RSC Advances
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 24
·15329-15336
·
IF 4.036
Wenxiang Li,Ping Ye,Changping Guo,Wenkun Zhu,Dayong Jin
Solid propellants with high safety, excellent thermal decomposition, and green performance are hot and difficult research areas in aerospace. In this paper, AP@HNS (hexanitrostilbene) composites with core–shell structure were designed and prepared by an ultrasound-assisted method using polyurethane for the interfacial modification of ammonium perchlorate (AP). The results show that the AP@HNS composites have a complete and dense shell structure when the nano-HNS content of the shell layer is 15% or more, the synergistic decomposition effect between HNS and AP can advance the high-temperature decomposition peak of AP by 102.4 °C and increase the apparent heat release 2.55 times to 1388 J g−1, and HNS improves the energy of AP while reducing environmental pollution. The safety performance test shows that the nano-HNS with 15% mass content can increase the composite characteristic drop height H50 to 32 cm and reduce the frictional susceptibility explosion probability to 77% (the H50 of AP is 27 cm and the frictional susceptibility explosion probability is 95%). The insensitive shell layer HNS significantly improves the safety performance of AP through barrier and buffering effects. This technology is expected to provide new ideas for designing and preparing solid propellants with high energy, low susceptibility, and excellent thermal decomposition performance.
研究领域:
航空航天推进剂
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材料科学
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能源材料
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2024
·
IF 0
Hongyang Chen,Yaofeng Mao,Jie Chen,Ruolei Zhong,Bo Jin,Fude Nie,Rufang Peng,Jun Wang
Microscale energetic materials have garnered considerable attention because they can be integrated in microelectromechanical systems for several potential applications. Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) has been widely utilized in ignition and initiation devices owing to its excellent thermal and shock stability and high sensitivity to short pulse shock waves. To meet the energy release requirements of micro-detonation devices, HNS sticks were prepared using direct ink writing and their reaction and flame propagation properties were studied. HNS particles sized 17.5 µm to 5 µm and ∼500 nm was prepared. Then, the viscosity of HNS-based inks prepared via acoustic resonance technology decreased when the particle size decreased or when the HNS content reduced from 97 wt.%, 95 wt.%, and 92 wt.%, to 90 wt.%. Additionally, the HNS-based inks with different binders exhibited different viscosity. The effect of the inner diameter of needle (0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.9 mm), printing rate (13 mm/s, 15 mm/s, 17 mm/s, 19 mm/s), and pressure (0.05 MPa, 0.1 MPa, 0.15 MPa, 0.2 MPa) on the width of HNS sticks was also elucidated. HNS-based sticks with a diameter of 0.9 mm underwent self-sustaining combustion reactions, and the burning rate increased from 5.1 mm/s to 6.8 mm/s as the particle size decreased from 17.5 µm to 500 nm. Overall, this work provides an effective approach to prepare microscale HNS for integration into micro-energetic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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机械工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Min Li,Ying Wang,Xin Zhou,Qi Zhang,Mingyang Chen,Dandan Han,Junbo Gong,Hongzhen Li
In this work, the micro/nano spherulitic hierarchical 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) with the excellent specific surface area was prepared for the first time, which was expected to overcome the agglomeration problems of nanoscale HNS. In detail, poly( N -isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM), polysuccinimide (PSI), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were selected as additives to induce forming spherulitic HNS. Leaflike crystals were obtained in the presence of PNIPAM, while spherulitic HNS could be fabricated in the presence of PSI or PVP. And the prepared spherulitic HNS owned nearly 6 times the specific surface area of the raw HNS, with decreased impact sensitivity and advanced melting and decomposition temperatures, demonstrating a good desensitization effect, and a favorable energy release of the hierarchical structure. Moreover, morphological changes under the effect of the molecular weight and concentration of PVP were explored. The approximated morphological evolution of spherulitic HNS was consistent with the classical spherulitic growth by noncrystallographic branching. Furthermore, it was verified that preferential adsorption of PVP and PSI on the HNS inhibits the growth steps of the (200) face and introduces stress to generate crystal defects, which triggers noncrystallographic branching and further spherulitic growth. Overall, the strategy of fabricating micro/nano spherulitic hierarchical energetic materials via polymer-additive induced noncrystallographic branching is promising to solve the problems of nanoscale energetic materials in agglomeration and microscale bulk crystals in low activity.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高能材料
