Efficient peroxymonosulfate activation through a simple physical mixture of FeS2 and WS2 for carbamazepine degradation
In this study, carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation was evaluated by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation after the simultaneous introduction of FeS 2 and WS 2 . For FeS 2 /WS 2 /PMS system, 99% of CBZ was removed within 40 min under the conditions of 100 mg/L FeS 2 , 150 mg/L WS 2 , 0.2 mM PMS, and initial pH 6.7. The apparent rate constant ( k obs ) of CBZ degradation in the FeS 2 /WS 2 /PMS system (0.108 min −1 ) was about 3.0- and 13.5-folds of that in FeS 2 /PMS system (0.036 min −1 ) and WS 2 /PMS system (0.008 min −1 ). Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments indicated that hydroxyl radical, sulfate radical , superoxide radical, and singlet oxygen participated in the CBZ degradation. The catalytic reaction mechanism was proposed, and W on the surface of WS 2 was the main reactive site to accelerate the regeneration of Fe(II) in the FeS 2 , which played a dominant role in PMS activation. The degradation pathways of CBZ in the FeS 2 /WS 2 /PMS system were put forward, and the ecotoxicity of CBZ and its degradation by-products was evaluated. A distinguishing performance of CBZ degradation in the successive six runs was shown. The work indicated the FeS 2 /WS 2 /PMS system was an efficient advanced oxidation process with promising engineering application due to its simple operation, high efficiency, and stability for the degradation of the organics from water.
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