SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Zidong Tan,Yong Zhen,Chang Wei,Xin Jin,Xingbin Li,Gang Fan,XingGuo Luo
In this study, germanium was selectively extracted using an organic phase containing 3% C7-9 hydroxamic acid (YW100), 15% Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), 35% Tri(octyl-decyl) amine (N235), and 47% kerosene from the Ge-slag sulfuric acid leaching solution. Then, the solution was stripped by the 1 mol/L NH4F solution to obtain a germanium extraction ratio of 99.4% and a stripping ratio of 96.2% after three extraction and stripping stages. The total organic carbon (TOC) was used to characterize the total organic matter amount in the raffinate. Compared to the “YW100 + D2EHPA” extraction system, the “YW100 + D2EHPA + N235” extraction system reduced 80% of the water solubility loss of YW100 and improved the phase separation performance. In addition, the mechanisms of germanium extraction and phase separation improvement were studied. The coordination number of YW100 and germanium is 3, while the coordination number of D2EHPA is 1.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE
·
2023
·
IF 2
Lili Cui,Jungang Cao,Shihui Jiao,Guangsheng Pang,Zhonglin Wei
A selective extraction process for recovering vanadium (IV) over chromium was proposed with use of a mixed extractant consisting of di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). The influence of various factors, which included the initial aqueous pH value, the concentration of leach solution and D2EHPA, phase ratio (O/A), extraction equilibrium time and extraction temperature in the extraction process on the separation of V and Cr was investigated. Under the condition of the optimum extraction, vanadium extraction was above 94.0%. Meanwhile, under the optimum stripping conditions, the vanadium stripping was above 93.0% utilizing 1.5 mol/L sulfuric acid as the effective stripping reagent. The regeneration and reusability of the loaded organic phases after stripping were discussed. In addition, continuous three-stage extraction and stripping strategy indicated that the aggregate loss of vanadium was 0.885% and that the purity of vanadium was more than 99.9%. Under the condition of the optimum precipitation, when the pH value of the stripping solution was adjusted to 7.0 with ammonia water, the precipitation efficiency reached 99.93%. The calcination conditions (above 680 °C in air) were finally determined by TG-DTA and TG-MS experiments, and the V2O5 obtained by calcination was characterized by XRD. Additionally, a method for detecting impurity elements in vanadium matrix without interference was established. The recovery technology has practical significance in enlarging production scale, reducing specific energy consumption and cost, and realizing automatic control in vanadium leaching process.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2016
·
IF 2.29
Ying Zhang,Ting-an Zhang,Guozhi Lv,Guoquan Zhang,Yan Liu,Weiguang Zhang
In the present study, the mechanisms and thermodynamics of vanadium extraction by a mixture of bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphorous acid (D2EHPA) and 2-ethylhexyl phosphorous acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA) from sulfate medium were investigated. It was found that the maximum synergistic factors obtained at X D2EHPA = 0.2 and the reaction of the synergistic extraction is exothermical. Results showed that the mixture system in the presence of complexing agents exhibit a higher extraction efficiency and require a lower acid consumption during the stripping process of vanadium. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed that P–O–H and P O of the extractants are responsible for the synergistic extraction of VO 2 + species by cation exchange mechanism and some hydrogen bonds between EHEHPA and D2EHPA formed in the synergistic extraction system. With the slope analysis method, the reaction of the synergistic extraction was mainly predicted.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Chen Li,Yue Jia,Xiaolong Lu,Huayan Chen
