Influenza A virus infects the human respiratory system and causes acute and fatal pulmonary diseases. The emergence of drug-resistant viral strains highlights the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. In this work, IgY antibody was raised in immunized laying hens, and its antiviral activity was evaluated in the context of passive immunization. With inactivated whole H1N1 virus, high-titer IgY antibody 9.18 mg/mL egg yolk was induced by the eighth week after immunization. Western blotting and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test demonstrated that the IgY antibody could specifically bind the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin of the H1N1 virus. In the plaque reduction assay, the IgY antibody reduced the H1N1 viral infection in MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells. In a mouse model, the anti-H1N1 IgY antibody exhibited in vivo protection by reducing the infectious titer of the virus in the lung while maintaining the weight and normal structure of the lung tissue. Additionally, the anti-H1N1 IgY antibody exhibited protective activity comparable to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. These results demonstrated that IgY can be easily produced and can offers an effective alternative approach for influenza control.
Zheng Dong,Juan Ma,Jiahuang Qiu,Quanzhong Ren,Qing’e Shan,Xuefeng Duan,Guangle Li,Yi Y. Zuo,Yu Qi,Yajun Liu,Guoliang Liu,Iseult Lynch,Min Fang,Sijin Liu
Mounting data suggest that environmental pollution due to airborne fine particles (AFPs) increases the occurrence and severity of respiratory virus infection in humans. However, it is unclear whether and how interactions with AFPs alter viral infection and distribution. We report synergetic effects between various AFPs and the H1N1 virus, regulated by physicochemical properties of the AFPs. Unlike infection caused by virus alone, AFPs facilitated the internalization of virus through a receptor-independent pathway. Moreover, AFPs promoted the budding and dispersal of progeny virions, likely mediated by lipid rafts in the host plasma membrane. Infected animal models demonstrated that AFPs favored penetration of the H1N1 virus into the distal lung, and its translocation into extrapulmonary organs including the liver, spleen, and kidney, thus causing severe local and systemic disorders. Our findings revealed a key role of AFPs in driving viral infection throughout the respiratory tract and beyond. These insights entail stronger air quality management and air pollution reduction policies.
Influenza A virus (H1N1) poses a significant threat to global human health that imperative demands the development of sensitive and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) methods. Here, for the first time, Fe-MoS 2 nanosheets were employed as a multifunctional nanotag in the development of catalytic colorimetric-photothermal dual-mode lateral flow immunoassay (dLFIA) strips for the sensitive detection of H1N1 inactivated virus. The Fe-MoS 2 nanosheets featuring large size, high specific surface area, and ultrathin structure could flow smoothly on the strips and thus quickly produce an ideal colorimetric signal for qualitative analysis. Both the limit of detection (LOD) of catalytic colorimetric and photothermal signals reached 1000 copies/mL and the corresponding calculated LOD was 550 and 691 copies/mL, respectively, which were about 50–90-fold more sensitive than traditional gold nanoparticles based-LFIA (5 × 10 4 copies/mL). The developed assay could correctly identify eight positive clinical samples with Ct values less than 35 and 10 negative actual samples, proving significant promise for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of H1N1, especially in resource-limited areas.
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