Dawei Zhou,Peixue Wang,Yan Long,Yuqing Fei,Youquan Deng
The thermal cracking behavior of diethyl hexamethylenedicarbamate (EHDC) was investigated in this work. The polymers formed under different conditions were analyzed by IR and TG, indicating that the polymers were mixtures of EHDC, polyureas, imines and others. The polymers could be converted to EHDC by a simple alcoholysis reaction for the first time over Fe–Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the yield of EHDC could reach up to 52% with 99% selectivity over 8% Fe–3% Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. The catalysts were extensively characterized by BET, XPS, XRD, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD, showing that the interaction effect between Fe species and Ni species may be attributed to high catalytic performance of the catalyst. Meanwhile, the loss of active components resulted in decreased catalytic activity.
Da Cui,Peng Zhang,Shuang Wu,Hon Man Luk,Yixi Wu,Bin Liu,Shuo Pan,Jingru Bai,Qing Wang,Xuehua Zhang
Oil shale has garnered significant attention as a supplementary energy source to traditional fossil fuels. In this study, we investigated the catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of shale oil sludge using three catalysts (Fe, Na 2 CO 3 , Ni/Al 2 O 3 ) and three combinations in pairs. The hydrothermal oil (HTO) yield, energy recovery (ER), and conversion rate (CR) of organic matters were comprehensively analyzed under six catalyst conditions. Both Fe + Na 2 CO 3 and Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 paired catalyst combinations achieved similar HTO yields of 28.43 % and 28.13 % along with ER values of 56.19 % and 57.94 % respectively. Moreover, these two groups achieved remarkably high CR values of 81.88 % and 81.02 %, respectively. The HTO from the Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 combination has the highest H/C ratio and the lowest O/C ratio at 1.682 and 0.032, respectively. Elemental composition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of HTO were conducted in this study. The HTO produced by using Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 exhibited the most ideal distillation distribution, with fractions below diesel accounting for up to 96.94 %. Based on the catalytic functions of Fe, Ni, and Al 2 O 3 , six potential synergistic mechanisms of Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 were summarized. These mechanisms highlighted Fe + Ni/Al 2 O 3 's roles in promoting compound conversion pathways in HTO, ultimately revealing the synergistic catalytic mechanism.
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