Recovery of heavy metal ions from waste water has benefits both in terms of resources reuse and environmental protection. Polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) has received increasing attention as a gentle and simple method compared to other separation techniques for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions. The extractant and matrix are the most important components of the PIM. In this paper, a novel matrix enhanced polymer inclusion membrane (ME-PIM) system containing both octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as the carriers as well as poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) and poly (vinylidene fluoride- co -chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF-CTFE) as the matrix was reported. The SEM results indicate that the PVC has excellent compatibility with OHA and D2EHPA, resulting in dense ME-PIM compared to PVDF-CTFE. The effects of OHA and D2EHPA with different carrier ratios on the transport and the stability of the membrane were examined using Zn (Ⅱ) as a representative of heavy metal ions. The optimal results of this work showed that the initial mass transfer flux value of Zn (Ⅱ) was as high as 4.73 μmol/(m 2 ·s), corresponding to a permeability of 2.21 × 10 −2 m/h, using the ME-PIM composed of 61 wt.% PVC and 22 wt.% OHA + 17 wt.% D2EHPA. All these results suggest that the ME-PIM has a much higher initial mass transfer flux than those of PIMs in literatures. The addition of OHA to PIM introduced extractive functional groups into the polymer chain, forming an efficient and progressive mass transfer path with the extractant D2EHPA. Utilizing two extractants with synergistic effects, this novel ME-PIM system provides a potential advantage in promoting the mass transfer of metal ions in a PIM.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Guopeng Yang,Qinggang Li,Guiqing Zhang,Mingyu Wang,Zuoying Cao,Wenjuan Guan,Jiawei Du,Shengxi Wu
Traditional vanadium extraction process, which involves H 2 SO 4 stripping after solvent extraction followed by ammonium vanadate precipitation, faced the issues of large amount of reagent consumption and discharge of ammonia contaminated wastewater. Hydrogen peroxide stripping and precipitation of vanadium products by heating process was considered as a novel alternative for H 2 SO 4 stripping - ammonium vanadate precipitation route due to the ammonia-free wastewater and high efficiency. However, it was found that the V stripping efficiency was in the range of 54.9% ∼ 97.7% during the pilot test of 3-stage counter-current stripping, which was extremely unstable, as the high stripping efficiency (>95%) could only be achieved in a very short operation time (within 30 s). To solve these issues, the ion species transformation and the stripping mechanism of V with H 2 O 2 were systematically investigated. In this study, experimental results demonstrated that re-extraction led to a decrease of stripping efficiency. The use of D2EHPA alone without TBP as a modifier had a clear effect on prolonging the duration of maximum stripping efficiency at the optimal conditions so that the continuous operation of the pilot test was possible. The optimal stripping conditions were a molar ratio of H 2 O 2 :V of 4:1, phase ratio (O/A) of 3:1, temperature of 20 °C，stripping time of 8 min and the operation time of 3 min which resulted a ∼ 98% V stripping efficiency. In addition, the precipitation of vanadium products by heating, proposed in this work was a cleaner and more efficient V precipitation procedure that didn't require any reagents and produced no wastewater. Eventually, heating the strip liquor at 100 °C for 1 h resulted a precipitation efficiency of 96% V. The intermediate precipitated products (V 5 O 12 ∙6H 2 O and V 10 O 24 ∙12H 2 O) were roasted to obtain V 2 O 5 with a purity of >99%. Finally, the new process saves 885.2 $/t V 2 O 5 compared with the traditional process according to the cost analysis. The research results provide an efficient, clean and economical process for recovering V 2 O 5 from titanium-white waste.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Separations
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 4
·251
·
IF 2.6
Lei Zhou,Yongqing Zhang,Lijin Zhang,Xuefeng Wu,Ran Jiang,Lu Wang
A significant amount of iron from the waste nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery sulfuric acid leachate seriously hinders the separation and recovery of nickel and cadmium. Therefore, an efficient and economical way to remove iron from this leachate is desired. This paper demonstrated the efficient iron extraction from a simulated Ni-Cd battery sulfuric acid leachate with saponified Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). The iron-loaded D2EHPA was then stripped with oxalic acid and the iron was recovered in the form of iron oxalate. This process realizes the efficient separation and high-value recovery of iron. The results showed that the saponification of the D2EHPA greatly promoted the extraction of iron from the Ni-Cd battery sulfuric acid leachate. Under suitable conditions, the iron’s single-stage extraction rate was more than 95%, and the iron’s single-stage stripping rate was more than 85%. Moreover, the iron’s extraction rate was more than 99% after two theoretical extraction stages, and the stripping rate was 95.6% after two theoretical stripping stages. The slope analysis determines that five molecules of D2EHPA were combined with one molecule of Fe3+in the extraction process. The FT-IR analysis shows that the extraction mechanism of Fe3+using the saponified D2EHPA is a cation exchange. These results can help guide the industrial separation and recovery of iron from the waste Ni-Cd battery sulfuric acid leachate.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification
