KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
·
2020
·Vol. 37
·期 3
·497-504
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IF 2.69
Qiao Sen,Cao Hongjie,Yang Yue,Jin Ruofei,Zhou Jiti
Membrane fouling is the main bottleneck that hinders the applications of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 4,5-Dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), as an environmentally-acceptable antifouling biocide, was mixed with Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to fabricate hollow fiber membrane via non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), which was able to effectively improve the antifouling performance of the membranes in this work. Overall research of the prepared membrane revealed that membranes with 3 wt% DCOIT exhibited the optimum antifouling performance. With the addition of DCOIT, hydrophilicity and pure water flux of 3 wt% DCOIT membranes maintained remarkable improvement by 22.9% and 64.6% than that of membranes without DCOIT. Meanwhile, the surface morphologies of 3 wt% DCOIT membranes were smoother than the control group in terms of SEM and AFM images, which was beneficial to alleviate membrane fouling. In antifouling experiments, the flux variation rate of membranes with 3wt% DCOIT filtrated in bull serum albumin, sodium alginate and humic acid solution were 81.42%, 54.25%, 50.5%, while membrane without DCOIT were 64.6%, 24.72% and 29%, respectively. Similar results were obtained by filtrating anaerobic sludge for 24 h. The flux variations of 3 wt% DCOIT membranes were 59.4%, 47.8% and 46.0%, respectively in three stages. However, the flux variations of membranes without DCOIT were 44.8%, 36.7% and 19.8%, respectively, which showed better antifouling ability and higher flux recovery efficiency The novel membranes would provide some theoretical basis and technical support for the rational combinations in elevating the overall antifouling properties of membranes.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
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生物技术
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Junqiao Zhou,Jiayin Li,Cong Cheng,YuJuan Yao,Yu Li,Hao Liu,Laiyan Wu
As a marine antifouling biocide, 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) exhibited high toxicity to marine organisms. This study investigated the interaction between DCOIT and human serum albumin (HSA) using several spectroscopic techniques combined with computer prediction methods. The UV–vis absorption spectra, Stern-Volmer constant ( K SV ) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) results indicated that DCOIT caused static quenching of HSA fluorescence. The ΔG° , ΔH° and ΔS° values were −31.03 ± 0.17 kJ·mol −1 , −133.54 ± 0.88 kJ·mol −1 and −348.46 ± 2.86 J.mol −1 ·K −1 , respectively, suggesting that van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds governed the spontaneous formation of the complex. Synchronous fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy observed the burial of Trp residues within HSA and the unfolding of HSA secondary structure induced by DCOIT. Three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) further detected DCOIT-induced loosening of HSA peptide chain structure. Site displacement experiments indicated that DCOIT binding at site I of HSA. Computational predictions indicated that hydrophobic interactions were also essential in the complex. The increased RMSD, Rg, SASA, and RMSF confirmed that DCOIT weakened the stability and compactness of HSA, rendering residues more flexible. Lastly, esterase activity assays demonstrated that DCOIT inhibited esterase activity and interfered with the human detoxification process.
研究领域:
生物化学
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环境毒理学
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药物化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2026
·
IF 6.5
Xiaoyu Zhu,Yahui Shang,Heng Ni,Yuwei Wang,Chuang Ban,Zhenyan Cui,Sitong Dong,Yu Shi,Dajing Xia,Yihua Wu
DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) is an antifouling biocide widely used as an alternative to organotin compounds. While previous studies had focused on its effects on energy production, endocrine disruption, and lipid metabolism, its impact on aging and underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of DCOIT (37, 370 and 3700 ng/L) significantly impaired both lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans . RNA-seq and validation assays revealed that DCOIT upregulated comt-4 , a key gene in dopamine metabolism, leading to dopamine depletion and subsequent induction of oxidative stress. This redox imbalance critically contributed to accelerated aging phenotypes. Importantly, both genetic ( comt-4 RNAi) and pharmacological (opicapone) interventions restored dopamine levels, alleviated oxidative stress, and reversed DCOIT-induced aging deficits. Our study established the comt-4 /dopamine/oxidative stress axis as a central mechanism in DCOIT toxicity, suggesting dopamine modulation as a potential countermeasure against environmental toxicant-induced aging.
