Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique
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2025
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IF 1.7
Xiaolong Zhang,Kundi Zhao,Yuxuan Chen,Jinlei Liu,Jie Gu,Mengchao Wang,Yinyin Dai,Huimin Zhang,Amin Wurita,Koutaro Hasegawa
Summary Introduction Distribution of imidazole-derived GABA agonists, such as etomidate, metomidate and its analogs have been encountered frequently especially in China, along with its abuse cases. Recently, we were enquired to investigate urine samples and dubious powder seized from abuse cases, in which a new etomidate analog isopropoxate was detected. Methods The etomidate analog contained in the seized powder was tried to be identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by hydrolysis its ester structure to related alcohol under basic reaction environment, as a preliminary analysis for the powder composition. Reference standard were then purchased to identify the compound in suspected powder. For urine samples, after adding the internal standard and acetonitrile to the urine samples followed by vortexing and centrifugation, the supernatant layer was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Results For LC-MS/MS analysis, the coefficient of determination (r2) values of the calibration curves of etomidate acid and isopropoxate in the urine were more than 0.99; the limits of detection (LODs) for etomidate acid, and isopropoxate was 0.025 ng/mL; the limits of quantification (LOQs) of them was 0.05 ng/mL. Etomidate acid and isopropoxate could be determined from submitted urines. And nine isopropoxate metabolites and their major metabolic pathways were identified. Conclusions In this study, we have established a simultaneous and reliable analytical method for etomidate acid and isopropoxate in human urine by LC-MS/MS, and the method could be applied to authentic cases. It is also the first time that the metabolic pathway of isopropoxate in the human body has been explored.
研究领域:
毒理学
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分析化学
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法医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Forensic Toxicology
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Zhang Xiaolong,Chen Yuxuan,Liu Jinlei,Wang Mengchao,Dai Yinyin,Zhao Kundi,Gu Jie,Zhang Huimin,Wurita Amin,Hasegawa Koutaro
Purpose Distribution and abuse of imidazole-derived γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, such as etomidate and metomidate, and their analogs have been encountered frequently especially in China. The aim of this study was to identify etomidate, metomidate, propoxate, and isopropoxate more accurately by establishing a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method and applying it to real forensic cases. Methods One mg of the seized powder was dissolved in 1 mL of methanol, and subjected to GC–MS and LC–MS/MS. Hair samples were washed and cut into approximately 2 mm sections, then ground to powder by a low-temperature grinder. Twenty mg of the hair powder was extracted with 1 mL of methanol, and the supernatant was subjected to LC–MS/MS. Results Etomidate, metomidate, propoxate, and isopropoxate were chromatographically separated and each mass spectrum was obtained by GC–MS. For LC–MS/MS, tested validation data were all satisfactory. The seized powder samples contained isopropoxate, with an approximate content of 30.9%. Etomidate, etomidate acid, metomidate, and isopropoxate could be determined in the submitted hairs, ranging from 2.89 to 8.09 ng/mg, 0.0591–0.177 ng/mg, 0.342–2.77 ng/mg, and 33.2–130 ng/mg, respectively. Conclusions Mass spectra and ion chromatograms of etomidate, metomidate, isopropoxate, and propoxate were obtained by GC–MS. We have also established a simultaneous and reliable analytical method for etomidate, etomidate acid, metomidate, and isopropoxate in human hair by LC–MS/MS. This is the first report to present analytical results of a novel imidazole-derived GABA agonist isopropoxate in drug abuse cases.
研究领域:
法医学
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药物滥用检测
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）