Journal of Energetic Materials
·
2024
·
IF 1.7
Sheng Wang,Sen Hong,Bingxin Liu,Dan Liang,Ling Chen,Yuhua Zhao,Xiao-An Wei
Herein, in order to increase the purity and improve the performance of HMX crude products (Raw HMX) isolated from decommissioned propellants, a new method to obtain submicron levels using the solvent-anti-solvent process was proposed. Two different morphologies of HMX, regular prismatic vs. spherical-like, were obtained by means of two solvents (DMSO, DMF). Polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200) was used to improve the morphology and dispersion of crystals at low saturation and low crystallization temperatures. Various rates of addition of anti-solvent (water) were studied to prevent HMX crystalline transition and effectively increase purity. Furthermore, the aging process was applied to further modify the crystals with controlled particle size distribution The purity of the samples was tested by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) spectroscopy, and the purity of the crystallized samples was improved from 95.53% in Raw HMX to over 99%. The thermal decomposition properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition reaction of the materials were calculated using the Kissinger and Ozawa method. The samples were also tested for impact and friction sensitivity, which was reduced compared to both Raw HMX and industrial HMX, demonstrating that this type of modified HMX recovered from decommissioned propellants is fully reusable.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
爆炸物研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 12
·1837
·
IF 5.3
Miaomiao Jin,Zhanxin Song,Wei Liu,Guozhen Wang,Mo Xian
Biological approaches for the synthesis of a hybrid explosive–nanothermite energetic composite have attracted greater scientific attention because of their advantages, including their moderate reactions and the absence of secondary pollution. In this study, a simple technique was developed to fabricate a hybrid explosive–nanothermite energetic composite based on a peptide and a mussel-inspired surface modification. Polydopamine (PDA) was easily imprinted onto the HMX, where it maintained its reactivity and was capable of reacting with a specific peptide used to introduce Al and CuO NPs to the surface of the HMX via specific recognition. The hybrid explosive–nanothermite energetic composites were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and a fluorescence microscope. A thermal analysis was utilized to investigate the energy-release properties of the materials. The[email protected]@CuO, which benefitted from an enhanced interfacial contact in comparison with the physically mixed sample (HMX-Al-CuO), demonstrated a 41% lower HMX activation energy.Keywords:biological self-assembly;polydopamine;peptide;green preparation;activation energy
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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爆炸工程
·
表面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2019
·Vol. 44
·期 4
·438-446
·
IF 1.634
Qing Zhu,Chun Xiao,Xiao Xie,Bao-hui Zheng,Shang-bin Li,Guan Luo
The appropriate structure and properties of a composite material, including the morphology, particle size, and bond strength, are very important for its performance and practical applications. The energetic material HMX (C 4 H 8 N 8 O 8 , cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) is typically mixed with nanocatalysts to improve its thermal decomposition, which is advantageous for its detonation performance in practical applications. Inspired by the bioadhesion of mussels, a HMX@PDA@TiO 2 (HMX first coated with PDA film and second coated with TiO 2 nanoparticles) composite was developed in this study to greatly advance the thermal decomposition temperatures. A simple stirring process was used to prepare the composite from HMX and TiO 2 nanoparticles under dopamine solutions with different pH values. Nanocatalyst TiO 2 nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of HMX by reacting with the dopamine and polydopamine coatings. Compared with other reference samples, the thermal behavior of the obtained composite showed that the starting decomposition temperature was lower, at approximately 60 °C, and that the decomposition peak decreased by 35 °C, indicating that the composite properties should have great effects on the thermal performance of the materials. The findings offer a valuable composite preparation method to enhance the thermal behavior and the effect of the catalyst on the composite via bonding effects.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2023
·Vol. 48
·期 7
·e202200317
·
IF 1.8
Jian Guan,Huan Peng,Yulan Song,Bo Jin,Rufang Peng
The thermal decomposition of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane CL-20/HMX-ammonium formate functionalized graphene oxide (Am-GO) composites was studied using an isothermal decomposition dynamics research instrument to explore the effects of Am-GO on the stability of CL-20/HMX co-crystal. The gas pressure-time curve generated by thermal decomposition reaches the decomposition inflection point at a decomposition degree of 85 %. Compared with CL-20/HMX co-crystal, the decomposition extent corresponding to the inflection point of the thermal decomposition curve of the composites increases. The activation energies of the composites before and after the inflection point of the pressure-time curve were 161.3 kJ/mol and 171.0 kJ/mol, respectively. The residual substances produced by the thermal decomposition of the composites were characterized by HPLC and FTIR. Results showed that CL-20 and HMX were decomposed before the inflection point of the decomposition pressure-time curve. However, the decomposition of CL-20 was completed before the inflection point, whereas that of HMX ran through the thermal decomposition process. The calculation results of thermal decomposition kinetics show that the addition of coating material increases the activation energy of co-crystal and stabilizes CL-20/HMX co-crystal.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学动力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2016