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Materials Today Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Peng-Yu Zhu,Tian-Xiao Liang,Muhammad Arslan Hafeez,Muhammad Yasir,Dan-Qing Feng,Chun-Feng Ma,Cheng Zhang,Lin Liu
The issue of biofouling on marine structures carries significant economic and ecological implications, necessitating the development of effective and durable antifouling coatings. Traditional organic antifouling coatings often struggle with mechanical robustness in harsh marine environments, making them fragile and highly susceptible to abrasion. To address these challenges, we propose a novel “bifunctional domain engineering” strategy for designing robust antifouling coatings that combines excellent mechanical strength of a Fe-based amorphous layer and high antifouling efficacy of an incorporated organics. The hard domains consist of Fe-based amorphous micro humps, providing a sturdy framework that enhances the coating's mechanical durability. In contrast, the soft domains comprise epoxy resin infused with Cu 2 O and 4,5-Dichloro-2- n -octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), offering a dual-action antifouling function via controllable antifouling agent release. Evaluation of antifouling performance by lab tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , and Chlorella algae and practical marine field tests (for 150 days) demonstrates significant reductions in bacterial and algal adhesion (nearly 100 % resistance) with the bifunctional domain engineered coating (referred to as HSR coating), compared to pure amorphous coating . Mechanical durability tests, including abrasion and erosion experiments, underscore the HSR coating's excellent wear resistance. Importantly, the HSR coating maintains its outstanding antifouling properties even after 1000 abrasion cycles, highlighting its potential for long-term marine applications in harsh conditions. This study lays the groundwork for design of robust antifouling coatings capable of withstanding the harsh operating environments while effectively combating biofouling.
研究领域:
材料科学
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海洋生物学
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生物医学工程
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2023
·
IF 13.6
Mengyuan Liu,Jing Li,Jiali Li,Bingsheng Zhou,Paul K.S. Lam,Chenyan Hu,Lianguo Chen
The application of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) as an antifouling biocide causes high toxicity to non-target marine organisms. To examine the developmental cardiotoxicity and mechanisms of DCOIT, we concurrently performed sub-chronic exposure and life-cycle exposure experiments using marine medaka embryos. After sub-chronic exposure to DCOIT at 1, 3, 10, and 33 μg/L, cardiac defects were caused by upregulation of cardiac gene transcriptions, decreasing heart size, and accelerating heartbeat. Hyperthyroidism in medaka larvae was identified as the cause of developmental cardiotoxicity of DCOIT sub-chronic exposure. In addition, parental life-cycle exposure to 1, 3, and 10 μg/L DCOIT led to transgenerational impairment of cardiogenesis in offspring medaka. A crossbreeding strategy discriminated a concentration-dependent mechanism of transgenerational cardiotoxicity. At 1 μg/L, the DCOIT-exposed female parent transferred a significantly higher amount of triiodothyronine (T3) hormone to offspring, corresponding to an accelerated heart rate. However, DCOIT at higher exposure concentrations modified the methylome imprinting in larval offspring, which was associated with cardiac dysfunction. Overall, the findings provide novel insights into the developmental cardiotoxicity of DCOIT. The high risks of DCOIT—even at environmentally realistic concentrations—raise concerns about its applicability as an antifoulant in a marine environment.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Fengqin Li,Yang Zhou,Yuxue Hu,Xiaoming Feng,Guizhong Tian
Marine biofouling is a significant threat to the economic efficiency and sustainable development of global marine industries. Conventional antifouling coatings, which rely on a single antifouling mechanism, struggle to adapt to complex marine environments. The challenge of seamlessly integrating multi-level antifouling strategies into coatings through a facile approach remains unresolved. This study innovatively developed a super slippery drug-loaded nanofiber composite coating with dynamic interfacial regulation capabilities through an integrated electrospinning-electrospray in situ process. A biodegradable polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), served as the electrospinning base material, into which the eco-friendly antifoulant DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) was incorporated during fiber formation, constructing a porous drug-loaded nanofiber matrix. Concurrently, in situ electrospray was employed to dynamically deposit silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles onto the nanofiber surfaces, forming a modified porous matrix. Subsequent infusion of lubricant oil produced a super slippery drug-loaded modified film (SSLID). The modified film demonstrated excellent hydrophobicity and antifouling performance, achieving synergistic multi-level antifouling effects. This fabrication strategy provides an efficient and adaptable approach for developing functional composite coating films, offering broad application prospects in marine antifouling technologies.
