The Zn dendrite limits the practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries in the large-scale energy storage systems. To suppress the growth of Zn dendrites, a zinc ionophore of hydroxychloroquine (defined as HCQ) applied in vivo treatment is investigated as the electrolyte additive. HCQ dynamically regulates zinc ion concentration in the outer Helmholtz layer, promoting even Zn plating at the anode/electrolyte interface . This is evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy, which delivers planar Zn plating after cycling. It is further supported by the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, which reveals the growth of Zn (0 0 2) plane. Additionally, the reduced production of H 2 during Zn plating/stripping is detected by the in-situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), which shows the resistance of Zn (0 0 2) to hydrogen evolution reaction. The mechanism of dynamic regulation for zinc ion concentration is demonstrated by the in-situ optical microscopy. The hydrated zinc ion can be further plated more rapidly to the uneven location than the case in other regions, which is resulted from the dynamic regulation for zinc ion concentration. Therefore, the uniform Zn plating is formed. A cycling life of 1100 h is exhibited in the Zn||Zn symmetric cell at 1.6 mA cm −2 with the capacity of 1.6 mAh cm −2 . The Zn||Cu battery exhibits a cycling life of 200 cycles at 4 mA cm −2 with a capacity of 4 mAh cm −2 and the average Coulombic efficiency is larger than 99 %. The Zn||VO 2 battery with HCQ modified electrolyte can operate for 1500 cycles at 4 A g −1 with a capacity retention of 90 %. This strategy in the present work is wished to advance the development of zinc-ion batteries for practical application.
Na Tu,Xue Shen,Shengqi Deng,Yuxin Xie,Haowei Liu,Hongping Li,Nan Li,Ling Mei
In the past decade, tumor treatment strategies have shifted from tumors to the immune system of tumor patients. NIR laser-induced photothermal therapy can not only generate heat or reactive oxygen species to kill tumors but also induce immunogenic cell death and activate the overall antitumor immune response. The ICD process is usually accompanied by autophagosome formation, which contains tumor-associated antigens. However, the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome impairs antigens, weakening the antitumor immune response. Thus, administration with autophagy terminal inhibitors could be a compensatory strategy. In this work, we prepared a thermally sensitive liposome drug delivery system containing the photothermal agent IR780 and autophagy inhibitor HCQ (IR780/HCQ-Lip). IR780/HCQ-Lip has a uniform particle size distribution and good photodynamic and photothermal properties. The inhibition of autophagy enhanced the phototherapy effect. Compared with the survival rate of 4T1 cells being treated with IR780-Lip phototherapy alone (36.87%), the survival rate of the IR780/HCQ-Lip group decreased to 3.71%. IR780/HCQ-Lip caused a massive accumulation of autophagosomes, promoted the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), and enhanced the infiltration of intratumoral T cells. In addition, IR780/HCQ-Lip produced a systemic immune response and also showed good inhibition of distal tumor growth under laser action in distal tumor experiments. Thus, IR780/HCQ-Lip exhibited a promising combination therapy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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