CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
·
2018
·Vol. 66
·期 6
·608-611
·
IF 1.258
Jiaxin Li,Yujie Wang,Jian Xue,Pengsi Wang,Shangmei Shi
To investigate the dietary exposure risk of flonicamid application on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the effect of flonicamid on constituents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, field experiments were conducted in Fengqiu, Henan province, and flonicamid residue in samples collected was detected by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). And chlorogenic acid and luteoloside were determined by HPLC. Dietary exposure risk assessment was conducted through comparing the estimated daily intake (EDI) which was calculated by using the consumed residual level along with the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The effect of flonicamid on chlorogenic acid and luteoloside were obtained by ANOVA statistical analysis and least significant difference (LSD)-t test. The results showed that the terminal-residue contents of flonicamid were under 1.6 mg kg−1. And risk quotient ranged from 0.0011 to 0.0028, indicating the long-term exposure to flonicamid residual through consumption of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in consumers was relatively low. Flonicamid could suppress the generation of luteoloside, so it was not advised to be used in L. japonica flowering phase. The study aims at providing the useful suggestion on the reasonable flonicamid usage and the reference for the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) of flonicamid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos.
研究领域:
植物学
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药理学
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食品安全
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PubMed
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4
Tengfei Liu,Jianguo Niu,Yuying Gao,Xuan Liu,Jianya Su
Flonicamid is an insecticide with a unique mode of action, primarily inhibiting the feeding behavior of sap-sucking insects. However, its molecular target remains controversial. Reports indicate that both flonicamid and pymetrozine affect insect behavior and mobility. To investigate further, we compared the susceptibility of three insect species ( Myzus persicae , Nilaparvata lugens , and Drosophila melanogaster ) to flonicamid and pymetrozine under two different feeding postures. Results showed that feeding posture did not affect the survival curves or mean lifespans of the three insects. However, insect lifespans were significantly reduced under exposure to either insecticide compared to untreated controls. The effects of the two insecticides on susceptibility and lifespan under different feeding postures were markedly different: feeding posture significantly influenced the sensitivity of aphids, planthoppers, and fruit flies to pymetrozine but had minimal effects on the sensitivity of aphids and planthoppers to flonicamid. Flonicamid had only a minor impact on fruit flies' sensitivity. Survival curve analysis also revealed significant differences under pymetrozine stress, while no such differences were observed under flonicamid stress. These findings indicate that flonicamid exerts different toxicological effects on target insects (aphids and planthoppers) versus non-target insects (fruit flies), depending on feeding posture. This suggests that the toxicological mechanisms of flonicamid differ substantially between target and non-target organisms, with implications that findings in non-target insects may not directly apply to target pests. Our study provides valuable insights and directions for further research into flonicamid's mode of action, aiding in elucidating its underlying mechanisms.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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毒理学
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农药科学
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Tianyi Zhang,Changwei Gong,Jian Pu,Anchun Peng,Jizhi Yang,Xuegui Wang
Solenopsis invicta, an extremely destructive invasive species, has rapidly spread in China, with queens exhibiting chemical tolerance. In this study, bioassays were conducted on S. invicta colonies collected in Nanchong, revealing that the LC50 value of flonicamid for queens (3.91 mg/L) was significantly higher than that for workers (1.07 mg/L). Comparative analysis of transcriptomes of workers and queens treated with flonicamid revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 and drug metabolism by cytochrome P450 pathways. Based on the screening of transcriptome data, CYP6AQ83 might be involved in the detoxification metabolism of flonicamid in queens. After RNA interference, the sensitivity of queens to flonicamid was significantly increased by 30% in the treatment of the dsCYP6AQ83 group. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of CYP6AQ83 in Drosophila melanogaster also significantly enhanced the tolerance against flonicamid. These results indicated that the overexpression of CYP6AQ83 in the queen enhances the tolerance against flonicamid.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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害虫防治
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高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 23
·8615
·
IF 4.927
Tao Zhang,Yue Xu,Xuan Zhou,Xiaojie Liang,Yang Bai,Fengshou Sun,Wenwen Zhang,Ning Wang,Xiuyu Pang,Yuekun Li
