CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2019
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IF 8.355
Hailan Wang,Weiye Shi,Defang Ma,Yanan Shang,Yan Wang,Baoyu Gao
Antibiotics are widespread in water and wastewater, which could react with chlorine to produce disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during disinfection process. Activation of permanganate by bisulfite generates a permanganate/bisulfite (PM/BS) ultra-fast oxidation system, which exhibits more complete oxidation of refractory organics than conventional advanced oxidation processes. This study explored the formation and speciation of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles, haloketones and trichloronitromethane during chlorination of antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and sulfamerazine), as well as the impact of Br - . PM/BS pre-oxidation was further applied to control DBP formation from antibiotics. Only THMs and HAAs were quantifiable. Trichloromethane was dominant in THMs. HAAs derived from ciprofloxacin and sulfamerazine were mostly constituted by monochloroacetic acid, while trichloroacetic acid was dominate in chlorinated chloramphenicol. Sulfamerazine exhibited the highest DBP formation potential (DBPFP), of which trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was 997.14 ± 13.96 μg L −1 and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) was 3767.86 ± 325.09 μg L −1 . Chloramphenicol had very low THMFP, but high HAAFP (1560.29 ± 56.55 μg L −1 ), which was six times higher than that of ciprofloxacin. Adding Br - increased DBPFP and yields of brominated species. PM/BS pre-oxidation (KMnO 4 /HSO 3 − was 1.0/2.5 mM/mM) significantly reduced the DBPFP and chlorine reactivity, and inhibited the utilization of bromine into DBPs with the presence of Br - . After PM/BS treatment, over 50% of the ciprofloxacin in real drug manufacturing wastewater were degraded, and the THMFP decreased by about 50%. Overall. PM/BS process is a promising advanced oxidation technology for antibiotic wastewater treatment and control of DBP formation.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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高级氧化过程
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2024
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IF 6.3
Yu-qiong Gao,Ke-xuan Li,Qian Zeng,Fu-xiang Tian,Ze-ning Fan,Gang-yi Xing,Nai-yun Gao
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and their disinfection by-product (DBPs) formation during the disinfection process have raised widespread concerns. In this study, the effects of common anions on the sonochemical degradation of two model PPCPs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and naproxen (NPX), and their DBPs formation potentials were comparatively explored. The degradation processes followed the heterogeneous kinetic models, indicating PPCPs degradation mainly occurred at the bubble/water interface via radical oxidation. Acidic conditions enhanced sonochemical degradation. Cl − and HCO 3 − have minimal effect, with HCO 3 − moderately enhancing SMX degradation, while Br − notably increased degradation of both PPCPs. Ultrasonic pretreatment reduced trichloromethane (TCM) formation but raised nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) level due to the formed intermediates. Cl − has little effect on DBPs formation, while HCO 3 − obviously diminished N-DBPs formation from both PPCPs. The increase of Br − concentration increased the formation of brominated DBPs (Br-DBPs), while the formation of chlorinated DBPs were inhibited both in direct chlorination and ultrasonic pretreatment followed by postchlorination. Ultrasonic pretreatment also elevated Br incorporation and utilization factors of trihalomethanes (THMs). Of note, although ultrasonic treatment can effectively degrade PPCPs in real environmental matrices, the increase in trichloronitromethane (TCNM) formation potential should be carefully monitored.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理工程
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
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2023
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IF 8.8
Jiafu Li,Jingsi Chen,Zhiyong Hu,Xinyu Li,Mei Li,Yuan Wang,Zengli Zhang,Xiaojun Liang
Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) is a popular disinfectant for swimming pools in China. However, the occurrence and importance of regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in TCCA-disinfected swimming pools are less understood. This study analyzed 12 regulated DBPs (4 trihalomethanes (THMs), 5 haloacetic acid (HAAs), bromate , chlorate, and chlorite) in 85 swimming pool water samples and 17 input tap water samples from one swimming pool for 17 days continuously. Considering water temperature, pH, free chlorine, total chlorine, and urea, most of swimming pool water samples were within the water quality limits for China. Total concentrations of THMs, HAAs, and inorganic DBPs of 20.4–42.2, 82.0–229, and 100–729 μg/L in the swimming pool, and 16.6–28.3, 8.2–12.8, and 64.4–95.6 μg/L in the tap water, indicating inorganic DBPs are the dominant swimming pool and drinking water pollutants. Cancer risk values of regulated DBPs in swimming pools and input tap water are 2.7E-05 and 8.1E-05, respectively, and exceed the US EPA's threshold (1.0E-06). The non-cancer risk is below the US EPA's threshold. Following TCCA disinfection, the concentration and calculated cytotoxicity of regulated DBPs had a 3.6-fold and 1.9-fold increase, respectively. Inorganic DBPs contribute to the calculated concentration and cancer risks of DBPs in swimming pools and tap water at sufficient concentrations warranting regulation. This study provides data on 12 regulated DBPs in TCCA-disinfected indoor swimming pools, highlighting the importance of inorganic DBPs from evidences of concentration, cytotoxicity, and cancer risk for the first time.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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水质
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毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Sciences
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2021
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IF 5.565
Jiabao Li,Haifeng Zhang,Juan Wang,Zhiyong Yu,Hongyan Li,Min Yang
