CRYSTENGCOMM
·
2021
·Vol. 23
·期 44
·7750-7759
·
IF 3.545
Shujie Liu,Bidong Wu,Zhimin Li,Chongwei An,Jingyu Wang
Insensitive energetic materials are still a great challenge for potential applications. In order to study the performance of (3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan/2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-nitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, often referred to as CL-20) DAAF/HNIW, DAAF/HNIW, composite crystals with rod-like structure, spheroid-like structure and microsphere shape are prepared by a recrystallization method, self-assembly and microfluidics technology, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were utilized to characterize the morphology and structure of DAAF/HNIW particles. Results of PXRD and FTIR spectroscopy of microspheres DAAF/HNIW indicated that the structure in the prepared products did not change compared with that of raw DAAF. The impact sensitivity of microspheres DAAF/HNIW could be reduced obviously than that in rod-like and spheroid-like DAAF/HNIW. The microspheres DAAF/HNIW prepared by the microfluidics technology provides an efficient route for the desensitization of energetic explosives and revealed an idea for the fabrication and application of the insensitive energetic explosive DAAF/HNIW.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
爆炸物研究
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Bo Yang,Shengshu Xi,Simin He,Jin Chen,Wei Cao,Rui Li,Rupeng Bu,Xiaona Huang,Jincan Zhu,Qi Wu,Weimiao Wang,Xiaodong Li,Guangcheng Yang
Flake-like energetic crystal has a great potential to achieve initiator explosive with high reactivity, low initiation threshold, high safety, and facile post-processing, but it has been limited for 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) by the difficulties in controlling crystal morphology. Here reported is a microfluidic preparation of flake-like DAAF crystals (f-DAAF) with tunable size by combined effect of the adding of facet-controlling agent (nigrosin alcohol soluble) and tuning of the external crystallization conditions. The results show that the crystal system of f-DAAF belong to monoclinic system, the ( −2 0 1) facet is the largest exposed face. The f-DAAF possess high crystallinity, tunable flake aspect ratio from 6.15 to 66.8 and specific surface area from 2.57 to 5.67 m 2 ·g −1 . Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the selective interactions between the two molecules (facet-controlling agent and solvent) and different crystal faces of DAAF in a real experiment environment. Combined with the experimental results, a possible growth mechanism of the flake-like morphology was discussed. It is found that the f-DAAF not only possess lower impact sensitivity itself, but also can reduce the impact sensitivity of other explosives with high impact sensitivity. The electric explosion derived flyer initiation experiments show that the initiation sensitivity of f-DAAF is much lower than that of raw DAAF in micron size, and comparable to that of ultrafine DAAF. This work demonstrates the promising application potential of f-DAAF as high-performance initiator explosives with low initiation threshold and high safety, and also provides an effective way for their preparation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2025
·
IF 2
Kongyu Dong,Xiaodong Li,Xu Han,Yumei Ji,Yike Yang,Feng Liu
The weaker interface interaction between fluoropolymer binder matrix (F2313) and 3,3ʹ-diamino-4,4ʹ-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) energetic solid particles tends to the formation of “de-wetting” during fabrication, transportation, and storage, causing solid grain collapse, further leading to unsatisfactory explosion effect on the polymer bonded explosive (PBX). Adding neutral polymer bonding agent (NPBA) modified with multiple polar groups is currently the most effective way for reinforcing the composite interface of PBX to inhibit de-wetting. In this contribution, a series of novel NPBA, named 3%FTDI-NPBA, 5%FTDI-NPBA, and 10%FTDI-NPBA, were designed for an F2313/DAAF system by grafting multifunctional FTDI pendants consisting of perfluorobutyl and urethane groups on the side chains of classical NPBA-1. The chemical structure, thermal stability, interfacial properties, and bonding performances of all FTDI-NPBA were systematically investigated. As expected, the introduction of multifunctional pendants could effectively bridge the interface gap between F2313 and DAAF. F2313/DAAF/5%FTDI-NPBA exhibited the best mechanical properties with the Brazilian Disk strength and modulus of 8.16 ± 0.02 MPa and 5.76 ± 0.02 GPa, respectively, 29.52% and 12.50% higher than the system with NPBA-1. Our multifunctional pendants grafting strategy will provide a viable guide for optimizing NPBA.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
