Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by oxidative stress, immune system imbalance, and the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. Traditional treatment approaches are limited by the incomplete eradication of pathogens, the risk of antibiotic resistance, inadequate control of inflammation and oxidative stress, and restricted tissue regeneration capacity. Therefore, this study proposes an injectable multifunctional Laponite/gelatin hydrogel loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-copper ion (Cu 2+ ) complexes as a localized therapy for periodontitis. EGCG exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties; however, its clinical application is hindered by poor stability and bioavailability. Cu 2+ coordination enhances EGCG stability and antioxidant capacity while improving its antimicrobial efficacy. Experimental results demonstrate that the Laponite/gelatin hydrogel is adaptable for the localized delivery of EGCG-Cu, with bioactive metal ions such as Li + , Mg 2+ , and Si 4+ contained in Laponite, which promote osteogenesis and periodontal tissue regeneration. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm that this hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility, effectively inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis , suppresses M1 polarization while promoting M2 polarization, and facilitates periodontal tissue repair. Therefore, this study provides promising insights into a localized therapeutic strategy for periodontitis.
Skin wound infection represents one of the most frequent complications in the management of surgical diseases, significantly delaying healing processes and potentially leading to life-threatening conditions. Bacterial invasion promotes biofilm formation, which increases local reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, disrupts the wound microenvironment, and compromises regenerative capacity. Conventional treatments often fail to effectively eradicate deep biofilm-associated infections, while prolonged antibiotic use fosters multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm persistence, underscoring the urgent need for novel antibacterial approaches. In this study, a multifunctional hydrogel dressing is developed that integrates MXene nanosheets with a metal-phenolic network (EGCG-Cu) and the nitric oxide (NO) donor BNN6. This composite hydrogel enables near-infrared (NIR)-triggered photothermal therapy and simultaneous NO release, resulting in synergistic antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , along with effective biofilm eradication. The EGCG-Cu coating further confers remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by scavenging ROS and modulating cytokine expression. In a murine model of infected wound healing, the hydrogel accelerated tissue repair through enhanced collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and regulation of the immune microenvironment. This non-antibiotic strategy provides spatiotemporal control over antibacterial and healing-promoting functions, demonstrating considerable promise for the treatment of complex wound infections.
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