Kané Rabé,Lifen Liu,Noor Ahmed Nahyoon,Yizhen Zhang,Ahmed Mahmoud Idris,Jiaqi Sun,Lixin Yuan
We have prepared and studied a novel low cost catalyst of g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2, using a simple process involving the formation of zero valence iron by chemical reduction . This ternary catalyst g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2 was characterized using XRD (X-Ray diffraction), UV–vis spectrum, EDS (Energy Dispersive spectrum) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy), it demonstrated high-visible-light activity in a wide range of pH condition, it can photo-catalytically degraded Rhodamine B (RhB), Tetracycline (TC), and Berberine hydrogen chloride (BH) (∼98% in 90 min) under visible light. The high activity arises from the increased harvest of more visible light and the improved separation of photo-excited electrons and holes via Z-scheme and heterojunctions mechanism. Also, the time required to remove 100% RhB, TC, and 96% BH can be shortened from 90 min to 60 min by introducing 3.18 mM Na 2 SO 3 to this photocatalysis system that assisted the generation of reactive oxidizing species and pollutant degradation. The results showed promising application prospect for this developed catalyst and the tested photocatalysis pollutant degradation system.
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) is of great interest in the environmental pollutant remediation with energy recovering. Herein, enhancement in photocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride (TC) with electricity generation was achieved in a single reactor of PFC with paired stainless-steel mesh electrode loaded with anodic g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2 and cathodic WO 3 catalyst (at various pH, 0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 , 10 Ω external resistance) with visible light and without light. With light, TC molecules were successfully removed (97.3% in 90 min, at initial and optimal pH 5), while generating 0.98 V cell voltage and 24 W m −2 power density, simultaneous removal of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TOC (total organic carbon) was 91.3% and 95%, respectively, suggesting superior mineralization that can be explained by the excitation of the anodic triple component g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2. In contrast, without light, the removal of COD, TOC and the cell voltage were much lower (48.8%, 65.3%, 0.78 V). In dark, the fuel cell is self-driven and self-biased, forming potential gradient and degrading pollutants. The effects of solution pH, initial TC concentration on degradation and power generation were evaluated. This PFC degrading TC can maintain high photocatalytic activity and high power output capacity after 5 cycles with light. Without light, the electricity generation capacity was 50–70% that in visible light PFC. These features reveal that fuel cell with g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2 photo anode and WO 3 photocathode has great application potential for removing refractory pollutants from wastewater.
Kané Rabé,Lifen Liu,Noor Ahmed Nahyoon,Yizhen Zhang,Ahmed Mahmoud Idris
Degradation of pollutants can be integrated with electricity generation in Photocatalytic fuel cell under light irradiation or self-powered fuel cell in the dark. In fuel cell driven by electrode reactions , the electrode reduction and oxidation transforms chemical energy in pollutants into electrical energy. In this work, Rhodamine B and coking wastewater were treated, using an efficient Z-scheme g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2 as an anodic catalyst and WO 3 as a cathodic catalyst. After 100 min of reaction in a single chamber fuel cell with 10 Ω of external resistance, in 0.05 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte, the paired stainless-steel electrodes loaded respectively with g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2 and WO 3 , degraded 98% Rhodamine B and generated 0.95 V cell voltage under 50 W visible-light irradiation, while removed 60% RhB and generated 0.5 V without light. To investigate the PFC performance of g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2 in treating real coking wastewater, at optimal pH 2, 91% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 89% total organic carbon (TOC) were removed and generated 0.3 V cell voltage. The influence of pH on photocatalytic degradation performance and cell voltage are evaluated. The high cell voltage is attributed to the very low impedance of the g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 0 (1%)/TiO 2 loaded anode. The excellent electrochemical properties of paired electrodes help in generating higher current density , due to the increased photocatalyst activity of the tridimensional catalyst as proved by electron spinning resonance spectrum, photoluminescence , and Electric Impedance Spectrum analysis.
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