INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Mohammed Mansour,Xiaoqing Li,Heba Elhadedy,Alsadig Yahya,Mahmoud salah,Ting Wu,Xu Xiaoyun
The present study investigates the effect of carboxymethylation modification on the physiochemical properties, structure characterization and biological properties of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharide (HCP). The successful synthesis of carboxymethylated HCP (C-HCP) was confirmed by the degree of substitution, FTIR and NMR results. The carbohydrate content and uronic acid of C-HCP were decreased compared with native HCP, while C-HCP exhibited higher water solubility and lower viscosity. The molecular weights of HCP and C-HCP were 5.123 × 10 5 Da and 2.581 × 10 5 Da, respectively. Both polysaccharides were contained the same monosaccharide composition with a slight change in the molar ratio. C-HCP exhibited a greater thermal stability than native HCP. SEM and AFM microscopic observation confirmed the changes on the polysaccharide chain after carboxymethylation. C-HCP demonstrated stronger hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than HCP. Both HCP and C-HCP inhibited α-glucosidase . However, C-HCP showed substantially higher activity, with inhibition rates of 84.66 ± 0.44%, compared with 53.68 ± 2.40% for native HCP at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Furthermore, kinetic analyses revealed that both HCP and C-HCP inhibited α-glycosidase via a mixed-type mechanism. Fluorescence quenching and molecular docking studies further demonstrated that C-HCP exhibited a higher binding affinity toward α-glycosidase compared with native HCP. Overall, carboxymethylation effectively enhanced the function and hypoglycemic activity of HCP, suggesting that, C-HCP may serve as a potential therapeutic agent or as functional food to control hypoglycemic.
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 3.4
Chenyu Wang,Guannan Yu,Qian Liu,Lichun Ye,Shilei Wang,Guohua Zheng,Junjie Hu,Lei Xu,Yan Meng,Zhaohua Shi
Recently, low-temperature water isolation has been confirmed to better keep the original structure of polysaccharides in plant. Thus, in this work, we obtained a new polysaccharide (WPVP) by water extraction at room-temperature (RT) from Prunella vulgaris L., a famous traditional edible Chinese medicinal herb. Unlike most reported complex heteropolysaccharides from Prunella vulgaris L. by hot water, the polysaccharide we obtained at RT was identified as an arabinoxylan, which is comprised a β -1,4-D-xylopyranose (Xyl p ) backbone substituted at O-2 with linear α -1,5-L-arabinofuranose (Araƒ) side chains. Notably, this new WPVP significantly ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatic damage in mice through gut regulation, as indicated by the improvement on hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and intestinal microecology. Collectively, this work suggests a new strategy for polysaccharides isolation to maintain the original structure, and also proposes a novel therapeutic strategy for alcoholic liver disease (ALD).
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
·
IF 8.7
Jie Bai,Yongchun Huang,Yuling Zhao,Lirong Zhang,Fuli Zhu,Yixizhuoma,Yuxin Weng,Shoude Zhang
The structural characterization of polysaccharides requires precise determination of their monosaccharide composition, including the differentiation of D- and L-configurations. Current analytical methods can identify monosaccharide types but often fail to distinguish between enantiomeric configurations, posing a significant challenge for accurate polysaccharide structural elucidation. This study introduces a robust, accurate, and reproducible ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method to address this limitation. By utilizing ( S )-(−)-1-phenylethylamine (S-PEA) as a chiral derivatizing reagent, monosaccharide enantiomers are converted into diastereomers through the introduction of a new chiral center. This approach enables the simultaneous determination of D/L configurations for aldoses, amino sugars, alditols, and uronic acids, achieving excellent chromatographic baseline separation. Method validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R 2 > 0.9900) within the range of 2.5–160 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.04 to 0.11 μg/mL and 0.13–0.35 μg/mL, respectively, indicating high sensitivity. Accuracy was confirmed with recovery rates between 97.23% and 100.67%, while intra- and inter-day precision RSDs were below 3.54%. The method was successfully applied to characterize the monosaccharide composition of six plant-derived polysaccharides, demonstrating its efficacy in identifying both structural types and absolute configurations. These findings establish the proposed method as a valuable tool for advancing the comprehensive structural analysis of polysaccharides.