The chemical insecticide flonicamid is widely used to control aphids on crops. Differences among crops make the universality of detection methods a particularly important consideration. The aim of this study was to establish a universal, sensitive, accurate and efficient method for the determination of flonicamid residues in peach, cucumber, cabbage and cotton. QuEChERS pretreatment was combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A satisfactory recovery rate of 84.3–99.3% was achieved at three spiking levels, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.41–5.95%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of flonicamid in the four matrices was 0.01 mg/kg. The residue and dissipation kinetics of flonicamid in four types of crops in various locations were determined by using the optimized method. The results showed that flonicamid had a high dissipation rate in the four different types of crops and a half-life in the different matrices and locations of 2.28–9.74 days. The terminal residue of flonicamid was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL). The risk quotient (RQ) of flonicamid was 4.4%, which is significantly lower than 100%. This result shows that the dietary risk presented by using flonicamid at the maximum recommended dose is low and acceptable. The comprehensive long-term dietary risk assessment of flonicamid performed in this study provides a reference for the protection of consumer health and safe insecticide use.Keywords:flonicamid;QuEChERS;dissipation;final residues;dietary risk assessment
研究领域:
农业科学
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食品安全
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Tian-yi Zhang,Chang-wei Gong,Jian Pu,An-chun Peng,Xu-yang Li,Yu-meng Wang,Xue-gui Wang
Solenopsis invicta is a main issue in southern China and is causing significant damage to the local ecological environment. The extensive use of insecticides has resulted in the development of tolerance in S. invicta . In our study, ten S. invicta colonies from Sichuan Province exhibited varying degrees of tolerance against flonicamid, with LC 50 values from 0.49 mg/L to 8.54 mg/L. The sensitivity of S. invicta to flonicamid significantly increased after treatment with the P450 enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Additionally, the activity of P450 in S. invicta was significantly enhanced after being treated with flonicamid. Flonicamid induced the expression levels of CYP4aa1 , CYP9e2 , CYP4C1 , and CYP6A14 . The expression levels of these P450 genes were significantly higher in the tolerant colonies compared to the sensitive colonies, and the relative copy numbers of CYP6A14 in the tolerant colonies were 2.01–2.15 fold. RNAi feeding treatment effectively inhibited the expression of P450 genes, thereby reducing the tolerance of S. invicta against flonicamid. In addition, the overexpression of CYP6A14 in D. melanogaster resulted in reduced sensitivity to flonicamid. Our investigations revealed hydrophobic interactions between flonicamid and seven amino acid residues of CYP6A14, along with the formation of a hydrogen bond between Glu306 and flonicamid. Our findings suggest that flonicamid can effectively control S. invicta and P450 plays a pivotal role in the tolerance of S. invicta against flonicamid. The overexpression of CYP6A14 also increased tolerance to flonicamid.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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毒理学
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4
Yan Sun,Tayyab Shaheen,Jiali Guo,Bingjie Shi,Miaohan Li,Xiaoyan Li,Yongqiang Li,Gunghui Tang
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, one of the most economically destructive pests, causes a significant threat to various crops and has evolved with varying levels of resistance to various types of chemical insecticides. Flonicamid, a novel systemic insecticide, is commonly employed to control sucking insect pests owing to its high efficacy and relatively non-hazardous nature. In this study, the A. gossypii population (F 40 ) exhibited a resistance ratio of 19.68 to flonicamid, with a realized heritability ( h 2 ) of 0.09. F 40 displayed a negative cross-resistance (CR) between flonicamid and several insecticides, such as pirimicarb, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam, while demonstrating minimal CR with lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin. Analysis of the fitness characteristics indicates that the F 40 exhibits a relatively lower fitness of 0.83 and a reduced net reproductive rate when compared to the F 0 strain. The enzyme activity assays suggest that the F 40 strain has a significant increase in activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450s) and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Furthermore, the F 40 strain exhibits a higher nicotinamidase (NAMase) enzymes activity (1.48-fold) and a significant upregulation of the nicotinamidase gene ( Naam ) expression (2.92-fold) compared to the F 0 strain. Taken together, our results suggest that A. gossypii shows a low propensity for developing resistance to flonicamid and little cross-resistance to typical insecticides. The sustained efficacy of this insecticide could be achieved through strategic rotation or temporary cessation of its use in conjunction with other insecticides. The enhanced activity of P450s, UGTs and NAMase in the F 40 strain may co-contribute to the flonicamid resistance in A. gossypii .
