Biosensors-Basel
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·5
·
IF 4.9
Jianxiao Fang,Yunting Jia,Zelong Liao,Bairui Qi,Tao Huang
The early monitoring of cardiovascular biomarkers is essential for the prevention and management of some cardiovascular diseases. Here, we present a novel, compact, and highly integrated skin electrode as a mechanical–electrochemical dual-model E-skin, designed for the real-time monitoring of heart rate and sweat ion concentration, two critical parameters for assessing cardiovascular health. As a pressure sensor, this E-skin is suitable for accurate heart rate monitoring, as it exhibits high sensitivity (25.2 pF·kPa−1), a low detection limit of 6 Pa, and a rapid response time of ~20 ms, which is attributed to the iontronic sensing interface between the skin and the electrode. Additionally, the electrode functions as a potassium ion-selective electrode based on chemical doping, achieving an enhanced response of 11 mV·mM−1. A test based on the real-time monitoring of a subject riding an indoor bike demonstrated the device’s capability to monitor heart rate and sweat potassium ion levels reliably and accurately. This advancement in wearable technology offers significant potential for enhancing patient care based on the early detection and proactive management of cardiovascular conditions.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
可穿戴设备
·
传感器技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Coatings
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 5
·829
·
IF 3.4
Rundong Wang,Shuangjiang Feng,Yanyun Wang,Chengqian Li,Xiaohai Bu,Yuzhong Huang,Man He,Yuming Zhou
Electronic skin (E-skin) is increasingly utilized in modern society, yet current E-skin technology suffers from issues, such as opacity, hardness, and fragility. To address these challenges, a novel E-skin was developed using polyurethane (PU) as the matrix material and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as the sensing material. By leveraging the small degree of microphase separation and lack of crystallization in the PU, combined with the appropriate length–diameter ratio of the AgNWs, the resulting E-skin exhibited a visible light transmittance of 75%. The E-skin also showed excellent self-healing properties (83.63% efficiency in the third repair) and mechanical properties (with almost no degradation after 60 tensile cycles) due to the reversible dynamic cross-linking network within the PU. The synergistic effect of PU and AgNWs resulted in exceptional sensing performance for the E-skin, with a gauge factor of 46 (when ε = 10%). Moreover, the E-skin demonstrated signal stability during human joint motion monitoring and successfully identified different movement states, highlighting its potential for diverse applications. This research presents a simple yet effective approach for producing transparent, durable, and stable E-skin.Keywords:electronic-skin (E-skin);strain-sensor;self-healing;polyurethane;AgNWs;spraying;transparent;UV blocking
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
生物医学工程
·
电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 19
Yanting Xu,Xiaoru Dong,Shiqing Zhou,Chaoran Xu,Guoqing Yang,Zhuo Li
Electronic skin (e-skin) that adapts to dynamic environments requires simultaneous regulation of moisture and heat transport while maintaining reliable sensing capability. Here, a temperature-responsive electrode based on a polypyrrole@poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)@cellulose acetate)/poly[ N,N -dimethyl (methacryloylethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate]@cellulose membrane (PPy@PCA/PCM) bilayer is reported, which exhibits complementary wettability switching and reversible unidirectional water transport. At low temperatures, the electrode preserves moisture and heat, maintaining skin hydration level and temperature ≈4 and ≈5 °C higher than bare skin, respectively. At elevated temperatures, the wettability gradient reverses, promoting sweat evaporation and heat dissipation, with hydration level and temperature ≈6 and 4.2 °C lower than bare skin, respectively. Integrated into e-skin, the electrode enables real-time hydration and temperature sensing while dynamically regulating moisture and thermal flux when the environment changes, avoiding skin erythema after long-term wear. Moreover, the PPy@PCA/PCM electrode shows excellent mechanical durability, chemical stability, and cytocompatibility. This adaptive electrode design offers a versatile strategy for multifunctional e-skin that simultaneously ensures physiological signal fidelity and enhances user comfort under varying conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