·
2019
·
IF 3.031
Wenbin Xie,Libo Zhang,Jianyu Yang,Lihua Zhang,Shaohua Ju,Yaoyao Luo
Separation of Zn 2+ from sulphate solution containing Ni 2+ and Co 2+ using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) has been carried out in capillary microreactors. Well-defined slug flows are formed at total flow rates of 0.1–4 mL/min, and the slugs size and specific interfacial area are determined. The effects of saponification degree of D2EHPA, extractant concentration, and residence time on extraction and separation of these three metal ions are investigated. Meanwhile, conventional batch experiments at 94 s and equilibrium experiments at 8 h are also done in parallel at different extractant concentrations. Compared with conventional batch experiments, better extraction and separation performance, e.g. 2.7–38.9 times higher of β Zn/Ni and 3.9–34.9 times higher of β Zn/Co , is obtained in the slug flow microreactor. In addition, the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient k L a and overall mass transfer coefficient k L are measured. Compared with other microreactors and the batch mixer-settler, the used slug flow microreactor shows higher k L a values of Zn.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 1.9
Pei Shi,Liping Dong,Yun Li,Yida Li,Nianke Zheng,Hao Yang,Zhongqi Ren,Zhiyong Zhou
An extraction system consisting of di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and kerosene was developed for selective recovery of aluminium ions from the leaching solution of cathode materials of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries. The proposed system could significantly separate nickel, cobalt, manganese, and lithium ions from aluminium ions in the leachate. A four-stage cross-flow extraction process using D2EHPA-TBP-kerosene with 40% saponification degree could recover 99.48% of Al 3+ at pH of 1.68 and O/A phase ratio of 1:1. After one-stage washing and five-stage stripping processes, a stripping solution containing nearly pure Al 3+ could be obtained. Then, the Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ‧ 17H 2 O product was recovered from the stripping solution by the cooling crystallization method with a yield of 92.63% and a purity of 99.32%. The extraction system showed very stable extraction ability during ten consecutive extraction–washing–stripping cycles. Finally, a cation exchange mechanism was explored by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterization.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2018
·Vol. 70
·期 12
·2837-2845
·
IF 2.145
Zhang Weiguang,Zhang Ting-An,Lv Guozhi,Zhou Weihua,Cao Xuejiao,Zhu Hangyu
The solvent extraction and separation process of Sc(III) and Fe(III) from a strongly acidic and highly concentrated ferric solution using mixtures of di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in sulfonated kerosene was studied. The effects of various parameters, including D2EHPA concentration, dosage of TBP, and phase ratio, were investigated for the extraction process. The results indicated that the extraction rate of Sc(III) was 99.72% with 1.09% Fe(III) co-extracted after two stages of counter-current extraction under optimal conditions. Moreover, saturation capacity and slope analysis were used to determine the reaction mechanism. Sc(III) is extracted in the form of HSc(SO 4 ) 2 ·4HL. Further separation of Sc(III) and Fe(III) was realized in a scrubbing and stripping process. First, 98.67% of the co-extracted iron in the loaded organic phase was scrubbed with a dilute HCl solution by a three-stage counter-current scrubbing. Then, 85.00% of Sc(III) can be stripped efficiently with a 2-mol/L NaOH solution saturated in 1-mol/L NaCl by three-stage cross-current stripping.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
分析化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·
IF 3.359
Qihua Shi,Yimin Zhang,Jing Huang,Tao Liu,Hong Liu,Luyao Wang
