming-Lai Fu,Baoling Yuan
Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) contain a significant amount of valuable metals, representing a precious secondary resource. Solvent extraction is an effective method for recovering valuable metal ions from these batteries. This study proposes the use of a traditional extractant, Cyanex 272, combined with the ionic liquid Cyphos IL 101, to extract and recover leachate from lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) batteries. With an organic-to-aqueous (O/A) phase ratio of 1:1 and a temperature of 25 °C, 97.12 % of Co was extracted, only 2.37 % of Li were co-extracted. The separation factor of Co and Li ( β Co/Li ) was 1390.1. Stripping was accomplished using pure water, achieving nearly 100 % efficiency, with the extractant demonstrating excellent recyclability and stability. Due to the low viscosity of the organic phase, the extraction system exhibits excellent performance even at room temperature (25 °C), eliminating the need for additional heat input. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), it was confirmed that a tetrahedral Co-Cyanex 272 complex is generated during the cobalt extraction process, following a cation exchange mechanism. Concurrently, Cyphos IL 101 facilitates the extraction of Co 2 + by transferring them as [CoCl 4 ] 2− complexes from the aqueous phase into the organic phase. The novel extraction system reduces raw material costs for recycling spent lithium cobalt oxide batteries. This research highlights the feasibility of solvent extraction methods for processing spent LIBs, offering an efficient approach to recover lithium cobalt oxide batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2019
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IF 8.355
Zesen Zhao,Li Cui,Yanxia Guo,Huiquan Li,Fangqin Cheng
For the ever-growing demand of gallium (Ga) resources in electronic applications, the recovery of Ga from the mining residues or waste has received considerable interest. The present paper is focused on the selective recovery of Ga from the sulfuric acid leach liquor of coal fly ash (CFA) by stepwise separation using acidic extractant. The results show that Ga(III) can be effectively separated by controlling the equilibrium pH values and meanwhile employing appropriate extractant based on the different ionic potential and electronic configuration of metal ions. At equilibrium pH ≤ 0.8, the impurities Ti(IV) and Fe(III) in the liquor can be preferably removed by a two-stage cross current extraction with 1 mol/L P507. Then Ga(III) can be selectively separated against Al(III) using 0.5 mol/L Cyanex 272 at equilibrium pH of 2.4–2.6. The separation factors of Fe/Ga, Fe/Al and Ga/Al can reach 145, 133 and 40, respectively. The extraction mechanism of Ga(III) as well as the Ga(III) complexes with Cyanex 272 were investigated using slope analysis and spectroscopic methods including FT-IR, NMR and ESI-MS, indicating that the extraction of Ga(III) with Cyanex 272 follows an ion exchange mechanism. The Ga(III) complexes with Cyanex 272 (H 2 L 2 ) contains three coordination compounds, GaL 3 , Ga(HL)L 3 and Ga(HL) 3 L 3 . Both the P-O and P = O groups of Cyanex 272 play the roles in the coordination reaction of Ga(III). The study provides a feasible way for the selective recovery of Ga from coal fly ash.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials
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2023
·Vol. 30
·期 5
·877-885
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IF 4.8
Wang Junlian,Liu Lu,Xu Wen,Liu Hui,Xu Guodong,Huang Kun,Yu Fengshan,Huang Guoyong
Platinum group metals (PGMs), especially Pd, Pt, and Rh, have drawn great attention due to their unique features. Direct separation of Pd and Pt from highly acidic automobile catalyst leach liquors is disturbed by various factors. This work investigates the effect of various parameters including the acidity, extractant concentration, phase ratio A/O, and diluents on the Pd and Pt extraction and their stripping behaviors. The results show that the Pd and Pt are successfully separated from simulated leach liquor of spent automobile catalysts with monothio-Cyanex 272 and trioctylamine (TOA). Monothio-Cyanex 272 shows strong extractability and specific selectivity for Pd, and only one single stage is needed to recover more than 99.9% of Pd, leaving behind all the Pt, Rh, and base metals of Fe, Mg, Ce, Ni, Cu, and Co in the raffinate. The loaded Pd is efficiently stripped by acidic thiourea solutions. TOA shows strong extractability for Pt and Fe at acidity of 6 mol·L −1 HCl. More than 99.9% of Pt and all of the Fe are extracted into the organic phase after two stages of countercurrent extraction. Diluted HCl easily scrubs the loaded base metals (Fe, Cu, and Co). The loaded Pt is efficiently stripped by 1.0 mol·L −1 thiourea and 0.05–0.1 mol·L −1 NaOH solutions. Monothio-Cyanex 272 and TOA can realize the separation of Pd and Pt from highly acidic leach liquor of spent automobile catalysts.
