Journal of Fungi
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2023
·Vol. 9
·期 9
·930
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IF 4.7
Qiuli Ouyang,Shiwei Shi,Yangmei Liu,Yanqin Yang,Yonghua Zhang,Xingxing Yuan,Nengguo Tao,Lu Li
Geotrichum citri-aurantii(G. citri-aurantii) is one of the most important postharvest pathogens leading to a postharvest loss of citrus by causing sour rot. In this study, the antifungal activity oftrans-2-hexenal, a natural component of essential oil, againstG. citri-aurantiiwas evaluated.Trans-2-hexenal treatment inhibited the mycelia growth ofG. citri-aurantiiwith a minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration oftrans-2-hexenal at 0.50 and 1.00 μL/mL, respectively. Moreover,trans-2-hexenal efficiently reduced the incidence of sour rot of Satsuma fruit inoculated withG. citri-aurantii. Ultrastructural observations and Fourier transform infrared (FT−IR) results showed thattrans-2-hexenal treatment affected the cell wall and cell membrane instructions ofG. citri-aurantii. The content ofβ-1,3-glucan was significantly decreased aftertrans-2-hexenal treatment, but the cell wall permeability was not changed. The decrease in lipid and ergosterol contents might be responsible for this antifungal activity. Several important genes,FKS1,ERG1,ERG7, andERG11, showed decreasing expression levels aftertrans-2-hexenal treatment. Molecule-docking results also indicated thattrans-2-hexenal could join with the protein of FKS1, ERG1, ERG7, and ERG11 to impact enzyme activities. These results demonstrated thattrans-2-hexenal is a promising fungicide for controlling sour rot of harvested citrus fruit by damaging the membrane integrity ofG. citri-aurantii.Keywords:G. citri-aurantii;trans-2-hexeanl;antifungal mechanism;cell wall;cell membrane
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
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2019
·Vol. 127
·期 4
·1148-1156
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IF 2.683
Yang Y.,OuYang Q.,Li L.,Shao X.,Che J.,Tao N.
AimsThis study investigated the inhibitory effect of glutaraldehyde (GA) on sour rot in citrus fruit and the underlying antifungal mechanism on mycelial growth of the causative pathogen Geotrichum citri‐aurantii.Methods and ResultsGlutaraldehyde exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on G. citri‐aurantii, with a minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 1·00 µl ml−1. In addition, in vivo application of GA (1 × MFC and 5 × MFC) reduced the disease incidence of sour rot in citrus fruit by 60 and 80% respectively. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the morphology of G. citri‐aurantii mycelia was greatly altered by GA treatment. Propidium iodide and Calcofluor White Staining revealed that the membrane permeability, rather than the cell wall integrity, of G. citri‐aurantii mycelia was severely disrupted after the addition of GA. Massive accumulation of malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen species as well as an increase in lipoxygenase activity were observed.ConclusionThese results indicate that GA may inhibit the mycelia growth of G. citri‐aurantii through a membrane damage mechanism induced by membrane peroxidation.Significance and Impact of the StudyGlutaraldehyde is expected to be a novel fungicide for controlling sour rot in citrus fruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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微生物学
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高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 4.2
Lu Li,Bo Lin,Yu Ting,Maohui Li,Jinjin Hu,Jingjing Song,Yingjuan Yan,Jiaxin Chen,Hong Xiao,Nengguo Tao
Citrus sour rot is a common postharvest citrus disease caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantiiti , which has led to enormous economic losses, particularly during rainy seasons. In this study, we aimed to clarify the impact of berberine hydrochloride (BH), the hydrochloride form of an isoquinoline alkaloid, on the control efficiency of citrus sour rot and its antifungal mode against G. citri-aurantii . Results demonstrated that BH markedly impede the propagation of G. citri-aurantii by delaying the spores development from dormant stage into swollen and germinating stages, with the MIC and MFC value of 0.08 and 0.16 g L −1 , respectively. When the artificially inoculated citrus fruit in control group were totally rotted, the disease incidence of BH-treated groups decreased by 35.00%–73.30%, which effectively delayed the disease progression and almost did not negatively affect fruit quality. SEM observation, CFW and PI staining images revealed that BH caused significant damage to both the cell membrane and cell wall of G. citri-aurantii spores, whereas only the cell membrane of the mycelium was affected. The impact of cell wall was related to the block of chitin and β-1,3-glucan synthesis. Transcriptome results and further verification proved that 0.5 × MIC BH treatment affected the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle mainly by inhibiting the production of acetyl-CoA and pyruvate. Subsequently, the activities of key enzymes declined, resulting in a further decrease in ATP levels, ultimately inhibiting the germination of spores. In conlusion, BH delays citrus sour rot mainly by disrupting carbohydrate and energy metabolism of G. citri-aurantii spores.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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真菌学
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药理学
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2017
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IF 3.248
Shiwen Dou,Qiuli Ouyang,Kuiyi You,Jingjing Qian,Nengguo Tao
Thymol is a naturally occurring volatile terpenoid in plants that possesses strong antifungal activities against many pathogens. In this research, thymol was included into β -cyclodextrin and the antifungal activity of the resulting complex against Geotrichum citri-aurantii, the causal agent of sour rot in citrus fruit, was investigated. The inhibition concentration of the β -cyclodextrin-thymol inclusion complex ( β -CTIC) to G. citri-aurantii was estimated to be 4.0 g L −1 , which was supposed to be a comparable antifungal efficiency of 0.5 g L −1 thymol alone. The structure and characteristic of β -CTIC were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and entrapment efficiency (EE). The ROESY spectrum of β -CTIC showed appreciable correlation of H-1, H-4 and H-3 protons of thymol with the H-3′, H-5′ and H-6′ protons of β -cyclodextrin, respectively. In addition, β -CTIC was found to reduce the decay of citrus fruit inoculated with G. citri-aurantii and maintain the fruit quality. Our present study suggested that β -CTIC might be used as an alternative to chemical fungicides in controlling the postharvest sour rot of citrus fruit.