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 2.5
Jiaying Sun,Le Sha,Guangyu Zhu,Linquan Li,Pengfei Li,Mengran Chen,Junhao Wang,Xueying Jiao,Na Gao,Jinhua Zhao
Free radical depolymerization has been widely employed for polysaccharide structural and functional studies. However, H 2 O 2 -induced depolymerization of the unique sea cucumber derived fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) generated diverse fragments with oxidation at their reducing ends, thus limiting preparation of well-defined oligosaccharides. Here, a thermal dissociation initiator, potassium persulfate (KPS), was utilized to induce radical depolymerization of FCS, leading to depolymerized products that maintained their basic structural units and sulfate substituents. Structural analysis of the resulting oligosaccharides revealed that the reducing ends were uniformly GalNAc 4S6S acid, distinct from those generated by H 2 O 2 -induced FCS depolymerization. The major components, tetrasaccharide (FIIIa), heptasaccharide (FVa) and decasaccharide (FVIa) possessed GalNAc 4S6S residues at their non-reducing ends, demonstrating that the D-GlcA-β1,3-D-GalNAc 4S6S linkage was preferentially cleaved. A free radical depolymerization mechanism of FCS by KPS was proposed. The regular aldonic acid terminal formation was attributed to the strong oxidative capacity of the sulfate radical for extensive oxidation of the newly formed GlcA residue after β1,3 glycosidic linkage cleavage, and further oxidation of C-1 of GalNAc. KPS was thermally dissociated to generate sulfate radicals, which subsequently attacked FCS chains and led to their fragmentation. Moreover, biological activity assay showed that heptasaccharide FVa and decasaccharide FVIa demonstrated strong anticoagulant activity, primarily via iXase inhibition mediated by high-affinity interaction with FIXa. Intriguingly, the unique oxidized reducing end exhibited enhanced iXase inhibitory activity. Hence, our findings expanded the free radical depolymerization of FCS and enriched structure-activity relationship information for iXase inhibition.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.5
Mingxiao Feng,Zhenjie Chen,Qian Yu,Chunyan Yan,Dawei Zhang
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. has been used in China for more than two thousand years to treat cough and vomiting. P. ternata is rich in polysaccharides; however, current research on the bioactivity of polysaccharides from P. ternata is relatively limited. In particular, there are no reports on their application in the treatment of osteoporosis. In this study, two β -glucan-like polysaccharides were isolated from P. ternata . The primary structures of PTTP50–1-3 and PTTP50–1-4 were comprehensively analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results indicated that they possess a similar backbone structure. Notably, compared with PTTP50–1-3, PTTP50–1-4 exhibits characteristics of a higher degree of branching, a higher β -glucan content, and a lower molecular weight. In vitro experiments demonstrated that both PTTP50–1-3 and PTTP50–1-4 could increase the alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, PTTP50–1-4 was able to enhance the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by upregulating the expression of Runx2 , Osx , Bmp2 , Ocn , Opn , and Bsp mRNA. These findings suggest that P. ternata polysaccharides with a β -glucan-like structure may possess strong anti-osteoporotic potential, which provides a theoretical foundation for further research and development of P. ternata polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 2.5
Anbang Li,Chang Liu,Ronge Xing,Song Liu,Kecheng Li
Phenol-sulfuric acid method, a classical approach for total sugar quantification, suffers from substantial variation in the colorimetric efficiency among different monosaccharides, which may result in significant measurement bias. In this study, we investigated the colorimetric efficiency of 14 monosaccharides across three different systems and found that the colorimetric efficiency followed the pattern: neutral > acidic > amino monosaccharides. Notably, the colorimetric efficiency of mannose was over 800-fold higher than that of glucosamine. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that functional groups (carboxyl, amino) were the major determinants of colorimetric efficiency. Based on these findings, we assessed three quantitative models for five polysaccharides. The traditional model was suitable for homogeneous glucans (e.g., starch, recovery ∼101.0 %). The dominant monosaccharide model was effective for neutral polysaccharides with a single monosaccharide composition (e.g., mannan, recovery ∼100.5% in the optimized system). In contrast, the weighted model, which integrates molar ratios and individual efficiencies, failed to improve accuracy for complex heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidans, recovery <40.0%). Furthermore, amino groups in polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan) strongly inhibited the reaction, precluding accurate quantification. This study provides a theoretical basis for the precise application of the phenol-sulfuric acid method and offers methodological guidance for the standardization of polysaccharide analysis.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2026
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IF 6.4
Xue-Mei Yang,Xi-Ke Xu,Zhao-Ting Li,Xian-Peng Zu,Xin Chen,Hong-Yuan Dong,Wei-Dong Zhang,Bei Jiang,Yun-Heng Shen
First isolation of the polysaccharide from S. cannabina root. • It alleviates ethanol-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. • SCPC-2 ameliorates ethanol metabolism by regulating ADH, ALDH, and CYP2E1 enzymes. • It activates the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to reduce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. • Provides a strategy for valorization of S. cannabina roots as functional ingredients. This study investigated the structural characteristics, conformational features, and hepatoprotective activity of a polysaccharide (SCPC-2) isolated from the roots of Sesbania cannabina , an underutilized industrial crop widely distributed in saline-alkaline regions. SCPC-2 exhibited an average molecular weight of 7.97 kDa and was composed mainly of mannose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis revealed that SCPC-2 contained diverse glycosidic linkages, including t-Man(p), t-Gal(p), t-Glc(p), and various branched residues, indicating a structurally complex architecture. NMR spectroscopy revealed characteristic oxygenated sugar-ring signals and representative H/C correlations, supporting the general carbohydrate structural features of SCPC-2. In vitro cell model assays demonstrated that SCPC-2 significantly improved the viability of ethanol-injured HepG2 cells. It reduced the levels of transaminases (ALT and AST) and the lipid peroxidation product MDA, while elevating the levels of antioxidants (SOD and GSH) and ethanol metabolism-related enzymes (ADH and ALDH). Mechanistic studies indicated that SCPC-2 alleviated ethanol-induced HepG2 cell damage by coordinately regulating ethanol metabolism and enhancing antioxidant defense via activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that SCPC-2 may be a promising hepatoprotective agent, highlighting the potential for high-value utilization of S. cannabina roots.