可穿戴传感器
·
智能材料
·
热管理
·
柔性电子学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 19
Yue Yao,Ziyang Fan,Xinglong Gong,Danyi Li,Wei Yang,Ken Cham-Fai Leung,Xinyi Wang,Shuai Liu,Junjie Yang,Shouhu Xuan
Electronic skin (E-skin) that emulates the human skin's three basic functions (perception, protection, and thermoregulation) has broad applied potential in smart healthcare and human-machine interaction (HMI). To fully realize the integration functions and simulate the structure of real skin, this work reactivates the “dead leather” back to intelligent E-skin (Leather/Ag/Polyborosiloxane elastomer) and further develops its application in harsh scenarios. The Ag nanowires/flakes incorporated leather fiber acts as the dermis layer to endow the E-skin with good electric conductivity, force sensitivity, and electrothermal management. The hierarchical structure allows the incident electromagnetic waves to be reflected and absorbed multiple times, possessing a superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding value (≈75 dB). Due to the unique rate-dependent shear stiffening effects originated from the polyborosiloxane elastomer, the E-skin achieves significant force buffering capacity (≈47%) and excellent energy dissipation (over 85%). Moreover, the LAP E-skin exhibits unconventional sensing behavior, including piezoresistive sensing and impact stimulation, allowing for differentiation between low-energy and high-energy stimuli. On this basis, an elegant smart vest is successfully developed with exceptional thermal therapy, accurate contact perception, and wireless impact monitoring, demonstrating broad potential in the next generation of wearable protective equipment and smart robotics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
智能穿戴设备
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 12.5
Yiqi Li,Yuchun Zhao,Minghao Wang,Bingle Li,Yehan Li,Simian Fu,Yumo She,Ruonan Liu,Ye Tian
Electronic skin is a flexible, stretchable smart material widely used in fields such as healthcare, robotics, and smart wearables. However, electronic skin still faces multiple challenges in sensitivity, conductivity, biocompatibility, and data processing. In this study, we report a multifunctional hydrogel, named PIPC, prepared by semi-interpenetrating networks of acrylamide and inulin, combined with ionic interactions. The PIPC hydrogel exhibits adhesion, conductivity (≈5.2 S/m), high fracture strength (≈60 kPa), and stretchability (with a maximum strain of up to 1552 %). Notably, its gauge factor (GF) reaches 5.54, demonstrating exceptional strain sensitivity. The introduction of inulin significantly enhances the biocompatibility of the PIPC hydrogel, making it more suitable for contact with the human body. Using PIPC e-skin, we have successfully realized human-machine interaction systems such as real-time control of mechanical hand, game interaction, and emergency signal sending. This study highlights the tremendous potential of PIPC hydrogel e-skin in biomedical monitoring, smart sensing, and human-machine interaction technologies.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Huacui Xiang,Zhijian Li,Zhou Bai,Haiwei Wu,Guodong Liu,Hongwei Zhou,Hanbin Liu
Wearable human–machine interaction remains a huge challenge when various flexible electronics have been developed to date, for which the information input seems more difficult than the information output such as display devices. Here in this work, an e-skin for handwriting input was disclosed based on a double network hydrogel of gluten protein and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that is cross-linked by borax. The hydrogel can tightly adhere onto human skin, being stretchable, self-healable, and working properly even under breakage, which perfectly match the requirements of the e-skin for human–machine interaction. Under the assistant of deep learning, the handwriting of letter and words on it can be recognized with high accuracy of above 89%, even under tensile state or destruction. In addition, this flexible device is biocompatible and biodegradable benefiting from the protein and PVA networks, which make it suitable as a wearable e-skin and being free of electronic wastes. The finding of this work may open a window for the development of e-skin for the two-way human–machine interaction.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
人工智能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 29.1