·Vol. 41
·期 6
·1092-1097
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IF 1.578
Qing Zhu,Chun Xiao,Shangbin Li,Guan Luo
The development of a facile method for large scale production of insensitive HMX particles is of great importance for energetic materials, especially for insensitive munitions. Inspired by mussels, HMX particles with a thin, robust, wettable and uniform coating based on the self-polymerization of dopamine were prepared by one-step solution stirring processes in the study. The as-prepared HMX@PDA particles showed stable shape, size, and polymorphy compared with original HMX particles. With PDA (polydopamine) coating, the HMX@PDA particles exhibited better wettability, which could improve the adhesive properties between particles and other liquid components in a PBX (plastic bonded explosive). Furthermore, the mechanical sensitivities were decreased for the HMX@PDA particles because of the uniform and smooth PDA coating decreasing the hot spots on the surface of the HMX particles. HMX@PDA particles produced by a facile scalable process might provide a promising substitute for sensitive HMX particles to enhance the safety and adhesive properties when used in PBX.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2020
·
IF 4.57
Qianqian He,Jun Wang,Yaofeng Mao,Huamo Yin,Wei Cao,Fude Nie
The incorporation of aluminum (Al) into explosives represents a facility and efficient way to enhance the energy output through the secondary reaction between Al and the detonation products of explosive. The Al/O ratio and microstructure of HMX/Al play critical roles in combustion performance and energy output. Herein, a gradient structured HMX/Al composite has been designed and fabricated via 3D printing technology using well-dispersed HMX/Al-based ink. For HMX/Al lines, the second reaction heat increases from 196.5 J/g to 1644.8 J/g and the burning rate would decrease from 14.6 to 12.0 mm/s with Al content increased from 10 to 30 wt%. For gradient structured HMX/Al, the burning rate could be controlled by varying the component ratio and the burning rate of each component in the gradient structure was higher than that of the normal HMX/Al counterpart. Furthermore, a gradient evolution of pressure output was monitored for gradient structured HMX/Al cylinder ignited by the laser. These results indicate that the gradient structure as an effective approach can tune combustion performance and energy output of HMX/Al.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃烧与爆炸学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 37
·25853-25861
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IF 3.9
Wenzhe Ma,Yanjing Yang,Yuxin Jia,Dongxiao Fu,Fengqi Zhao,Kangzhen Xu
Metal organic complexes are regarded as a series of promising combustion catalysts for solid rocket propellants. Their effects on the combustion performance of propellants are closely related to the reaction mechanism. Here, the metal–organic complex Cu(Salen) was investigated as a candidate material for the combustion catalyst of the HMX-added composite modified double-base propellant (HMX-CMDB). The combustion performance of the propellant was found to be evidently enhanced in the presence of Cu(Salen) compared with the propellant samples containing Benzoic-Cu or without catalyst. The addition of Cu(Salen) can improve the burning rate and combustion efficiency of the propellant – and greatly reduce the burning rate pressure index. Analysis shows that the addition of Cu(Salen) can increase the combustion area, flame brightness and combustion surface uniformity of the propellant to a higher degree. The sample can spray more beams of bright filaments on the flat combustion section, and the amount of gas generated by decomposition also greatly increases. In addition, Cu(Salen) shows amazing advantages in improving the surface of the propellant and the temperature gradient of the combustion flame.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃烧化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2023
·
IF 5.1
Binghui Duan,Hongchang Mo,Bojun Tan,Xianming Lu,Bozhou Wang,Ning Liu
The weak interface interaction and solid-solid phase transition have long been a conundrum for 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX)-based polymer-bonded explosives (PBX). A two-step strategy that involves the pretreatment of HMX to endow – OH groups on the surface via polyalcohol bonding agent modification and in situ coating with nitrate ester-containing polymer, was proposed to address the problem. Two types of energetic polyether — glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and nitrate modified GAP (GNP) were grafted onto HMX crystal based on isocyanate addition reaction bridged through neutral polymeric bonding agent (NPBA) layer. The morphology and structure of the HMX-based composites were characterized in detail and the core-shell structure was validated. The grafted polymers obviously enhanced the adhesion force between HMX crystals and fluoropolymer (F 2314 ) binder. Due to the interfacial reinforcement among the components, the two HMX-based composites exhibited a remarkable increment of phase transition peak temperature by 10.2°C and 19.6°C with no more than 1.5% shell content, respectively. Furthermore, the impact and friction sensitivity of the composites decreased significantly as a result of the barrier produced by the grafted polymers. These findings will enhance the future prospects for the interface design of energetic composites aiming to solve the weak interface and safety concerns.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸物工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2023
·Vol. 48
·期 12
·e202300002
·
IF 1.8
Jin Yu,Hanyu Jiang,Siyu Xu,Ergang Yao,Haixia Hao,Heng Li,Yiping Wang,Meng Li,Qing Pei,Yang Zhang,Fengqi Zhao