研究领域:
植物学
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食品科学
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微生物学
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2019
·
IF 3.927
Lu Li,Xu Tang,Qiuli Ouyang,Nengguo Tao
Sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) are food preservatives with antifungal activities against many pathogens. In this paper, the antifungal activity of the combination treatment of SD and Na 2 SiO 3 against Geotrichum citri-aurantii , the postharvest pathogen of sour rot in citrus fruit, was tested. SD and Na 2 SiO 3 combination (1:4, w/w) showed a synergistic inhibitory effect compared to single compound on the mycelial growth of G. citri-aurantii , with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) being 1.8 and 3.6 g L −1 , respectively. The spores’ germination and the plasma membrane integrity of the pathogen could also be visibly influenced by the 1× MFC SD + Na 2 SiO 3 treatment. The application of various SD + Na 2 SiO 3 concentrations (1×, 5×, and 10× MFC) to citrus fruit inoculated with G. citri-aurantii significantly ( P < 0.05) decreased the incidence of sour rot during the entire storage period. After 8 d of storage, the disease incidences in SD + Na 2 SiO 3 (10×, 5× or 1× MFC)-treated fruit were only 20%, 30%, 65%, respectively, in contrast to 100% of the control fruit. Meanwhile, SD + Na 2 SiO 3 treatments maintained the fruit quality of citrus fruit. Results indicate that the combination of SD and Na 2 SiO 3 is a promising approach in controlling the postharvest decay of citrus fruit.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物病理学
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采后技术
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高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 7.3
Yue Shi,Shiwei Shi,Yangmei Liu,Yonghua Zhang,Xiumei Chen,Nengguo Tao,Qiuli OuYang
ACL is identified as the target of trans-2-enals in suppressing G. citri-aurantii . • Trans-2-enals bind ACL with high affinity by Lys76 and Arg84. • ACL is a target for trans-2-enals (C₅-C₁₀), enabling broad antifungal strategies. Postharvest sour rot caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii severely compromises citrus quality and marketability. This study clarified the antifungal mechanism of trans-2-enals (C 5 –C 10 ) against G. citri-aurantii , using trans-2-hexenal as a model. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of G. citri-aurantii treated with trans-2-hexenal revealed mitochondrial dysfunction and pinpointed ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) as a key inhibited target within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Enzymatic assays and RT-qPCR confirmed ACL inhibition, leading to citric acid accumulation and depletion of downstream intermediates. Density-functional analysis identified the conjugated enal moiety as the essential pharmacophore for trans-2-enals. Crucially, molecular docking localized a high-affinity binding cavity on ACL, where trans-2-enals form critical hydrogen bonds with residues Lys76 and Arg84. All tested trans-2-enals were confirmed to suppress ACL activity and expression, thereby altering TCA cycle intermediates. Collectively, ACL is the primary target of trans-2-enals, providing a foundation for developing next-generation antifungal agents against G. citri-aurantii . Download: Download high-res image (192KB) Download: Download full-size image Created with BioGDP.com ( Jiang et al., 2025 ).
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PHYTOPATHOLOGY
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2025
·
IF 3.1
Xin Deng,Tianyu Hou,Muhammad Farrukh Nisar,Xinyu Zhang,Yingying Yang,Chuying Chen,Jinyin Chen
Citrus sour rot is normally caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii , which not only deteriorates fruit quality but also causes huge economic losses annually. The current study delves into the underlying in vitro antifungal mechanisms of hinokitiol and assesses its efficacy in controlling sour rot development on navel oranges infected by G. citri-aurantii . Both in vitro and in vivo examinations demonstrate that hinokitiol exhibits strong antifungal activity against G. citri-aurantii , with a minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of 25.0 mg/L, resulting in a significant reduction in citrus sour rot disease. Decreased blue fluorescence in CFW staining and cell wall components have confirmed that hinokitiol disrupts the structural organization of the G. citri-aurantii cell wall. Additionally, hinokitiol induces abnormal mycelial growth, causing more severe deformities, dried blights, plasmalemma wall separation, mitochondrial decomposition, and cell permeabilization. Furthermore, hinokitiol increases the production of H 2 O 2 , O 2 •− and MDA levels in G. citri-aurantii , resulting in permanent damage to cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and DNA function, ultimately triggering cell apoptosis. These results indicate that hinokitiol is a novel antifungal agent for controlling postharvest sour rot in citrus fruits. This study contributes new insights into the control of postharvest fungal decay and elucidates hinokitiol’s antifungal mechanism against G. citri-aurantii .
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高影响因子
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