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聚合物科学
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纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 5
·336
·
IF 3.504
Xiong Cao,Peng Deng,Shuangqi Hu,Lijun Ren,Xiaoxia Li,Peng Xiao,Yu Liu
The spherization of nanoenergetic materials is the best way to improve the sensitivity and increase loading densities and detonation properties for weapons and ammunition, but the preparation of spherical nanoenergetic materials with high regularization, uniform size and monodispersity is still a challenge. In this paper, nanoenergetic hollow spherical hexanitrostibene (HNS) derivatives were fabricated via a one-pot copolymerization strategy, which is based on the reaction of HNS and piperazine in acetonitrile solution. Characterization results indicated the as-prepared reaction nanoenergetic products were HNS-derived oligomers, where a free radical copolymerization reaction process was inferred. The hollow sphere structure of the HNS derivatives was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging technology. The properties of the nanoenergetic hollow spherical derivatives, including thermal decomposition and sensitivity are discussed in detail. Sensitivity studies showed that the nanoenergetic derivatives exhibited lower impact, friction and spark sensitivity than raw HNS. Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC) results showed that continuous exothermic decomposition occurred in the whole temperature range, which indicated that nanoenergetic derivatives have a unique role in thermal applications. Therefore, nanoenergetic hollow spherical HNS derivatives could provide a new way to modify the properties of certain energetic compounds and fabricate spherical nanomaterials to improve the charge configuration.Keywords:HNS;spherical nanoparticles;derivatives;hollow;sensitivity
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2019
·
IF 3.375
Shuangfei Zhao,Cong Chen,Peng Zhu,Huanming Xia,Jinyu Shi,Fanyuhui Yan,Ruiqi Shen
A passive micromixer platform, with the assistance of controllable mixing performance, was used for the preparation and morphology control of ultrafine explosives. This method is characterized by high mixing efficiency, safe and easy processing, low solvent consumption, and fast preparation and screening. The preparation of hexanitrostibene (HNS) in the micromixer platform has obvious advantages over the beaker in terms of particle size and particle size distribution. The particle size of HNS prepared in the platform ranges from 91 to 255 nm, while that of the HNS prepared in a beaker ranges from 106 to 615 nm with the same antisolvent/solvent ratio. The particle size of HNS can be controlled to about 100, 150, and 200 nm, and the crystal shape can be controlled to nanoscale, two-dimensional nanosheet, and short rod crystal. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a safe and efficient way of controlling the particle size and crystal shape of explosives.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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爆炸物合成
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Jinjin He,Rui Li,Deyun Tang,Bo Yang,Ping Ye,Guoqing Lv,Zhiqiang Qiao,Xiaodong Li,Guangcheng Yang,Bo Dai
The poor sensitivity of relatively insensitive explosives to near-infrared light limits their potential applications in laser ignition technology. In addition to introducing external sensitizers, regulating the aggregation form of explosive molecules to control their laser ignition performance is another key approach that deserves particular attention. Herein, using hexanitrostilbene (HNS) as the model, the influence of crystal size on its light response characteristics and laser ignition performance was studied. A series of HNS particles with well-controlled sizes ranging from 140 nm to several micrometers were successfully prepared via a microfluidics-based recrystallization method. The as-prepared samples retained the same crystal structure and excellent thermal stability as raw HNS, while exhibiting distinct size-dependent physicochemical properties. Notably, the reduction in crystal size led to enhanced light absorption and altered pyrolysis behavior, both of which are favorable for photothermal energy conversion. Importantly, this size effect remains effective even in the presence of photosensitizers, indicating its intrinsic contribution to light–matter interaction. As a result, the laser ignition delay time of HNS/carbon composites is significantly reduced from 52 ms to 18 ms with decreasing particle size. This work not only demonstrates an efficient, continuous, and safe technical route for the preparation of ultrafine HNS, but also offers valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for the microstructure design of the insensitive explosives for direct laser ignition.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Jinjin He,Deyun Tang,Rui Li,Ping Ye,Zhenqi Zhang,Weimiao Wang,Guoqing Lv,Zhiqiang Qiao,Xiaodong Li,Guangcheng Yang,Bo Dai