Although disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water have been suggested as a cancer causing factor, the causative compounds have not yet been clarified. In this study, we used liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS) to identify the unknown disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water produced from Taihu Lake source water, which is known as a convergence point for the anthropogenic pollutants discharged from intensive industrial activities in the surrounding regions. In total, 91 formulas of DBPs were discovered through LC-QTOF MS nontarget screen, 81 of which have not yet been reported. Among the 91 molecules, 56 only contain bromine, 15 only contain chlorine and 20 DBPs have both bromine and chlorine atoms. Finally, five DBPs including 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichloro-4-bromophenol, 4-bromo-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 3,6-dibromocarbazole were confirmed using standards. The former three compounds mainly formed in the predisinfection step (maximum concentration, 0.2-2.6 µg/L), while the latter two formed in the disinfection step (maximum concentration, 18.2-33.6 ng/L). In addition, 19 possible precursors of the discovered DBPs were detected, with the aromatic compounds being a major group. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol as the precursor of 4-bromo-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol was confirmed with standard, with a concentration of 20.3 µg/L in raw water. The results of this study show that brominated DBPs which are possibly formed from industrial pollutants are relevant DBP species in drinking water produced form Taihu source water, suggesting protection of Taihu Lake source water is important to control the DBP risks.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 10.8
Xueyao Chen,Yaoming Ge,Wei Shi,Mengting Yang,Qing Zhou,Yang Pan
Drinking water halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have become an increasing health concern. However, the endocrine-disrupting effects of DBPs have not been well evaluated, and the limited available data have inhibited a comprehensive understanding of their health risks. In this study, a total of 43 DBPs were evaluated for their estro-androgenic effects using two types of human breast cancer cells. Among the tested DBPs, 16 exhibited estrogenic/antiestrogenic/androgenic/antiandrogenic effects, and the effects could be observed even at concentrations typically detected in drinking water. Iodinated and polyhalogenated DBPs generally showed higher effects than other species. For a broader comparison, DBP endocrine-disrupting effect data from this study and previous studies were summarized. It was found that the endocrine disruption efficacy of DBPs followed the rank order of iodinated > brominated > chlorinated species, and halophenolic DBPs were potential endocrine-disrupting compounds. Moreover, molecular docking results demonstrated that the binding of DBPs to estro-androgenic receptors was dominated by hydrophobic bonding, hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. The force strength and molecular volume were related to the magnitude of the estro-androgenic effects. Iodinated DBPs and polyhalogenated DBPs tended to have larger binding forces than other analogues and thus exhibited stronger effects.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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公共卫生
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分子生物学
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2021
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IF 9.028
Yun Wu,Wenzhe Wei,Jiayi Luo,Yang Pan,Mengting Yang,Ming Hua,Wenhai Chu,Chendong Shuang,Aimin Li
In recent years, dozens of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with cyclic structures were identified and detected in drinking water globally. Previous in vivo toxicity studies have shown that a few new cyclic DBPs possessed higher developmental toxicity and growth inhibition rate than common aliphatic DBPs; however, in vitro toxicity studies have proved that the latter exhibited higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than the former. Thus, to provide a more comprehensive toxicity comparison of DBPs from different endpoints, 11 groups of cyclic DBPs and nine groups of aliphatic DBPs were evaluated for their comparative in vitro and in vivo toxicity using human hepatoma cells (Hep G2) and zebrafish embryos. Notably, results showed that the in vitro Hep G2 cytotoxicity index of the aliphatic DBPs was nearly eight times higher than that of the cyclic DBPs, whereas the in vivo zebrafish embryo developmental/acute toxicity indexes of the cyclic DBPs were roughly 48–50 times higher than those of the aliphatic DBPs, indicating that the toxicity rank order differed when different endpoints were applied. For a broader comparison, a Pearson correlation analysis of DBP toxicity data from nine different endpoints was conducted. It was found that the observed Hep G2 cytotoxicity and zebrafish embryo developmental/acute toxicity in this study were highly correlated with the previously reported in vitro CHO cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity in aquatic organisms (P < 0.01), respectively. However, the observed in vitro toxicity had no correlation with the in vivo toxicity (P > 0.05), suggesting that the toxicity rank orders obtained from in vitro and in vivo bioassays had large discrepancies. According to the observed toxicity data in this study and the candidate descriptors, two quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were established, which help to further interpret the toxicity mechanisms of DBPs from different endpoints.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
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2023
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IF 12.8
Wuming Wang,Zichong Zhou,Shunke Ding,Wenyuan Yang,Wei Jin,Wenhai Chu,Zuxin Xu
Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB) and bromhexine hydrochloride (BRO) are classic expectorants and bronchosecretolytic pharmaceuticals. In 2022, both AMB and BRO were recommended by medical emergency department of China to alleviate cough and expectoration for symptoms caused by COVID-19. The reaction characteristics and mechanism of AMB/BRO with chlorine disinfectant in the disinfection process were investigated in this study. The reaction of chlorine with AMB/BRO were well described by a second-order kinetics model, first-order in both AMB/BRO and chlorine. The second order rate reaction constant of AMB and BRO with chlorine at pH 7.0 were 1.15 × 10 2 M −1 s −1 and 2.03 × 10 2 M −1 s −1 , respectively. During chlorination, a new class of aromatic nitrogenous disinfection by-products (DBPs) including 2-chloro-4, 6-dibromoaniline and 2, 4, 6-tribromoaniline were identified as the intermediate aromatic DBPs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effect of chlorine dosage, pH, and contact time on the formation of 2-chloro-4, 6-dibromoaniline and 2, 4, 6-tribromoaniline were evaluated. In addition, it was found that bromine in AMB/BRO were vital bromine source to greatly promote the formation of classic brominated DBPs, with the highest Br-THMs yields of 23.8% and 37.8%, respectively. This study inspired that bromine in brominated organic compounds may be an important bromine source of brominated DBPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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药学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
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2018
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IF 3.849
Weirui Chen,Zulin Zhang,Xukai Li,Dan Wu,Ying Xue,Laisheng Li
Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 was first used as an alternative to O 3 to control disinfection by-products generation from chlorinated-disinfection of Br-containing Diclofenac. Accompanying with decrease of TOC , THMs and HAAs had an initial increase, reaching the highest at 30 min, then gradually decreased. Coupling Fe-Cu-MCM-41 with O 3 successfully enhanced TOC removal and inhibited bromate, THMs and HAAs formation in post-chlorination when compared with those in ozonation . Four kinds of THMs and six kinds of HAAs were detected. CHCl 3 was main Cl-THMs and CHBrCl 2 was main Br-THMs. CHCl 2 COOH was the dominant Cl-HAAs and CHClBrCOOH was main Br-HAAs. A converse Br-THMs order was observed in O 3 and Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 pre-treatment. Fe-Cu-MCM-41 decreased ozone exposure, reducing the direct reaction of O 3 with Br − to form bromate. More DBPs precursors in Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 were removed by ·OH. H 2 O 2 , which generated during pre-treatment process, reduced HBrO/BrO − to Br − , inhibiting both its reaction with Br-DBPs precursors and bromate formation. The pre-treatment process changed intermediates’ properties and hydrophilic DOM was the dominant component. Hydrophobic acids and transphilic DOM were the main chlorine consuming intermediates and had major contribution to DBPs formation. Fulvic-like intermediates was suggested as precursors of Br-DBPs. Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 were suggested as a good alternative to O 3 pretreatment.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理工程
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DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
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2023
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IF 12.8
Lei Xu,Shian Song,Nigel J D Graham,Wenzheng Yu
Chlorine-based disinfectants, such as sodium hypochlorite, are extensively used in our daily lives. In particular, during the recent Covid-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period, excessive amounts of chlorine-based disinfectants were used both indoors and outdoors to interrupt virus transmission. However, the interaction between disinfectants and city dust during the disinfection process has not been sufficiently evaluated. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the intrinsic characteristics (e.g. morphology, size, elemental composition, and organic content, etc.) of dust collected from various indoor and outdoor areas. The results showed that the organic carbon content of indoor dust reached 6.14 %, with a corresponding measured dissolved organic carbon value of 4.17 ± 0.23 mg/g (normalized to the dust weight). Concentrations of regulated DBPs, resulting from the interaction between dust and NaClO, ranged from 57.78 ± 2.72 to 102.80 ± 22.63 µg/g for THMs and from 119.18 ± 6.50 to 285.14 ± 36.95 µg/g for HAAs (normalized to the dust weight). More significantly, using non-target analysis through gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-qTOF-MS), we identified a total of 68, 89, and 87 types of halogenated DBPs from three typical indoor and outdoor sites (R-QH, C-JS, and W-BR, respectively). These unknown DBPs included compounds with higher toxicity compared to regulated DBPs. These findings highlight that city dust is a significant source of DBP generation during chlorine-based disinfection, posing potential harm to both the ecological environment and human health.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2020
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IF 3.465
Chen-Yan Hu,Yi-Fan Du,Yi-Li Lin,Shuang-Jing Hua,Yuan-Zhang Hou,Yan-Guo Deng,Ji-Chen Zhang,Si-Cheng Ren,Cheng-Di Dong,Chiu-Wen Chen,Chung-Hsin Wu
Degradation kinetics of the widely used iodinated X-ray contrast medium, iohexol, was investigated in this study by ozone advanced oxidation process (AOP). Factors influencing iohexol degradation, pH, ozone dosage, and the presence of different background ions were also evaluated. Results show that iohexol degradation during ozonation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics well; the degradation rate increased with the increase of pH values and reached a maximum of 1.29(±0.05)×10 −1 min −1 at pH 9. As the ozone concentration gradually increased from 0.342 to 1.13 mg/L, the corresponding pseudo-first-order rate constant of iohexol degradation increased from 7.25 (±0.30)×10 −3 to 5.77(±0.26)×10 −2 min −1 . At pH 7, the presence of background ions have different inhibitory effects on iohexol during ozonation degradation. Br exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect followed by HCO 3 − and CO 3 2- , while Cl possessed negligible influence. Less disinfection by-products (DBPs) were formed at circumneutral pH values and low bromine concentrations (< 10 μM), which can be beneficial for the operation of drinking water treatment plants to supply safe drinking water to the public.