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CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
·
2026
·Vol. 23
·期 3
·e03369
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IF 2.9
Xiaoliang Zhao,Lixia Xiong,Haidong Wen,Yuanyuan Ma,Yuxin Wang,Cunjin Wang,Pengcheng Shao,Jing Zhang,Yuhui Zhao,Ji Zhang,Weijie Zhang
The extraction methods significantly affect the yield and structure of polysaccharides. Based on single-factor experiments, response surface methodology optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for corn silk polysaccharides (CSP): liquid-to-solid 43 mL/g, extraction time 3 h, and ultrasonic power 640 W, yielding 5.83% CSP. Sulfated, phosphorylated, and selenylated derivatives (CSP-S, CSP-P, and CSP-Se) were prepared with substitution degrees of 0.6 and 0.4, and selenium content of 5.3%, respectively. After confirming structures by UV, FT-IR, SEM, monosaccharide, and Congo-red analyses, the bioactivities of the modified CSP were compared. All derivatives improved antioxidant capacity in vitro: phosphorylation boosted DPPH scavenging, while sulfation enhanced hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical elimination. Selenylation markedly inhibited the activities of α-amylase and lipase, and promoted glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, demonstrating hypoglycemic potential. Moreover, all polysaccharides enhanced RAW264.7 cell viability, phagocytosis, and nitric oxide (NO) release, with CSP-S being most effective. Chemical modifications markedly improved CSP bioactivities, highlighting their application prospects. Graphical
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ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
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2026
·
IF 10.2
Shuang Jiang,Shulu Zhang,Jingting Han,Zheng Feng,Yeqing Xu,Yao Shen,Yinze Zhong,Xinhui Huang,Ruichen Gao,Xinran Yu,Qingxia Wang,Xiaotian Wu,Lin Wei,Meiting Jiang,Zhibin Wang,Xiaotong Wang,Chunli Gan,Chunjuan Yang
The high-value utilization of underutilized plant resources and waste materials is of considerable significance for the sustainable resource development, agricultural by-product valorization, and the circular economy. In this study, machine learning was integrated with natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), using Syringa oblata Lindl ( S. oblata ) leaf residue polysaccharides (SOLP) as a case study, to establish a green and efficient ultrasound-assisted NADES extraction strategy. Based on multiple machine learning models, the polysaccharide extraction yield and key process parameters were accurately predicted and optimized. The optimal extraction conditions predicted by the model were as follows: NADES water content of 51.4%, NADES to S. oblata leaf residue ratio (DSR) of 42.9 mL/g, ultrasonic time of 41.7 min, and ultrasonic power of 250.0 W. Among the machine learning models, the XGB model exhibited the highest prediction accuracy (test set, R 2 > 0.92). SHAP analysis further revealed that DSR, water content, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic power contributed 58.57%, 21.31%, 12.82%, and 7.29% to the polysaccharide yield, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed to further explore the NADES extraction mechanism. The results demonstrated that the binding energy between NADES-6 and SOLP was significantly better than that in the traditional solvent. The formation of hydrogen-bond interactions promoted dissolution and release of polysaccharides, thereby enhancing extraction efficiency. Structural characterization showed that SOLP was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, and rhamnose, with minor amount of glucuronic acid, glucose, and arabinose. In addition, SOLP exhibited ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Overall, this study establishes a data-driven research framework integrating machine learning, DFT analysis, and NADES-based extraction. In addition to improving polysaccharide extraction efficiency and prediction accuracy, this study also provides a promising strategy for the high-value utilization of natural polysaccharides derived from underutilized plant resources and agricultural residues. Download: Download high-res image (181KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Food Chemistry-X
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Jing-Liu He,Kai-Xin Jiang,Ting Wei,Jin-Lei Geng,Zi-Fan Zhao,Jing Feng,Jie Li,Hong-Yan Liu,Shang Lin,Ding-Tao Wu