An all-energetic HNS/DATNBI composite enables efficient NIR laser ignition. • Surfactant-induced recrystallization enhances DATNBI NIR light absorption. • H-20%D achieves rapid 1064 nm laser ignition with a delay of 71 ms. • The composite exhibits a peak decomposition temperature of 334.6°C. • H-20%D/Al/PVDF film achieves rapid laser ignition with a 10 ms delay. Developing all-energetic composite materials with high laser responsiveness, thermal stability, and energy density is essential for advancing laser ignition technologies under harsh conditions. Herein, a surfactant-assisted recrystallization strategy was developed to construct an all-energetic HNS/DATNBI composite by integrating thermally stable hexanitrostilbene (HNS) with DATNBI as an energetic photosensitizer. Surfactant-regulated recrystallization effectively tailors the crystal morphology and surface microstructure of DATNBI, resulting in significantly enhanced near-infrared (NIR) absorption and photothermal response. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that HNS and DATNBI can spontaneously assemble into a stable composite structure through strong intermolecular non-covalent interactions, with a binding energy of −2.03 eV. The optimized HNS/DATNBI composite can be readily ignited by a 10 W, 1064 nm laser, exhibiting stable combustion with an ignition delay of only 71 ms. Meanwhile, the composite maintains relatively high thermal stability, with a decomposition peak temperature of 334.6°C, together with reduced mechanical sensitivity compared with pristine HNS, achieving a favorable balance between laser ignitability and safety. Furthermore, the NIR-responsive composite was successfully incorporated into an Al/PVDF energetic film, reducing the ignition delay to approximately 10 ms. These results demonstrate that surfactant-regulated recrystallization of an energetic photosensitizer provides an effective strategy for constructing thermally robust and highly NIR-responsive energetic composites. Download: Download high-res image (442KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
·
IF 13.3
Fangbao Jiao,Xiaoqing Zhou,Xiaoqi Sun,Xin Zhou,Min Li,Hongzhen Li,Qi Zhang
The application value of micro-nano hierarchical structure has been widely recognized in many fields, as it can greatly improve the surface performance of particles. Furthermore, the advantages of micro-nano hierarchical structure also bring new opportunities for the performance regulation of energetic materials, as an important material for both civilian and military applications, whose performance directly affects the application areas. This work developed a novel strategy for controlling the construction of compact spherulite of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene(HNS) by utilizing antisolvent specific adsorption to generate noncrystallographic branching combined with the polymer additive to inhibit diffusion. Computational simulations revealed that toluene (TOL) exhibits specific adsorption on the (1 0 0) face of HNS through π-π interactions, while the polymer additive (Poly(acrylic acid), PAA) strongly interacts with each crystal face of HNS through hydrogen bonding, effectively inhibiting diffusion. Based on these findings, compact spherulites of HNS were successfully prepared by controlling supersaturation. The HNS spherulites exhibited superior flowability, specific surface area (11.84 m 2 /g for SP-I, 6.43 m 2 /g for SP-II), porosity (1.94 % for SP-I and 2.14 % for SP-II), and impact sensitivity (impact energy that can withstand increased from 4 J to 32.5 J for SP-I and to 11 J for SP-II). This work not only validates the effectiveness of antisolvent-induced branching in constructing compact spherulite structures, but also provides valuable insights into controlling crystal morphology. Furthermore, this research offers a promising approach to enhancing the safety and performance of energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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含能材料
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晶体工程
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纳米材料
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Dingqiang Zheng,Lei Shi,Ming Zhang,Wei Jiang,Congcong An,Weixing Huang,Hongyang Fei,Chaoyang Zhang