In order to improve the security of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) preparation and application process, microfluidic technology was used to improve the crystal quality and surface coating in one step. Using polydopamine (PDA) as coating material, the insensitive HMX@PDA particles were prepared. The morphology, particle size and crystal form of HMX@PDA are regulated by supersaturation. When the concentration of HMX is 0.15 g ⋅ mL −1 , the flow ratio of the two-phase solution is 1 : 1, and the total flow rate is 10 mL ⋅ min −1 , the properties of the samples were optimized to the greatest extent. At this point, the particle size of the sample was about 25 μm, SPAN value is 1.02, which is a stable β -HMX@PDA at room temperature. Through the test, the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of HMX@PDA were 36 % and 56 %, which were 52 % and 28 % lower than that of raw HMX, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy of HMX@PDA was not significantly decreased. Thermal analysis showed that PDA inhibited the β → δ crystallization process of HMX at high temperature but did not affect the thermal decomposition process of HMX. This case of preparing HMX@PDA in one-step with microfluidic technology provides a new idea for the desensitization of energetic materials in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
爆炸物研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 3
·464
·
IF 5.3
Hanyu Jiang,Xuanjun Wang,Jin Yu,Wenjun Zhou,Shuangfei Zhao,Siyu Xu,Fengqi Zhao
The crystal structure has a great influence on mechanical sensitivity and detonation performance of energetic materials. An efficient microfluidic platform was applied for size, morphology, and crystallinity controllable preparation of ultrafine HMX. The microfluidic platform has good mixing performance, quick response, and less reagent consumption. The ultrafine γ-HMX was first prepared at room temperature by microfluidic strategy, and the crystal type can be controlled accurately by adjusting the process parameters. With the increase in flow ratio, the particle size decreases gradually, and the crystal type changed from β-HMX to γ-HMX. Thermal behavior of ultrafine HMX shows that γ→δ is easier than β→δ, and the phase stability of HMX is β > γ > δ. Furthermore, the ultrafine β-HMX has higher thermal stability and energy release efficiency than that of raw HMX. The ultrafine HMX prepared by microfluidic not only has uniform morphology and narrow particle size distribution, but also exhibits high density and low sensitivity. This study provides a safe, facile, and efficient way of controlling particle size, morphology, and crystallinity of ultrafine HMX.Keywords:energetic material;microfluidic;controllable preparation;ultrafine HMX;thermal application performance
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Xue-Xue Zhang,Xing Zhang,Chi Zhang,Xu Zhao,Zhi-Jian Yang,Qi-Long Yan
It is challenging to balance the energy and sensitivity for the development of energetic materials (EMs). In this paper, the HMX crystals with improved energy density but lower sensitivity have been prepared by intercalation of triaminoguanidine-glyoxal crosslinked graphene oxide (GO-TAGP). The morphologies and structure of intercalated HMX crystals depend largely on the content of GO-TAGP. Notably, the presence of a higher percentage of GO-TAGP leads to a transition of HMX crystal structure to the γ-form. It has been shown that with the constraint of GO-TAGP, HMX crystals show a significant enhancement in energy content. With intercalated 3.7 wt% of GO-TAGP, the density of modified HMX increased to 1.93 g·cm −3 with higher heat of explosion (5421 J·g −1 ) and higher heat of formation (140.6 kJ·mol −1 ) than that of neat HMX (1.89 g·cm −3 , 5242J·g −1 and 75.8kJ·mol −1 ). Importantly, remarkably improved thermal stability of modified HMX have been achieved, disclosing an excluded polymorphic transition via DSC and the variable-temperature powder XRD technique. In specific, the modified HMX with intercalated 1.0 wt% GO-TAGP exhibits superior safety performance with the impact energy increased to 26.5 J, even 780 % higher than pristine HMX (3 J). The detonation performance of as-modified HMX was tested, achieving an enhanced detonation velocity of 9254 m·s −1 , whereas that of raw HMX is only 9010 m·s −1 . This approach could offer an efficient strategy to enhance the energy content of HMX with significantly improved thermal stability and safety performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 3.2
Wenzheng Xu,Junyi Wang,Xiaolong Chang,Yulong Yang,Leyang Zhao,Shuying Lan,Ningxin Ma,Jiangtao Xing
Rapid and facile self-assembly coatings play a crucial role in surface functionalization of materials. In this study, a safe, fast, and environmentally friendly method is proposed to form a metal-phenolic network (MPN) through the assembly of gallic acid (GA) and iron ions (Fe 3+ ), which is used for the in situ polymerization coating of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX). The surface of the modified HMX crystals become visibly roughened. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was coated on the surface of modified HMX by water suspension method to form HMX@MPN@TPU double-layer core-shell energetic composite material. Compared with the raw material HMX, the β-δ phase transition temperature of the double-layer core-shell structure composite increased by 12.36°C, the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity decreased, and the compressive strength increased by 38%, which effectively improved its mechanical properties. Highlights It has been demonstrated that metal-phenolic networks can self-assemble on the surface of crystals. A water suspension method was employed to prepare energetic material powder into a polymer-bonded explosive (PBX). The modified PBX showed significant improvements in various properties, indicating that metal-phenolic networks can serve as excellent modifying materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）