PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2024
·Vol. 49
·期 7
·e202400021
·
IF 1.7
Liyuan Ren,Licong Jiang,Kang Chen,Qirui Guo,Leqin Xiao,Weiliang Zhou
This article studied a novel method for extrusion-printing additive manufacturing (AM) of composite solid propellant by fast curing isocyanated-HTPB and HTPB, which were blended and extruded via a static mixer. The gel time and tack-free time of isocyanated-HTPB with HTPB or diamines were extensively studied to screen for the potential formulation of extrusion-printing. Upon the results of computational fluid dynamics simulation on the mixing effect of the static mixer, the formulation with 7 min gel time and 2.5 h tack-free time was selected for extrusion-printing experiment. The shape retaining characteristic of the formulations with 72 wt %, 75 wt %, 80 wt %, and 85 wt % solid content was qualitatively studied by printing the points, fibers, fiber arrays, and multilayer samples under fixed printing parameters, such as the slurry flux, the nozzle moving speed, and air pressure etc. The results showed that the curing rate and solid content play an important role in the free standing property of the slurry printed. A 3D sample with a complex geometric shape, which has 15 layers,18.5 mm in height, and 20.1 mm in outer diameter, was successfully extrusion-printed by fast curing the slurry with the formulation of 85 wt % solid content. Its tensile strength and elongation at break are 0.33 MPa and 39.9 %, respectively. SEM observation showed that the internal morphology of the sample printed is dense and uniform. The results demonstrated that extrusion-printing AM by fast curing two components is a potential candidate AM method for composite solid propellants with high solid content.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 44
·期 44
·19184-19191
·
IF 3.288
Jing Tu,Heng Xu,Li Liang,Pingyun Li,Xiaode Guo
The problem of debonding the interface between propellant grain and propellant coating has been a tricky problem that has puzzled many scholars. Self-healing adhesives are expected to solve this problem. Herein, we studied the most widely used HTPB system in composite propellants. By adopting free radical polymerized HTPB as the soft segment of the adhesive and introducing aromatic disulfides, we successfully prepared a self-healing polyurethane adhesive. The adhesive can self-heal at a safe temperature of 80 °C, with an elongation at break of more than 700% and a self-healing efficiency of up to 97%, and has excellent thermal stability. The interface self-healing experiment showed that the adhesive can recover the debonding damage at the interface. Our results will provide a new insight into the rebonding of the interface between propellant grain and coating.
研究领域:
材料科学
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航空航天工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 9
·1248
·
IF 4.7
Pengzhi Bi,Xiuzhong Zhu,Li Tian,Jinbang Han,Wanbin Zhang,Tong Wang
In recent years, a great deal of work has been devoted to the development of thermoresponsive polymers that can be made into new types of smart materials. In this paper, a branched polymer, HTPB-g-(PNIPAM/PEG), with polyolefin chain segments as the backbone and having polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as side chains was synthesized by ATRP and click reactions using N3-HTPB-Br as the macroinitiator. This initiator was designed and synthesized using hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as the substrate. The temperature-responsive behavior of the branched polymer was investigated. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the branched polymer was determined by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis) and was found to be 35.2 °C. The relationship between the diameter size of micelles and temperature was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was found that the diameter size changed at 36 °C, which was nearly consistent with the result obtained by UV-vis. The results of the study indicate that HTPB-g-(PNIPAM/PEG) is a temperature-responsive polymer. At room temperature, the polymer can self-assemble into composite micelles, with the main chain as the core and the branched chain as the shell. When the temperature was increased beyond LCST, the polyolefin main chain along with the PNIPAM branched chain assembled to form the nucleus, and the PEG branched chain constituted the shell.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2024
·
IF 0
Hongwei Gao,Hongsheng Yu,Yue Tang,Xiaodong Yu,Wei Zhang,Luigi T. DeLuca,Ruiqi Shen