Utilizing abundant and renewable solar energy to produce clean freshwater from the existing seawater and wastewater has been considered a reliable and effective method to alleviate the severe shortage of freshwater currently. However, most of traditional desalination membranes usually showed insufficient photothermal conversion capacity, poor thermal stability, complex preparation procedure, and unsatisfactory water treatment efficiency. Therefore, we mixed as-prepared ultra-long hydroxyapatite nanowires (HNs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for building HNs/CNTs membranes with high photothermal conversion efficiency, porous structure, high water transporting speed and remarkable high-temperature resistance in this work. Under one solar irradiation, the average light absorption of HNs/CNTs membrane was as high as 93%, and the evaporation rate of its integrated evaporator in simulated seawater (3.5 wt% NaCl) was 1.21 kg·m −2 ·h −1 . Meanwhile, the HNs/CNTs membranes have good salt resistance and high Na + removal rate, which makes their integrated evaporators suitable for solar-driven recirculation desalination process . Notably, the HNs/CNTs membranes also have excellent thermal stability, significant refractoriness and good thermal insulation , resulting in high temperature resistance and long-term solar evaporation stability. The water evaporation rate of HNs/CNTs integrated evaporator can be stabilized around 1.43 kg·m −2 ·h −1 and 3.74 kg·m −2 ·h −1 in 10 cycles of experiments under one and three solar irradiations. In addition, the removal rates of MB and RhB after photothermal purification via HNs/CNTs membranes reached up to 99.96% and 100%, respectively, displaying the promising and broad applications in solar desalination and dye wastewater purification.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
·
2021
·Vol. 6
·期 12
·2354-2363
·
IF 4.239
Jinyu Shi,Shuangfei Zhao,Hanyu Jiang,Siyu Xu,Fengqi Zhao,Ruiqi Shen,Yinghua Ye,Peng Zhu
The particle size and particle size distribution of explosives have a great influence on their detonation performance and application. In order to achieve the multi-size preparation of homogeneous explosives, a coaxial microfluidics platform was proposed. As a guide for designing the experiments, a model of crystallization under a microscale flow state was proposed by theoretical analysis. Besides this, the flow characteristics of coaxial microfluidics were investigated experimentally. Herein, 2,2′,4,4′,6,6'hexanitrostibene (HNS) was used to verify the applicability of the platform, which was prepared under different flow rates and flow rate ratios (R). It was found that homogeneous HNS samples with different particle sizes could be prepared using coaxial microfluidics. Furthermore, a size control model of HNS using coaxial microfluidics was established based on experimental data. This study demonstrates an efficient, safe strategy to realize the size- and uniformity-controllable preparation of explosives.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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炸药技术
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微流控
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Xiaolan SONG,Jie WANG,Yi WANG,Chongwei AN,Fengsheng LI
Utilizing micro-channel technology and meticulously regulating the differential flow rates of the oil and water phases, we successfully synthesized remarkably spherical nB/F 2602 /HNS (hexanitrostilben)microspheres, measuring approximately 200 μm in diameter. The morphological and compositional characteristics of these microspheres were thoroughly analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and laser microscopy. Meanwhile, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the catalytic effects of the microspheres on the thermal decomposition of ADN(Ammonium dinitramide)/DAP-4((C 6 H 14 N 2 )[NH4(ClO 4 ) 3 ]), employing thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and burst point assessments. The combustion performance of ADN/DAP-4, both prior to and following the incorporation of nB/F 2602 (fluoroelastomer)/HNS microspheres, was evaluated through high-speed imaging, high-sensitivity infrared thermography, and combustion calorimetry measurements. Furthermore, this study contemplated the combustion mechanism of nB/F 2602 /HNS microspheres. The findings indicated that, after adding nB/F 2602 /HNS microspheres, the thermal decomposition activation energy of ADN/DAP-4 was significantly reduced. These results revealed that the introduction of nB/F 2602 /HNS microspheres markedly enhanced the combustion intensity of ADN/DAP-4, with the pressurization rate accelerating dramatically from 0.55 MPa/s to 3.47 MPa/s. As the burning rate escalated, the maximum combustion temperature increased from 1697°C to 1788°C, and the combustion heat surged from −4478 kJ/kg to −17593 kJ/kg. Moreover, the comparative experimental outcomes, when juxtaposed with samples based on micro-boron (μB), reveal that nano-boron (nB) exhibits a superior burning rate and combustion efficiency. Consequently, the collective findings of these experiments emphatically indicate that nB/F 2602 /HNS markedly enhances the thermolytic and combustion processes of ADN/DAP-4.
研究领域:
含能材料
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推进剂化学
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燃烧工程
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材料合成
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热分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）