研究领域:
环境科学
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公共卫生
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
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2021
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IF 7.086
Lingxiao Fu,Xiaofeng Wu,Yongbin Zhu,Lei Yao,Chengqiang Wu,Haixiang Cheng,Yiran Xu,Jun Hu,Weijun Gao
Manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) is a Mn deposit widely accumulated in the corrosion layer of pipelines, and iodide (I − ) is a halogen ion frequently detected in waters. The biofilm dwelling on the corrosion scales often secretes extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) into drinking water . The paper aimed to study the I − oxidation by MnO 2 and iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) formation with biofilm EPS as a precursor. More than 93% of formed free iodine was finally converted into organic iodine in the MnO 2 /I − /EPS system. Compared with humic acid , EPS had a lower carbonaceous I-DBPs (C-IDBPs) formation while a higher nitrogenous I-DBPs (N-IDBPs) formation. The formation of iodomethanes (I-THMs), iodoacetonitriles (I-HANs) and iodoacetic acids (I-HAAs) decreased with the increase of pH due to the weakening of polarization effect and redox potential , while the iodoacetamides (I-HAcAms) formation achieved the maximum at pH 6.0 due to the difference between the hydrolysis rate of I-HANs and decomposition rate of I-HAcAms. The I-DBPs formation was positively correlated with I − concentration, while negatively correlated with MnO 2 dose. Protein components displayed a higher formation of N-IDBPs and C-IDBPs than polysaccharide components due to higher nitrogen proportion and more iodination sites. Among 20 protein monomers , aspartic acid was considered as the most important precursor of the four investigated I-DBPs species. The paper is helpful to understand the I-DBPs formation when I − in the bulk water come into contact with Mn deposits attached by biofilm.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 9
Yuqiong Gao,Tingting Yu,Kexuan Li,Juxiang Chen,Haijun Huang,Fuxiang Tian,Hongxin Shen,Cong Li
Ultrasound (US) coupled with persulfate (PS) forms an efficient AOP for degrading emerging contaminants. However, information on the key factors governing the US/PS synergy and underlying mechanism is still limited. In this study, venlafaxine (VEN) was selected as the model compound to systematically examine the effects of key parameters (e.g., ultrasonic frequency, power, PS dosage, and initial pH) as well as the water matrix on the synergy of the US/PS process. Additionally, compounds with varying physicochemical properties were chosen to elucidate their roles in this synergy. The results showed that elevated ultrasonic frequency and power accelerated VEN degradation but they diminished the process synergy. In contrast, a higher PS dosage and acidic conditions enhanced the synergy. Although anions and humic acid exerted little influence on US alone, they inhibited the US/PS process to varying degrees, thus reducing its synergy. Notably, log K OW was a key factor influencing the US degradation rate and US/PS synergy. Furthermore, SO 4 ●– reactivity was found to moderately influence the synergy. To elucidate VEN degradation mechanisms, LC/TOF/MS and DFT calculations identified transformation intermediates and pathways, while COMSOL simulations characterized ultrasonic reactor hydrodynamics (pressure, temperature, and velocity fields) under varying power levels. Although a few products identified via ECOSAR prediction exhibited higher toxicity, the overall toxicity could be reduced by prolonging the US/PS treatment time. Finally, a preliminary experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of US/PS pretreatment on the formation potential of DBPs. US/PS pretreatment promoted the formation of trichloronitromethane during post-chlorination, whereas alternative disinfectants (NH 2 Cl and ClO 2 ) were effective at suppressing it. This study deepens the mechanistic understanding of the key factors that govern the effectiveness of the US/PS process for micropollutant remediation in water.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）