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Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 17
·3104
·
IF 6
Yan Fu,Quansheng Wang,Liang Zhang,Yinliang Wu
Flonicamid is a systemic pyridinecarboxamide insecticide used to control sap-sucking pests in agricultural crops. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of flonicamid and its metabolites, N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycine (TFNG), 4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide (TFNA-AM), and 4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid (TFNA) in rice plants, brown rice, rice husks, paddy soil, and paddy water. Method validation showed average recoveries of 73–115% with relative standard deviations of 1.1–9.9% across different matrices at three fortification levels. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the dissipation, degradation, and transformation of flonicamid in the paddy ecosystem, and the dietary risk was assessed. Field dissipation followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 5.8, 2.9, and 7.1 days in rice plants, paddy soil, and paddy water, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, degradation proceeded markedly faster under aerobic than anaerobic conditions, with half-lives of 0.8–7.1 and 4.7–17.8 days in five typical Chinese soils, respectively. Six transformation products were identified by UHPLC–Q-TOF/MS coupled with UNIFI software (v1.9.4.0), including a novel product (M210) reported for the first time. At pre-harvest intervals of 7–21 days, terminal residues of flonicamid in brown rice were all below the Chinese maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.1 mg/kg. Dietary risk assessment revealed that the acceptable daily intake percentages (%ADI) for 12 population subgroups ranged from 0.128% to 1.031% based on the parent compound, and from 0.404% to 3.808% under the EU residue definition. All values were far below 100%. These results indicate that flonicamid, when applied according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), poses a negligible dietary risk to consumers.
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Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment
·
2025
·
IF 2.2
Qingyuan Yan,Jiye Hu
To determine the residue levels of flonicamid and its metabolites 4−trifluoromethylnicotinamide (TFNA−AM), 4−trifluoromethylnicotinic acid (TFNA), N−(4−trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine (TFNG), and spirotetramat and its metabolites spirotetramat−enol (B−enol), spirotetramat−monohydroxy (B−mono), spirotetramat−keto−hydroxy (B−keto), and spirotetramat−enol−glucoside (B−glu) in cottonseed from eight regions of China, a simultaneous detection method for these nine compounds in cottonseed was developed based on a modified QuEChERS and LC−MS/MS. The cottonseed samples were extracted using 10 mL acetonitrile, 30 mg citric acid, and citrate buffer, then purified with 10 mg chitin, 20 mg C18, and 5 mg GCB. The average recoveries of all target compounds ranged from 72% to 105% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.4%−10.4%. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) of all target compounds were 0.01 mg/kg. Supervised cotton field trials were conducted under Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) conditions, and flonicamid−spirotetramat 40% suspended concentrate (SC) was sprayed once at the highest recommended dosage of 108 g active ingredient/ha (g a.i./ha) during the early stages of cotton aphid infestation. The results indicated that the residue levels of nine target compounds in cottonseed samples were less than 0.01 mg/kg at a 14−day pre−harvest interval (PHI, 14 d). This study provides scientific guidance for the safe use of flonicamid and spirotetramat on cotton.
