Metal organic complexes are regarded as a series of promising combustion catalysts for solid rocket propellants. Their effects on the combustion performance of propellants are closely related to the reaction mechanism. Here, the metal–organic complex Cu(Salen) was investigated as a candidate material for the combustion catalyst of the HMX-added composite modified double-base propellant (HMX-CMDB). The combustion performance of the propellant was found to be evidently enhanced in the presence of Cu(Salen) compared with the propellant samples containing Benzoic-Cu or without catalyst. The addition of Cu(Salen) can improve the burning rate and combustion efficiency of the propellant – and greatly reduce the burning rate pressure index. Analysis shows that the addition of Cu(Salen) can increase the combustion area, flame brightness and combustion surface uniformity of the propellant to a higher degree. The sample can spray more beams of bright filaments on the flat combustion section, and the amount of gas generated by decomposition also greatly increases. In addition, Cu(Salen) shows amazing advantages in improving the surface of the propellant and the temperature gradient of the combustion flame.
In order to deal with the long-standing contradiction between safety and performance for propellent combustion catalyst, the TKX-50-M (M=Pb, Bi and Cu) were designed, synthesized and characterized. The density, thermal decomposition, mechanical sensitivity and energy performance of the prepared TKX-50-M were studied systemically. By taking NTO-Pb as the benchmark, the TKX-50-M exhibited much better energetic and safety properties. Besides, the combination of TKX-50-Pb, TKX-50-Cu and carbon black is conductive to the combustion of HMX-CMDB propellant. The burning rate of HMX-CMDB propellant increases from 16.80 to 21.28 mm s −1 at 20 MPa, and the pressure index reduces from 0.87 to 0.39 in the pressure range of 10–20 MPa. The catalytic mechanism of TKX-50-M were explored according to the results of combustion wave structure, flame image and characteristics of burning out surface. The catalytic effect of TKX-50-Pb is mainly reflected in the gas phase region, and the introduction of TKX-50-Cu and carbon black shows a significant synergistic catalytic effect. The results of this study not only help to explore insensitive high-energy combustion catalyst, but also helps to improve the combustion, energy and safety performance of CMDB propellants.
A series of novel graphene-salen metal nanocomposites with different active metals and molecular structures were designed, synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, XPS and RAMAN instruments. Effects of the as-synthesized graphene-salen metal nanocomposites on the combustion performance and mechanism of HMX-CMDB propellant were studied. Among the nanocomposites considered, S-792-Ni has the best effect on the combustion performance of HMX-CMDB propellant, which makes the propellant possess high burning rate, low pressure index and good combustion stability. The excellent combustion performance of HMX-CMDB propellant containing S-792-Ni is closely related to the formation of filamentous clusters, the decrease of dark zone thickness and the increase of gas phase temperature gradient. In addition, the formation of flocculent network carbon skeleton and the decrease of metal aggregations in the quenched sample also contribute to the improvement of combustion performance. Additionally, the interaction mechanisms of efficient catalyst S-792-Ni with energetic components HMX and NC/NG were revealed by the in-situ solid FTIR and gas-phase MS-FTIR methods. The results show that S-792-Ni can obviously promotes the fracture of C–C bonds and C-N bonds of NC/NG and HMX respectively, and significantly increases the decomposition heat of HMX and NC/NG. The increased decomposition heat are beneficial to the rapid reactions beneath the combustion surface and the heat feedback between combustion surface and gas region, so as to improve the burning rate of HMX-CMDB propellant.
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