研究领域:
海洋科学
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材料科学
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表面工程
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纳米技术
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环境科学
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高分子科学
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生物技术
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 41
·51214
·
IF 3.125
Yan Song,Kaifeng Chen,Jingjing Wang,Yuan Liu,Jingzhi Yang,Dawei Zhang,Tao Qi,Guo Liang Li
It is highly desirable to develop self-healing anticorrosion coatings with enhanced antibacterial function to prevent the scratched area to be fouled or corroded in harsh environments. Herein, we report antibacterial self-healing anticorrosion coatings via the simple incorporation of the easily synthesized single polymer microcapsule system. Well-defined polymer microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a healing agent and 4,5-dichloro-2- n -octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) as antibacterial molecules were synthesized by one-pot polymerization. The diameter and core fraction were around 30 μm and 90%, respectively. The active DCOIT content in the core material could be precisely controlled by adjusting the DCOIT/IPDI feeding ratio. The DCOIT/IPDI microcapsules-embedded protective coating exhibits an adaptive self-healing anticorrosion property, as shown by electrochemical test under the condition of the salt-water immersion. Furthermore, the self-healing coating showed efficient antibacterial function against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which is due to the released active biocide molecules on the damaged surfaces. In contrast to other systems, this single capsule system without any catalyst is perspective for extending the service time of the antibacterial self-healing materials in harsh environment.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化工
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腐蚀科学
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高分子科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Royal Society Open Science
·
2024
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·
IF 2.9
Ze Liu,Nan Zheng,Jie Liu,Bo Jia,Xiaojun Wang,Pan Yao,Yayu Zhang,Fu Xia,Xinyu Guo
Marine biological fouling is a widespread phenomenon encountered by various oceanic ships and naval vessels, resulting in enormous economic losses. Herein, novel 4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-isothiazolone@sodium alginate/chitosan microcapsules (DCOIT@ALG/CS) were prepared through composite gel method using DCOIT as core materials, ALG and CS as shells, and CaCl2 as the cross-linking agent. The formed microcapsules (MCs) with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were then filled in UV-curable polysiloxane (UV-PDMS), followed by UV irradiation to yield UV-PDMS/microcapsules/AgNPs (UV-PDMS/MCs/Ag) composite coatings. The constructed micro–nano dual-scale surface using the MCs and AgNPs improved the antifouling and antibacterial properties of UV-PDMS/MCs/Ag coatings. The as-obtained UV-PDMS/MCs/Ag coatings exhibited a static contact angle of about 160°, shear strength of 2.24 MPa, tensile strength of 3.32 MPa and elongation at break of 212%. The synergistic bacteriostatic effects of DCOIT and AgNPs in UV-PDMS/MCs/Ag coatings resulted in a bactericidal rate of 200 μg ml−1 towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with saturation at 100% within 10 min. In sum, the proposed composite coatings look promising for future marine transportation, pipeline networks and undersea facilities.
研究领域:
材料科学
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海洋技术
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化学工程
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生物技术
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PubMed
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2021
·
IF 4.539
Abid Ali,Yue Xiao,Lina Song,Jiankun Hu,Qingqing Rao,Muhammad Shoaib,Bilal Ul Amin,Xiaoli Zhan,Qinghua Zhang
The colonization of tiny marine organisms on ship's hull which are connected directly from seawater , is a costly issue. Biofouling contributes to enhanced hydrodynamic drag, which leads to higher consumption of fuel and greenhouse gas emissions . Therefore, the environment-friendly solution is very necessary for anti-biofouling activity. For this purpose, we have synthesized biodegradable polyurethane (CL-PU) composed of ε-CL and 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H 12 MDI) and 1,4 butanediol (1,4 BD). The synthesized CL-PU was further modified with 4, 5-dicholoro-2-octyl-isothiazolone (DCOIT) and clay by mixing of the solution to make composites. Our study showed that CL-PU/DCOIT/clay composite degraded in the artificial seawater (ASW), enzymatic solution and seawater (through laboratory test) due to the contents of clay. Because the existence of clay reduced the size of the spherulite of polycaprolactone (PCL) in the composite, therefore remarkably improved the crystallinity as determined via the polarizing optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The composite acted as carrier of antifoulant (DCOIT) and controlled their release rate. The anti-bacterial and anti-diatom experiments exhibited that the composite with DCOIT contents were effective in preventing the accretion of Escherichia coli ( E.coli) (region inhibition 14 mm) and marine diatom Navicula incerta (82.5% reduction). The degradable CL-PU/DCOIT/clay composite will have tremendous durability and excellent anti-fouling activity for marine biofouling owning to sustainability and tunability without being toxic to aquatic biota.
