BiOCl/Ti 3 C 2 catalyst was synthesized via a hydrothermal method and combination with self-assembly technology. The crystal phase, microstructure, surface chemical state, and optical properties of BiOCl/Ti 3 C 2 catalysts were investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM/TEM, XPS, and DRS technologies. The enhanced catalytic performance of BiOCl/Ti 3 C 2 catalysts were demonstrated by the degradation of the organic pollutants in visible light irradiation/Fenton-like synergistic system. The degradation results revealed that the catalytic degradation efficiency of the BiOCl/Ti 3 C 2 catalysts presents the first increasing and then decreasing trend with the rise of Ti 3 C 2 content. And the BiOCl/Ti 3 C 2 catalyst with 8-wt% Ti 3 C 2 exhibited highest degradation efficiency in the light irradiation/Fenton-like synergistic system, whose removal rate of RhB was 97.80% within 10 min, which was significantly higher than that in the sole visible light irradiation (83.58%, 10 min) and that in the sole Fenton-like system (only 3.11%, 10 min). The result verified that the visible light irradiation and Fenton-like system has a positive synergistic effect for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of the BiOCl/Ti 3 C 2 catalysts. The influence of environmental conditions such as catalyst dosage, H 2 O 2 dosage, and the anions on the catalytic performance were also investigated. The results showed that with the increase of catalyst dosage and H 2 O 2 dosage, the rate constant ( K value) also increased. The presence of Cl -1 in the system was advantageous for improving the catalytic degradation efficiency, whereas the presence of CO 3 2- in the system significantly inhibited catalytic degradation efficiency. The degradation mechanism revealed that the existence of Ti 3 C 2 in the BiOCl was beneficial for improving the ability of photo-generated charge carrier separation. The active free radicals such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), superoxide radicals (· \({\text{O}}_{2}^{ - }\) ), and photo-generated holes (h + ) plays the main role for organic pollutants degradation.
The deposal of residual hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in Fenton-like system and the requirement of oxygen in bioreactor are essential parts for the treatment of integrative Fenton-like/bioreactor. A novel low-cost integrative Fenton-like and MnO 2 -filled upward flow biological filter bed (Fenton-like/MBFB) equipped with the modified ceramsite was constructed to evaluate the main properties and catalytic activity of modified ceramsite, and the optimal conditions of integrative system and compare integrative and traditional systems. In this study, the Fenton-like reactor with modified ceramsite had higher catalytic ability whose Acid Orange 7 (AO7) degradation efficiency reached to 79.3% due to large surface area and high porosity, compared with that with raw ceramsite (44.3%). Furthermore, total utilization efficiency of H 2 O 2 in integrative system (from 32.41% to 53.51%) and removal efficiencies of COD and AO7 were remarkably improved, which would effectively decrease the waste of H 2 O 2 and the setting of regulation pool and aeration tank. Thus, the integrative system can save 0.51 CNY/m 3 in construction cost and 0.21 CNY/m 3 in operating cost. The average COD removal efficiency, AO7 degradation efficiency and effluent DO concentration were achieved to 64.8%, 79.5% and 9.3 mg/L respectively in integrative system were achieved in integrative system during sixty successive runs. Also, the potential degradation pathway of contaminants was also proposed according to the OH-enhanced at Fenton-like reactor due to catalyst and adsorption of modified ceramsite and the removal of microorganisms and modified ceramsite for contaminants at MBFB. This study demonstrated the feasibility of integrative Fenton-like/MBFB filled with modified ceramsite for simultaneously decreasing operational cost and complexity and enhancing removal efficiency, thus provided a one-step alternative for refractory dye wastewater.
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