Guangxiang Gu,Qiheng Liu,Hongwei Gao,Jinyang Zhang,Zhong Lin Wang
The rapid identification of chemical composition, temperature, and dynamic behavior of leaked liquids by robots during accidental spills of hazardous chemicals would significantly reduce the potential risks to both human health and the environment. Here, we designed a flexible, palm-shaped liquid-sensing e-skin (PSLSES) featuring 128 metal electrodes fabricated via flexible printed circuit (FPC) technology and coated with a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film. By capturing the local triboelectrification signals along the droplet's trajectory, PSLSES enables multimodal dynamic liquid sensing, simultaneously achieving liquid composition identification, temperature sensing, as well as droplet motion tracking through visualized trajectory patterns. Integrated with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), PSLSES achieves an ultrahigh identification accuracy of 99.5% across 21 types of liquids, with a high monitoring resolution down to the ppb level and 98% accuracy in identifying liquid temperature. This includes deionized water, acids, bases, salts, and organic solutions, demonstrating broad liquid identification versatility. Compared with previously reported E-skin systems, it achieved faster identification (0.3 s), a lower detection limit (0.1 ppb), broader liquid recognition, and higher accuracy. The integration of PSLSES into wearable robotics systems opens new ways for robots to assist humans in analyzing and handling chemical leakage in hazardous environments.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2021
·
IF 9.229
Xue-Feng Zhao,Xiao-Hong Wen,Shu-Lin Zhong,Meng-Yang Liu,Yu-Hang Liu,Xue-Bin Yu,Ru-Guang Ma,David Wei Zhang,Jia-Cheng Wang,Hong-Liang Lu
Skin-like electronics that can provide comprehensively tactile sensing is required for applications such as soft robotics, health monitoring, medical treatment, and human–machine interfaces. In particular, the capacity to monitor the contact parameters such as the magnitude, direction, and contact location of external forces is crucial for skin-like tactile sensing devices. Herein, a flexible electronic skin which can measure and discriminate the contact parameters in real time is designed. It is fabricated by integrating the three-dimensional (3D) hollow MXene spheres/Ag NW hybrid nanocomposite-based embedded stretchable electrodes and T-ZnOw/PDMS film-based capacitive pressure sensors. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first stretchable electrode to utilize the 3D hollow MXene spheres with the essential characteristic, which can effectively avoid the drawbacks of stress concentration and shedding of the conductive layer. The strain-resistance module and the pressure-capacitance module show the excellent sensing performance in stability and response time, respectively. Moreover, a 6 × 6 sensor array is used as a demonstration to prove that it can realize the multiplex detection of random external force stimuli without mutual interference, illustrating its potential applications in biomimetic soft wearable devices, object recognition, and robotic manipulation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
机器人技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Device
·
2025
·
IF 8
Xinyi Ke,Yifan Duan,Yifei Duan,Zhe Zhao,Chunyu You,Tingting Sun,Xingyu Gao,Ziyu Zhang,Wen Xue,Xuanyong Liu,Yongfeng Mei,Gaoshan Huang,Junhao Chu
Electronic skin (e-skin) mimics the sensing abilities of human skin and offers sensitivity and flexibility, which has garnered attention for medical health monitoring. Nonetheless, limitations in the properties of active materials and signal-to-noise ratio hinder the implementation of multi-functional detection such as integrating biomolecular sensing, motion detection, and electrocardiography in a single device. Here, we introduce a strategy of preparing a multi-functional e-skin that utilizes a composite material combining self-locking chitosan and conductive metal-organic framework film, achieving high-performance motion detection and biomolecular sensing. The integration of deep learning, specifically transformer neural networks, aids in recognizing subtle facial micro-expressions. A sensing array is crafted by utilizing a rapid assembly method that supports discerning more attributes with heightened precision.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
人工智能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
·
2024
·Vol. 24
·期 11
·18327-18335
·
IF 4.3