研究领域:
材料科学
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海洋生物学
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环境科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Shuqing Wei,Guangling He,Yuhao Yue,Qianju Liu,Xinhao Liu,Liangmin Yu,Lei Dong
The hydration layer and low elastic modulus of hydrogel give it great potential for application in the field of marine antifouling. The combination of hydrogel materials with self-polishing antifouling resins will endow the self-polishing antifouling resins with more antifouling mechanisms. In this study, a self-polishing antifouling resin coating which can form hydrogel microlayer in water was prepared, and the structure of hydrogel microlayer was adjusted by adjusting the content of self-crosslinking monomer N-hydroxymethacrylamide (HAM). With the increase of HAM content, the hydrogel microlayer is more obvious. Meanwhile, the formation of hydrogel microlayer made the resin coating have better antifouling performance: the water-based self-polishing resin coating (HAM3) with significant hydrogel microlayers reduced the relative adsorption area of proteins from 41.48 % to 9.56 %, in comparison to the TIPSMA5 coating with an insignificant hydrogel microlayer, and the more obvious the hydrogel layer, the less number of algae attached to resin coating (The minimum attached number of Chlorella was 7.6 × 10 2 /mm 2 and Nitzschia closterium was 6.1 × 10 2 /mm 2 ). The construction and reinforcement of the hydrogel microlayer enabled the coating to exhibit a slow release of the antifouling agent 4, 5-dichloro-2-octylisothiazolinone (The antifouling agent release rate of the HAM3 coating was reduced from 1.0 μg·cm −2 ·d −1 for the TIPSMA5 coating to 0.15 μg·cm −2 ·d −1 ), and the hydrogel microlayer also enabled the resin coating to exhibit good drag-reducing properties. The water-based self-polishing antifouling resin, capable of forming hydrogel microlayers, is of considerable importance for enhancing the performance of water-based antifouling coatings and reducing the cost of coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
海洋生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Jiayin Li,Guangmeng Chen,Shuaipeng Wang,Jinyue Dai,Shuan Liu,Guangming Lu,Weiwei Zhao,Xiaoqing Liu
Traditional self-polishing marine antifouling coatings are mainly based on thermoplastic acrylic resins and polyurethanes, seawater degradable thermosetting resins are rarely reported. Here, we synthesized a seawater degradable epoxy resin (DIGE) containing pyrrolidone structure as the film former. The degradation rate and antifoulant releasing rate of the antifouling coatings (DIGE-EPs) were controlled by compounding DIGE with the commercial epoxy resin E51 in various mass ratios. The hydrolysis of pyrrolidone structure by ring-opening in weakly alkaline environment increased the hydrophilicity and influenced the electron density of neighboring ester bond electron clouds, which enhanced the hydrolysis of ester bonds. This allowed for the formation of a self-renewing surface. This degradation process was well monitored by surface topography, surface roughness, mass loss and surface water contact angle in the artificial seawater conditions. Antimicrobial tests revealed that DIGE-EP coatings maintained efficient antibacterial properties even after two months of hydrolysis, with the bactericidal rate reaching 99.7 % and 99.9 % against E. coli and S. aureus , respectively. In addition to the role of antifouling agent release from the inside of resin matrix, more importantly, it was related to the intrinsic antifouling property of the resin, resulting from the in-situ formed β-amino alcohol structure during curing and its nice hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the coating had excellent film properties, along with adhesion exceeding 8 MPa and impact strength reaching 90 kg·cm, which met the long-term use requirements. These combined advantages provide valuable insights for developing effective solutions to complex marine biofouling challenges.
研究领域:
材料科学
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海洋生物学
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DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Jiaxin Zhang,Libing Cai,Lin Wang,Lianhui Zhang,Nan Meng,Andong Chen,Qiao Ma
The organic booster biocide DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) is widely used in marine antifouling systems, yet its ecological impacts on sediment microbiomes remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated absolute quantitative 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and enzyme activity assays to examine microbial responses to DCOIT exposure (0–50 μg/g sediment) over 30 days. DCOIT induced oxidative stress and bioenergetic impairment, accompanied by reduced microbial activity and inhibition of key enzyme-mediated processes involved in organic matter turnover and nitrogen transformation. Absolute quantification revealed a compensatory increase in total microbial abundance by Day 30, despite persistent diversity loss and community restructuring. Metagenomic analysis showed that DCOIT disturbed functional potentials related to carbon and nitrogen cycling. Kordiimonas, Aliikangiella, and Neptuniibacter emerged as potential contributors to nitrogen transformation, whereas Marinobacter was more closely associated with potential DCOIT transformation. DCOIT exposure also enriched adaptive traits, including chemotaxis, motility, quorum sensing, and biofilm regulation, and was accompanied by increased multidrug efflux systems and heavy metal resistance determinants. Our findings provide novel insights into the ecotoxicological risks of isothiazolinone biocides and highlight the potential for DCOIT to undermine sediment ecosystem functions and microbial habitat health. Given its extensive application, this study emphasizes the need to consider the microbial ecological consequences of DCOIT accumulation in seafloor environments.
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