To utilize thinned young kiwifruit for potential industrial applications, this study compared structural properties and in vitro bioactivities of pectic polysaccharides isolated from three thinned young red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars, including Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Donghong’, ‘Hongshi’, and ‘Hongyang’. The results demonstrated that these young kiwifruit byproducts were rich in pectic polysaccharides, with extraction yields of 90.7–101.3 mg/g dry weight. Although their bound polyphenols (8.02–8.93 mg GAE/100 mg), esterification degrees (50.45–61.32 %), and molecular weights (7.44 × 10 4 –8.51 × 10 4 Da) varied across cultivars, the glycosidic linkage patterns showed remarkable consistency, dominated by homogalacturonan (12.07–13.84 mol%) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (70.25–75.09 mol%) regions. Notably, all these pectic polysaccharides, particularly those isolated from the ‘Donghong’ cultivar, demonstrated notable antioxidant, antiglycation, prebiotic, and immunoenhancing activities in vitro . These findings indicate that thinned red-fleshed kiwifruit byproducts are rich sources of RG-I enriched pectic polysaccharides, with significant potential as functional food ingredients.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Mingxiao Feng,Qianyu Wang,Minzhen Lei,Dawei Zhang,Qian Yu,Chunyan Yan
Neuroinflammation is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease, where the deposition of amyloid-beta activates microglia, triggering multiple processes that lead to neuronal damage and cognitive decline. However, studies have shown that water extract of Pinellia ternata can improve cognitive function and reduce inflammatory response in the brain injury of mice. Herein, a water-soluble polysaccharide, PTTBP-2-2. with a molecular weight of 11.7 kDa, consisting of D-Glc, D-Gal, D-Xyl, and L-Ara, was isolated from P. ternata . Methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that the of PTTBP-2-2 backbone consisted of →4)- α -D-Glc p -(1→, →4,6)- α -D-Glc p -(1→, and →6)- α -D-Gal p -(1 → residues, with side chains substituted at O -2, O -3, and O -6 positions of →4)- α -D-Glc p -(1→. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PTTBP-2-2 significantly reduced nitrous oxide levels in BV2 microglia cells and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including COX2 , iNOS , TNF-α , IL-1β , and IL-6 . These factors are key mediators of neuroinflammation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of PTTBP-2-2 was mediated through the regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Overall, PTTBP-2-2 shows potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 6
Feifan Cheng,Shihan Huang,Chunlian Zhai,Qian Li,Wei LV,Xueqin Zhao,Biao Huang
Background Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays (TRFIA) have been extensively applied across various fields owing to their low background noise characteristics, particularly in disease diagnosis and prevention. Survival and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are highly dependent on the rapid and accurate detection of myocardial damage. Troponin T (cTnT) is a primary diagnostic biomarker of AMI and is widely used in clinical practice. However, the current bioassays for cTnT detection are complex and time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a sensitivity, and rapid diagnostic approach for acute myocardial infarction. Results Herein, we report a novel, sensitive, and specific cTnT detection approach using a unique nanoprobe dissolution-enhanced fluorescence amplification strategy. Eu2O3 nanocrystals, easily dissolvable in an acidic enhancer solution and transformed into many highly luminescent Eu3+ micelles, were utilized as nanoprobes. The released Eu3+ further activates the time-resolved fluorescence system, which prevents autofluorescence interference and blood scattering, allowing for the accurate determination of cTnT levels in clinical serum samples. The demonstrated sensitivity of serum cTnT was high with a sensitivity of 3.86 ng·L−1. In addition, we developed a Eu2O3-based lateral flow immunochromatographic test strip for facile cTnT detection, with the sensitivity of 14.14 ng·L−1 and 6.31 ng·L−1 using smartphone-integrated app and commercial analyzer respectively. Significance This Eu 2 O 3 -nanocrystal-based dissolution-enhanced luminescent bioassay has tremendous potential for ultrasensitive biomarker detection, enabling ultra-trace detection through lanthanide-specific dissolution. Moreover, the surface-functionalized nanocrystals could selectively recognize a variety of analytes, and have excellent photostability with minimal matrix interference, expanding the direction of lanthanide nanoprobes in multifunctional diagnostic and therapeutic areas.
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