Zihan Wang,Kai-Chong Lei,Huaze Tang,Yang Luo,Hongfa Zhao,Peisheng He,Wenbo Ding,Liwei Lin
Vibration perception can help robots recognize their dynamic states to explore the surrounding environment. However, the intrinsic stretchability of soft robots poses challenges to integrating vibration sensors. This study introduces an innovative stretchable electronic skin (e-skin) that facilitates vibration proprioception in soft robots. Constructed with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm, this ultrathin e-skin is produced using a screen-printing technique with liquid metal particles (LMPs), incorporating a kirigami design for seamless integration. The e-skin works by the triboelectric nanogenerator-based sensing mechanism, which transduces mechanical vibration into an electrical signal without an external power source. By analyzing the vibration signals generated by the dynamic motions of soft robots, the e-skin shows a wide range of applications. From the vibration signal of the soft robotic finger’s sliding motion, 17 different textures can be distinguished with 99% accuracy. Furthermore, analysis of the vibration signal from a soft robotic gripper’s swinging motion enables the estimation of both the type and weight of grains inside the container it grips, achieving accuracies of 97.7% and 95.3%, respectively. As such, this work presents a new approach to realizing the vibration proprioception of soft robots, thereby broadening the applications of dynamic proprioception in soft robotics.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
柔性电子
·
软体机器人学
·
传感器技术
·
人机交互
·
智能材料
·
纳米能源
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Small
·
2023
·Vol. 19
·期 39
·2301593
·
IF 13.3
Shilei Han,Xinrong Zhi,Yifan Xia,Wenyu Guo,Qingqing Li,Delu Chen,Kangting Liu,Xin Wang
Electronic skin (E-skin) with multimodal sensing ability demonstrates huge prospects in object classification by intelligent robots. However, realizing the object classification capability of E-skin faces severe challenges in multiple types of output signals. Herein, a hierarchical pressure–temperature bimodal sensing E-skin based on all resistive output signals is developed for accurate object classification, which consists of laser-induced graphene/silicone rubber (LIG/SR) pressure sensing layer and NiO temperature sensing layer. The highly conductive LIG is employed as pressure-sensitive material as well as the interdigital electrode. Benefiting from high conductivity of LIG, pressure perception exhibits an excellent sensitivity of −34.15 kPa −1 . Meanwhile, a high temperature coefficient of resistance of −3.84%°C −1 is obtained in the range of 24–40 °C. More importantly, based on only electrical resistance as the output signal, the bimodal sensing E-skin with negligible crosstalk can simultaneously achieve pressure and temperature perception. Furthermore, a smart glove based on this E-skin enables classifying various objects with different shapes, sizes, and surface temperatures, which achieves over 92% accuracy under assistance of deep learning. Consequently, the hierarchical pressure–temperature bimodal sensing E-skin demonstrates potential application in human-machine interfaces, intelligent robots, and smart prosthetics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
人工智能
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
npj Flexible Electronics
·
2023
·Vol. 7
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 14.6
Shang Chao,Xu Qunhui,Liang Nengmin,Zhang Jianpeng,Li Lu,Peng Zhengchun
Tactile sensing has been a key challenge in robotic haptics. Inspired by how human skin sense the stress field with layered structure and distributed mechanoreceptors, we herein propose a design for modular multi-parameter perception electronic skin. With the stress field sensing concept, complex tactile signals can be transformed into field information. By analyzing the stress field, the real-time three-dimensional forces can be resolved with 1.8° polar angle resolution and 3.5° azimuthal angle resolution (achieved up to 71 folds of improvement in spatial resolution), we can also detect the hardness of object in contact with the electronic skin. Moreover, we demonstrate random assembly of the sensing arrays and integration of our electronic skin onto differently curved surfaces do not lead to any measurement variation of the stress field. This result reveals that the sensing elements in our electronic skin system can be modularly made and exchanged for specific applications.
研究领域:
机器人学
·
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）