The widespread use of neonicotinoids has raised growing concerns about their potential health risks. In this study, we developed a robust and high-throughput analytical method based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) for the simultaneous determination of 11 neonicotinoids and their 6 metabolites in human urine. After pretreatment of LLE and dSPE, qualitative and confirmatory analysis was achieved using tMS 2 acquisition of HPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and quantitative analysis was performed using isotope-labeled internal standards and matrix-matched calibration curves. The method was validated with good linearity ( R 2 > 0.9975), recoveries of 75.8%~118.9% (RSDs < 15%), and detection limits of 0.001~0.06 μg/L. The established method was successfully applied to urine samples of community-dwelling elderly population individuals ( n = 150) and to a suspected case of acute acetamiprid poisoning in Ningxia, China. The results showed that thirteen neonicotinoids and metabolites were detected in the elderly cohort, and the poisoning incident was confirmed to be caused by acetamiprid and its metabolite N-desmethyl-acetamiprid. Meanwhile, Spearman correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between parent compounds and their metabolites for all analytes except acetamiprid, and a strong correlation between clothianidin and thiamethoxam, suggesting shared exposure sources or common metabolic pathways. The established method is sensitive, accurate, and high-throughput, and has proven reliable for human biomonitoring and health risk assessment of neonicotinoid exposure. Graphical
Introduction: Microorganisms as a component of scalp ecosystem play a vital role in human scalp health. Soapberry pericarp is employed in improving scalp health, and its content of active ingredients could be enhanced resulted in fermentation. This study aims to investigate the effect of the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp on the diversity of scalp microorganisms.Methods: The components in fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp were analyzed by HPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and 16S and ITS sequences of 198 samples from three different used stages (Day 0, Day 7, Day 28) were sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq platform. Microbial diversity was assessed using alpha diversity (Chao1 and Shannon indexes) and beta diversity (weighted unifrac and unweighted unifrac). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analysis (LEfSe) were used to visualize microbial variation among different stages.Results: There were 22 components were identified in the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp by HPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analyses showed that scalp microbial diversity and composition were influenced by the fermentation filtrate of soapberry pericarp. Based on functional analysis, this study found an enrichment of healthy scalp-related bacterial pathways, such as amino acid, nucleoside, and nucleotide biosynthesis, while a decrease in fungal pathogenesis pathways, specifically saprotroph and symbiotroph pathways, was observed.Discussion: The study described about the complex community dynamics of human scalp microorganisms during the stages of using the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp. This result will help rationally utilize the fermentation filtrate from soapberry pericarp to keep or improve human scalp health.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）