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高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.8
Cui Xu,Jinming Han,Xuewei Chen,Junxia Feng,Hangbo Xu,Dongjie Cui,Zhongyuan Deng,Lixiang Wang,Ruonan Ma,Zhen Jiao,Xianchun Li
BACKGROUND Over-reliance on and excessive use of pesticides for pest management have led to various side effects, including the rapid development of pesticide resistance. The abundant reactive species present in plasma-activated water (PAW) make it a potential alternative to pesticides for controlling crop pests. Whether PAW can truly replace pesticides or significantly reduce their usage depends on its efficacy when applied in the same manner as pesticides. RESULTS A foliar spray bioassay that simulates the field application of pesticides was established to estimate the direct toxicity of PAW to two insecticide-susceptible and two resistant strains of cotton aphids in the presence and absence of imidacloprid or flonicamid. Spraying PAW alone only caused mortality of about 20–30% against the four cotton aphid strains, significantly lower than the effects of imidacloprid LC 25 dose and flonicamid LC 25 dose to the four strains. Spraying a mixture of PAW and imidacloprid at LC 25 dose or flonicamid at LC 25 dose resulted in significantly higher mortality rates against the four strains compared to the two insecticides diluted with pure water. Relative to pure water control, PAW and its mixtures with imidacloprid LC 25 dose or flonicamid LC 25 dose displayed no adverse effects on chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic parameters of cotton seedlings. CONCLUSION The data obtained indicate that PAW has the potential to serve as a plant-safe synergist for enhancing the insecticidal efficacy of imidacloprid and flonicamid against both insecticide-susceptible and -resistant cotton aphids. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2021
·
IF 6.165
Xiaofang Niu,Han Liu,Su Xue,Jinli Zhang,Wei Li
The solubility data of flonicamid (FA) in twelve mono-solvents (methanol (MA), ethanol (EA), n-propanol (NPA), isopropanol (IPA), n-butanol (NBA), isobutanol (IBA), ethyl acetate (EAC), butyl acetate (BAC), acetone (AT), acetonitrile (AN), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane (DX)) and a binary solvent of EA + EAC were experimentally measured by using a gravimetric method under atmospheric pressure. The tested temperature range for the studied solvents was from 283.15 K to 323.15 K except of 288.15–323.15 K for DX. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was applied to evaluate the crystal form of FA, and no solvate or new form formation were observed during the whole experiment. The experimental results show that the rising temperature leads to the increase of the FA solubility in all the studied mono and mixed solvents at the tested ranges. For mono-solvents, the solubility of FA at 293.15 K increases in the order: IBA (0.002641) < IPA (0.004243) < NPA (0.004361) < NBA (0.004750) < BAC (0.006844) < EA (0.006864) < EAC (0.01342) < MA (0.01394) < DX (0.01747) < AN (0.02455) < THF (0.03433) < AT (0.04645). For EA + EAC mixed solvents, the solubility of FA increases and then decreases with the rising mole fraction of EAC. That means addition of EAC to EA can alter the FA solubility. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to analyze the interactive energy between FA and the solvent molecules. Furthermore, the Apelblat equation, van’t Hoff equation, λh equation are applied to correlate the experimental solubility data of FA in mono and mixed solvent systems, while NRTL model and Wilson model are selected for mono-solvents, CNIBS/R-K model and Jouyban-Acree model for mixed solvents. Correlated results demonstrate that the Apelblat model provides the best regression. In addition, the dissolution thermodynamic properties of FA in chosen solvents are analyzed by the van’t Hoff equation. It suggests that the dissolution processes of FA are non-spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increase in these studied systems.
研究领域:
化学
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物理化学
·
热力学
·
材料科学
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
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IF 8.758
Xinyue Yuan,Wei Jiang,Jing Wang,Huilin Liu,Baoguo Sun
High-performance, multiporous imprinted microspheres were prepared from nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) using a one-pot reverse microemulsion surface-imprinting method. Here, the N-CDs were exfoliated from a common layer covalent organic framework in a top-down preparation, and an ionic liquid was added to improve the sensitivity and the fluorescence stability. The multiporous imprinted microspheres were successfully applied to flonicamid optosensing in fruits and vegetables with simultaneous analysis of 96 samples by multifunctional enzyme labeling. The fluorescence sensing procedure was performed on recyclable multiporous imprinted microspheres coupling with the interface of N-CDs by taking advantage of the fluorescence-resonance charge-transfer strategy between the N-doped carbon dots and flonicamid molecules, quenching the fluorescence intensity. The multiporous imprinted microspheres exhibited purple fluorescence, which decreased sharply in intensity as the concentration of flonicamid increased. The fluorescence quenching correlation with the concentration of flonicamid showed good linearity in the range of 0.02–0.2 μg g–1 with a detection limit of 0.0059 μg g–1. This research not only enriches the foundational study of flonicamid residues but also greatly expands the potential applications of multiporous imprinted microspheres for analysis of pesticide residues in agricultural, food, and environmental monitoring.
研究领域:
材料科学
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分析化学
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环境科学
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农业科学
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）