研究领域:
冶金学
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化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ChemSusChem
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2025
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IF 6.6
Jie Wang,Chaowu Wang,Qibo Zhang
Graphical The work develops an efficient solvent extraction methodology using Cyanex 272 for the recovery of cobalt from Co(II)-containing waste Ethaline electrolytes, while enabling solvent regeneration. This proposed method provides an economically viable, highly efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach for recovering metal ions from waste deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolytes. Efficient recovery of metals from secondary resources is essential to address resource shortages and environmental crises. The development of a cheap, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient recovery pathway is essential for resource retrieval. In this study, we propose a high-efficiency extraction approach utilizing bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphonic acid (Cyanex272) to recover cobalt from waste choline chloride/ethylene glycol (Ethaline) electrolyte containing Co(II) ions. By adjusting the water content of the system to modify the ligand of Co(II) ions, combined with pH adjustment, we achieved an extraction efficiency exceeding 99.9 % for Co(II) ions. Subsequently, oxalic acid (OA) was added as a stripping agent to achieve a recovery efficiency of over 99.4 % for cobalt. The extractant can be recycled more than 15 times after stripping. Impressively, more than 98.3 % of the water-diluted Ethaline extraction raffinate was recovered through reduced pressure distillation while maintaining the structure of recovered Ethaline unchanged. This work provides an economical, efficient, and sustainable pathway for treating waste Ethaline electrolyte-containing metal ions.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2022
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IF 6.633
Xiaohua Jing,Zhumei Sun,Dandan Zhao,Xiaoning Tang,Wenjing Lv,Yunfeng Shi
In this study, five novel ionic liquids denoted by [RNH 3 ][Cyanex 272] where R = C 4 H 9 , C 6 H 13 , C 8 H 17 , C 10 H 21, and C 12 H 25 were synthesized in a one-step reaction of straight-chain primary amines and Cyanex 272. The singe-stage extraction performance of [RNH 3 ][Cyanex 272] for the separation of Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and Li + was investigated. Compared with the other [RNH 3 ][Cyanex 272], the [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ][Cyanex 272] has good selective extraction and separation of Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ due to the smaller different value between the radius of metal ion and the radius of [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ] + . Using a three-stage cross flow extraction, the extraction percentages of Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Li + were about 99.4, 99.1, 14.9 and 0.9 %. The [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ][Cyanex 272] is a good extraction agent for co-extraction of Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , and a part of Ni 2+ from Li + based on a three-stage cross flow extraction. Diluted sulfuric acid was used to strip the organic phase containing Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ , and the aqueous phase containing Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ can be used for the preparation of ternary precursor materials. The precipitation method can be used to prepare Ni(OH) 2 and Li 2 CO 3 from an aqueous phase containing Ni 2+ and Li + . The conceptual recycling flow-sheet for Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , and Li + from spent ternary lithium batteries was presented on basis of the new extraction agent. The slope method was also used to investigate the mechanism of the extractive reaction of Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ using the [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ][Cyanex 272].
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2024
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IF 3.8
Yifan Zhang,Xiao Geng,Huining Deng,Zhuojun Jiang,Benzheng Xia,Liangrong Yang,Zheng Li
The TBP/FeCl3 solvent extraction (SX) system exhibits a high selectivity of lithium over magnesium from magnesium-rich brines, but it suffers from the difficulty of lithium stripping. The addition of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexy ester (P507) as a modifier to the TBP/FeCl3 system significantly enhances the stripping efficiency of the extraction system by controlling the Fe3+ coordination. However, the performance of other acidic extractants similar to P507 has not yet been investigated. In this work, we systematically compared the performance of the four most commonly used commercial acidic extractants, namely, P507, di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), and neodecanoic acid (Versatic Acid 10) as modifiers in the TBP/FeCl3 system. It was found that the addition of P204, P507, or Cyanex 272 slightly suppressed the extraction of lithium but Versatic Acid 10 did not; the coextraction of magnesium followed the order P507 > P204 ≈ Cyanex 272 > Versatic Acid 10. Importantly, the ability of the modifiers to keep Fe3+ in the organic phase is correlated with their acidity, i.e., P204 > P507 > Cyanex 272 ≫ Versatic Acid 10. Overall, P204 and P507 exhibited comparable performance, and they both surpassed Cyanex 272 and Versatic Acid 10.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2025
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IF 5.3
Jun Li,Ruihui Wu,Shengjun Tian,Ronghao Liu,Huiying Wei,Yanzhao Yang
The NdFeB magnets are the most widely used permanent magnetic materials in the international arena, and the recovery of Nd(III) from the growing number of waste-NdFeB magnets is becoming increasingly crucial. In this study, a novel synergistic extractant consisting of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphonic acid (Cyanex 272) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) is proposed for the recovery of Nd(III) from waste-NdFeB magnets. First, the influence of the ratio of the two extractants on the synergistic extraction coefficient was investigated. The coextraction coefficient ratio of the two extractants Cyanex 272 and 8-HQ was 1:1. The extraction behaviors under different conditions, such as the extractant concentration, aqueous phase pH (pH = 5), and oscillation time (1 min), were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency reached 99.6 %. A chelating extraction mechanism was proposed on the basis of UV–vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy methods. The excellent extraction efficiency was maintained after five cycles of extraction and stripping, indicating the potential for application in light and heavy rare earth separation processes. Overall, this study aims to provide a new economically viable method for the recovery of Nd(III) from waste-NdFeB magnets.
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高影响因子
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