The eventual fading and scrapping of lithium (Li)-ion batteries will result in the formation of a huge urban mine of spent batteries. Hydrometallurgy and further extraction/separation are effective ways in which to recover the valuable metal ions from such batteries. Herein, extraction and recovery of spent lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) battery leach liquors using Cyphos IL-101 is proposed. Based on the optimization of extraction conditions, continuous circulating extraction, and thermodynamic analysis, Cyphos IL-101 effectively extracted cobalt (Co) ions with excellent stability and high extraction capacity (35.25 g/L). The separation factor of Co and Li (β Co/Li ) was 102.11 in 0.5 M HCl at 60 °C under the optimal operation condition. Moreover, an increase in temperature increased Co extraction in the spent Li-ion battery leach liquors. The extractants before and after use were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra , Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The extraction mechanism of cobalt ions by Cyphos IL-101 was suggested as that cobalt transferred to the organic phase from the aqueous phase in the form of [CoCl 4 ] 2− . 90.5% of Co and 86.2% of Li were recovered by precipitation after extraction separation in the forms of cobalt oxalate and lithium carbonate with the purity 87.4% and 74.2%. This suggested method might provide a promising strategy for recycling spent lithium cobalt oxide batteries.
Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) contain a significant amount of valuable metals, representing a precious secondary resource. Solvent extraction is an effective method for recovering valuable metal ions from these batteries. This study proposes the use of a traditional extractant, Cyanex 272, combined with the ionic liquid Cyphos IL 101, to extract and recover leachate from lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) batteries. With an organic-to-aqueous (O/A) phase ratio of 1:1 and a temperature of 25 °C, 97.12 % of Co was extracted, only 2.37 % of Li were co-extracted. The separation factor of Co and Li ( β Co/Li ) was 1390.1. Stripping was accomplished using pure water, achieving nearly 100 % efficiency, with the extractant demonstrating excellent recyclability and stability. Due to the low viscosity of the organic phase, the extraction system exhibits excellent performance even at room temperature (25 °C), eliminating the need for additional heat input. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), it was confirmed that a tetrahedral Co-Cyanex 272 complex is generated during the cobalt extraction process, following a cation exchange mechanism. Concurrently, Cyphos IL 101 facilitates the extraction of Co 2 + by transferring them as [CoCl 4 ] 2− complexes from the aqueous phase into the organic phase. The novel extraction system reduces raw material costs for recycling spent lithium cobalt oxide batteries. This research highlights the feasibility of solvent extraction methods for processing spent LIBs, offering an efficient approach to recover lithium cobalt oxide batteries.
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