Feng Ding,Han Wen,Ruijiang Zhuo,Jiawei Li,Hui Zheng,Yuru Deng,Jianliang Shen,Xiaojun He
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) along with its ionic form, hypochlorite anion (ClO − ) are critical reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play vital roles in biological systems. Dysregulated production of HClO/ClO − can result in tissue damage and cause a variety of diseases. Besides, Sodium hypochlorite has been widely used as a bleaching agent for water disinfection , surface cleanin g in daily life. Excessive exposure to sodium hypochlorite will lead to symptoms of severe breathing and skin problems. Therefore, developing a state-of-the-art (simple, highly sensitive, highly selective and super fast-response) sensor for tracking HClO is of biological, toxicological, and environmental importance. Though many HClO probes have been reported so far, this big aim still presents a challenge. Researchers around the world are continuing to develop new HClO probes that could improve their sensitivity, selectivity , the limit of detection, response time, easiness to use, etc. Herein, with coumarin as the fluorophore molecule, we rationally developed a novel chemosensor ( CMTH ) for detecting HClO with both ratiometric and colorimetric responses resulted from the oxidation reaction of C N bond. Further analysis results indicated that CMTH can realize highly sensitive with low limit of detection (256 nM, among the best of its kind) and highly selective (over a bunch of interfering analytes) imaging detection of HClO in multiple organisms with low cytotoxicity, and good cell and tissue permeability as well. In particular, compared to other fluorescent HClO probes reported so far, CMTH excels in the response time to HClO (< 40 s), being the top-notch of its kind. Besides, owing to its excellent water solubility, CMTH can also be applied to track HClO in the environmental system. Taken together, we have presented here a novel chemosensor , CMTH , as a colorimetric and ratiometric chemosensor for highly sensitive and ultrafast imaging detection of HClO in aqueous solutions, eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic bacteria and vertebrate zebrafish.
The high-performance detection of hypochlorous acid (HClO) is crucial for life and environmental health, but still challenging for the single fluorescence signal and single sensing channel of probes. Organic cage with strong adsorption ability and cage structure-related fluorescence property, is a type of potential fluorescent probe. However, the single signal and short emission of organic cage hinders its sensing performance. The design of dual emitting organic cage with long wavelength for dual-channel ratiometric sensing of HClO is of great significance. Herein, we reported an organic cage (ROX) as a probe for accurate quantification of HClO. The prepared ROX exhibited capsule topology-facilitated red/green dual emission around 660/502 nm. The cage-like structure was disrupted by the rapid specific redox interaction between imine bond in ROX and HClO. As a result, the fluorescence at 660 nm quenched in conjunction with the enhancement at 502 nm in PBS (pH 4). Besides, the fluorescence increased at 582 nm with constant emission at 480 nm in DMSO/PBS (pH 7) ( V / V , 9/1). The ratio signal in PBS and DMSO/PBS respectively gave the linearity range of 1–30 and 20–45 μM, the limit of detection (3 s ) of 14 and 49 nM, and the relative standard deviation of 1.04 % and 0.54 % for 10 replicate determinations. Based on the mutual validation of dual ratio, the dual-channel ratiometric sensing possesses good accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, and precision. Moreover, ROX can be applied to HClO monitoring in actual water and disinfectant samples with the recoveries of spiked HClO ranged from 95.0 % to 104.2 %. The proposed sensing method highlights the great potential of organic cage in fluorescence sensing.
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