CRYSTENGCOMM
·
2019
·Vol. 21
·期 41
·6136-6144
·
IF 3.382
Han Gao,Xiaolu Yao,Ming Huang,Jialin Cai,Zhirong Suo,Guan Luo
In this study, a self-assembled spherical shell and porous spherical structures of 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) were fabricated by a simple surfactant-induced and a solvent-induced method, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize their morphology. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the crystal and molecular structures of both products remained unchanged when compared with the case of raw DAAF. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the thermal behavior of the as-prepared crystals, and the related thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Finally, the self-assembly mechanism has been discussed.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2026
·
IF 6.4
Yanpeng Lyu,Fan Liao,Ligang Zhang,Handong Shi,Guoqiang He,Xintong Han,Jiaoyang Liu,Chuanhao Xu,Chongwei An
High energy and low sensitivity are generally mutually exclusive in energetic materials, and precise regulation of the microstructure is an effective strategy to balance these properties. In this study, CL-20/DAAF composite microspheres with various microstructures—including core-shell, hollow, porous, and irregular hollow structures—were fabricated using a tubular continuous-flow device combined with the principles of phase separation and recrystallization. The influence of the binder on the morphology and properties was also investigated. The results demonstrated that, compared with raw CL-20, the composite microspheres exhibited significantly reduced sensitivity and improved mechanical properties. Specifically, the impact energy increased from 1.75 J to 7.50 J, and the friction sensitivity threshold increased from 108 N to 168 N. The average compressive stress and compressive strain of the PBX charges were enhanced by 22.89%–108.19% and 25.75%–50.28%, respectively, with the 2.5% NC + 2.5% F 2602 composite binder delivering the optimal mechanical performance. In ignition experiments, hollow microspheres showed the highest combustion efficiency, while core-shell microspheres released energy more steadily, achieving a maximum combustion duration of 2175 ms. Theoretical calculations indicated that this composite binder system possesses a higher theoretical detonation velocity. The study confirms that adjusting the microstructure can effectively enhance the combustion and mechanical properties of composite microspheres, thereby balancing high energy with low sensitivity. The tubular continuous-flow self-assembly technology, integrated with phase separation and recrystallization principles, provides a feasible pathway for the controllable construction of composite microsphere architectures and offers a reference for the design and fabrication of other energetic composite microspheres.
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DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2025
·Vol. 155
·期 8
·1-7
·
IF 2.4
He Huichao,Fu Xiaoxue,Guo Yujie,Ke Gaili
Since the traditional approaches for 3,3’-diamino-4,4’-azofurazan (DAAF) synthesis are not environment-friendly and economical enough, the development of green and low-cost approaches for the synthesis of DAAF is valuable and significant. Herein, the electrochemical synthesis of DAAF from the oxidation of 3 4-diaminofurazan (DAF) was studied in different electrode and electrolyte systems. It was found that the pH of alkaline aqueous electrolyte, the solvent of electrolyte and electrode play important role in DAF oxidation into DAAF. In an electrochemical cell with graphite sheet anode, Pt wire cathode and DAF/ n Bu 4 NBF 4 /acetonitrile electrolyte, the optimal DAAF yield of 63% and faradic efficiency above 60% (at 1.80 V vs. Ag/AgCl) were achieved. Mechanism investigations revealed that the electrochemical synthesis of DAAF in such an electrochemical cell is originated from the direct oxidation of DAF on graphite anode, not involving radical pathway. Graphical
研究领域:
电化学
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有机合成
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绿色化学
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材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）