New extractant and an extractant system are attractive for liquid-liquid extraction. To improve the extraction efficiency and selectivity, the binary extractant system consisting of bis-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic mono-2-ethylhexyl (PC88A) was explored to separate vanadium (V) via synergism from multi-element sulphuric acid leaching solution in this study. The optimal proportion and concentration of extractant was investigated and results demonstrated that the maximum synergistic co-efficient was 1.52 by adjusting the volume ratio to 14:6 (D2EHPA/PC88A) when the extractant concentration was 20% (v/v). Next, the selectivity of the mixture was investigated at different pH values and contact time, which demonstrated better separation of vanadium from primary impurities compared with extraction by D2EHPA or PC88A alone. Furthermore, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra were employed to analyse the mechanism of extraction. The results suggested that the cation exchange (P OH bands) and coordination reaction (P O bands) contribute to vanadium extraction, and the structure of extracted complex was proposed. The formation of a dimer between D2EHPA and PC88A was demonstrated. Finally, after multi-stage counter-current extraction and stripping, V 2 O 5 product with a high purity of 99.07% was obtained by oxidation, precipitation and calcination.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Xinyu Cheng,Dong Shi,Yuze Zhang,Xiaowu Peng,Shaolei Xie,Lijuan Li,Yong Niu,Yuxuan Wang,Fugen Song
Cesium is an important strategic resource, and solvent extraction is the most frequently used technology for its extraction from various minerals and brines. However, this common method faces operational and cost problems owing to large alkali consumption. A synergistic extraction system consisting of 4- tert -butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was designed and used to extract Cs + from an alkali-free solution. The effects of variables such as: (i) pH, (ii) concentration of t-BAMBP and D2EHPA, (iii) temperature, (iv) Cs + concentration, and (v) coexisting cations, on the Cs + extraction performance of the synergistic system were investigated. The most suitable organic phase composition was 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP and 0.1 mol/L D2EHPA in kerosene, and the synergistic coefficient was up to 57 at 25 °C and an organic/aqueous phase volume ratio of 1/1. The extraction sequence of cations using the t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system followed the descending order Cs + > Rb + > Ca 2+ > K + > Li + > Mg 2+ > Na + . The chemical formula of the extracted species was determined as [CsA(HA)(ROH) 2 ] using the slope method. The Cs + extraction process is an exothermic reaction with an enthalpy ( ΔH o ) of −55.3 kJ mol −1 , confirmed by the thermodynamic study. After three-stage countercurrent extraction, the extraction efficiency of Cs + was 92.6%, demonstrating excellent selectivity from coexisting cations. The t-BAMBP–D2EHPA synergistic system showed outstanding economic and environmental advantages and a good application prospect to develop a conceptual process flowsheet for extraction with this system and stripping with HCl to separate cesium salt from salt-lake brine.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 1.5
Xia Hongyang,Zheng Boyuan,Zhao Xu,Huang Yanting,Wang Hongqiang,Hu Eming,Lei Zhiwu,Hu Fang,Wang Qingliang
Uranium (U) and beryllium (Be) are strategic critical metals. It is imperative to realize the comprehensive utilization of U or Be poly-metallic resources. This study employed solvent extraction to separate and recover U and Be from a simulated acidic sulphate leachate from a U-Be associated ore. The results indicated that the mixture extractant system containing bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) had affinity for U, and the selectivity of U towards Be was dependent on the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. 99.74% U and 6.98% Be were extracted with a two-stage counter-current extraction at sulfuric acid concentration of 1.58 mol/L. By using 2 mol/L Na 2 CO 3 solution as the stripping solution, 94.79% U was stripped from the U-loaded organic phase with a one-stage stripping process. After adjusting the pH of the raffinate to 2, with D2EHPA as extractant, 99.76% Be was recovered by performing a two-stage counter-current extraction. Besides, Be could be well stripped from the Be-loaded organic phase with 3 mol/L NaOH solution. And the stripping rate of Be reached 98.85% with a one-stage stripping process. The established method to separate U and Be from sulphate solutions with high acidity has several advantages, including recyclable, reliable, and environmentally friendliness, providing a promising new pathway for the green recovery of U and Be from poly-metallic resources.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）