Performance enhancement of Fe-C materials for Cu 2+ removal, removal capacity, and pH range of applicability is achieved through the environmentally friendly, long-lasting magnetic fields in this study. Specifically, the utilization of the magnetic field to the Fe-C materials significantly improves the performance of Cu 2+ removal in contrast to the single Fe-C, which also brings about improvement under various water condition parameters. The concentrations of Cu 2+ , Cu + , Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in solution were monitored, and the relevant properties of Fe-C materials were characterised. Results showed that Cu 2+ was removed by reduction of Fe-C material either in solution or after adsorption onto the surface of the material. Additionally, the magnetic field accelerated the exposure of the active sites present in the material, leading to the acceleration of adsorption of Fe-C to Cu 2+ for reduction and removal, as well as accelerating mass transfer. In addition, the magnetic field facilitated Fe-C materials' active sites and expedited the adsorption of Fe-C onto Cu 2+ for reduction and removal, as well as accelerated mass transport. Furthermore, it was verified that MF maintained a positive reinforcing impact on the Fe-C micro-electrolysis system for eliminating other heavy metal ions, with a particular emphasis on paramagnetic heavy metal ions. This research has expanded our understanding of the mechanism underlying Fe-C/MF micro-electrolysis system, and aided in the application in Fe-C/MF micro-electrolysis system for the remediation of heavy metal ions present in water environment.
Ruixue Shi,Tianbao Liu,Jing Lu,Xiangjing Liang,Andrei Ivanets,Junqin Yao,Xintai Su
Biochar derived from municipal sludge can be applied to adsorption. But it usually requires activation and pickling due to the generation of impurities such as metal oxide particles, which is uneconomical. Here, a facile strategy, acidification-one-step calcination, was developed and sludge-based Fe–C materials with good Cr(VI) removal effect were obtained by regulating the amount of hydrochloric acid . The results show that the adsorption capacity of Fe/C-5 (the best sample) for Cr(VI) was 150.84 mg g −1 . According to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, the removal of Cr(VI) by Fe/C-5 is spontaneous and endothermic chemisorption process. In addition, Fe/C-5 has good ability to remove Cr(VI) under the interference of coexisting ions, and has good cycle stability. The removal of Cr(VI) by Fe/C-5 is considered to be synergistic process of adsorption and reduction. The Fe atoms were highly dispersed in Fe/C-5 and tightly bonded with C atoms, which not only strengthened the Cr(VI) adsorption by electrostatic attraction, but also activated the C atoms in the biochar material, so that the C atoms can reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under acidic conditions. This may be due to the fact that acid pretreatment converted the iron in municipal sludge in the form of Fe–O/OH to free Fe 3+ and entered the C lattice during the calcination process. In this work, Fe–C materials with excellent Cr(VI) adsorption capacity were prepared by one-step calcination method, which has important reference significance for the resource utilization of municipal sludge.
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