Stored-product pests are a major problem in food production and storage. Essential oils (EOs) have been reported to have a wide range of insecticidal activities. In this study, the EOs of flowers and leaves from Elsholtzia stauntoni were analyzed for their chemical composition by GC–MS. The two EOs and their two common main components (cuminol and caryophyllene) were evaluated for their bioactivities against T. castaneum adults. Results of GC–MS analysis indicated that the chemical composition of EOs of flowers and leaves from E. stauntoni had certain similarity and diversity. The two same major components of EOs of flowers and leaves were cuminol (27.81% and 27.62%, respectively) and caryophyllene (5.78% and 10.95%, respectively). The results of bioassays indicated that the EOs of flowers and leaves possessed obvious contact toxicities (LD 50 = 19.05 and 18.75 µg/Adult, respectively) and repellent activities against T. castaneum . In addition, the EOs of flowers (LC 50 = 16.26 mg/L Air) showed the higher fumigant toxicity than that of leaves (LC 50 = 44.42 mg/L Air). Cuminol and caryophyllene exhibited contact toxicity and repellency against T. castaneum , but showed no fumigant toxicity. In particular, cuminol was still significantly repellent to T. castaneum within the testing concentration range of 78.63–0.13 nL/cm 2 after 48 h. Furthermore, cuminol and caryophyllene exhibited synergistic contact activity against T. castaneum in all experimental ratios. Altogether, it suggests that EOs of E. stauntoni and their two major monomers have promising potential to serve as bio-insecticides for controlling T. castaneum .
This study investigated the biological activity of essential oils (EOs) and their main components (caryophyllene and cuminol) against Tribolium castaneum larvae and Lasioderma serricorne adults. EOs were extracted from both flowers and leaves of Elsholtzia stauntoni. The results indicated that the EOs derived from both flowers and leaves, as well as their main components (caryophyllene and cuminol), exhibited contact activities with LD50 values of 35.11, 43.66, 15.44, and 26.05 μg/larva, respectively, against T. castaneum larvae. Moreover, they demonstrated obvious contact toxicities with LD50 values of 14.15, 11.18, 17.81, and 13.91 μg/adult, respectively, against L. serricorne adults. Additionally, EOs from both flowers and leaves exhibited fumigant activities against T. castaneum larvae (LC50 = 24.42 and 62.54 mg/L) and L. serricorne adults (LC50 = 15.26 and 24.29 mg/L). Furthermore, the EOs of flowers and leaves and their main components (caryophyllene and cuminol) remained significantly repellency to T. castaneum larvae and L. serricorne adults within the testing concentration range of 78.63-15.83 nL/cm2 after 12 h of exposure. These findings suggested that the EO from E. stauntoni and its two major components could potentially be developed as a natural insecticide for controlling T. castaneum larvae and L. serricorne adults.
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