ABSTRACT Low regression rate due to difficult pyrolysis is a major challenge in the practical application of terminated hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based fuels in hybrid rocket propulsion. Accelerating the decomposition of the polymer matrix is an effective method to improve the regression rate of HTPB fuels. To determine the difference in combustion performance between different transition metal oxides loaded HTPB-based fuels, nickel oxide (NiO), ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), copper oxide (CuO) and manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) were introduced into the HTPB matrix at 5% mass fraction. The experimental results showed that the metal oxides could significantly catalyze the pyrolysis of HTPB-based fuels and enhance the fuel regression rate, and the catalytic effect was mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages of the thermal decomposition process of polybutadiene components. Among the four transition metal oxides, CuO and MnO 2 showed better catalytic effects on the combustion performance of HTPB-based fuels in the high oxygen mass flux region, while NiO showed better catalytic effects in the low oxygen mass flux region. The present study compares the regression rate of fuel grains modified with different transition metal oxides, which provides a basis for the selection of future catalysts, verifies the catalytic effect of the transition metal oxides on the combustion of HTPB-based fuels and further analyzes the combustion reaction mechanism of the fuels.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
航空航天技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION
·
2014
·
IF 1.357
Yan-Ling Luo,Jing-Yu Fu,Feng Xu,Ya-Shao Chen,Bin Zhang
Thermo-sensitive poly(N-isoproplacrylamide)m-block-hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-block-poly(N-isoproplacrylamide)m (PNIPAMm-b-HTPB-b-PNIPAMm, m = 1 or 2) block copolymers, AB4 four-armed star multiblock and linear triblock copolymers, were synthesized by ATRP with HTPB as central blocks, and characterization was performed by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and size exclusion chromatography. The multiblock copolymers could spontaneously assemble into more regular spherical core–shell nanoscale micelles than the linear triblock copolymer. The physicochemical properties were detected by a surface tension, nanoparticle analyzer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis measurements. The multiblock copolymer micelles had lower critical micelle concentration than the linear counterpart, TEM size from 100 to 120 nm, and the hydrodynamic diameters below 150 nm. The micelles exhibited thermo-dependent size change, with low critical solution temperature of about 33–35 °C. The characteristic parameters were affected by the composition ratios, length of PNIPAM blocks, and molecular architectures. The camptothecin release demonstrated that the drug release was thermo-responsive, accompanied by the temperature-induced structural changes of the micelles. MTT assays were performed to evaluate the biocompatibility or cytotoxicity of the prepared copolymer micelles.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
药物递送系统
·
生物材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2021
·
IF 0
Hongsheng Yu,Xiaodong Yu,Suhang Chen,Wei Zhang,Luigi T. DeLuca,Ruiqi Shen
The slow regression rate caused by the difficulty of pyrolysis can not meet the practical application requirements of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based fuels in hybrid rocket propulsion. Accelerating the decomposition of polymer matrix has become a new method to enhance the regression rate of HTPB fuels. For determining the difference of combustion performance between different acetylacetone (acac) complex loaded HTPB-based fuels, Fe(acac) 3 , Ni(acac) 2 , and Cu(acac) 2 are introduced into the HTPB matrix with 5 wt%, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the acetylacetone complexes can catalyze the pyrolysis of HTPB matrix hence increasing the regression rate of fuel grains: 5 wt% Fe, Ni, and Cu acetylacetone enhance the regression rate of HTPB fuels by 13.8%, 15.5%, and 11.4% at G ox = 50 kg/m 2 s. And the gap in regression rate between three complex loaded fuels is originated from the influence of many factors such as catalytic effect, combustion heat, and combustion products, etc. This study compares the regression rate of different acetylacetone complex loaded fuels for future catalyst selection, and explains the corresponding combustion mechanism.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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推进技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
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2024
·
IF 8.4
Zhenjie Ma,Xiangshang Chen,Gaoyang Zhou,Yue Jia,Huayan Chen,Xiaolong Lu
A stability-enhanced extraction gel membrane (EGM) with a thin functional layer of carrier for metal ion recovery was prepared and improved by cross-linking technology. Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was used as the coupling agent to form a cross-linked network skeleton. Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and HTPB were hydrosilylated to form a compact cross-linked structure. In addition, the D2EHPA (carrier) was fixed on polymer cross-linked structure. The prepared stability-enhanced EGM was characterized by SEM, EDS, ATR-IR, XPS . The influence of preparation parameters was studied and compared systematically. The optimum preparation conditions obtained from the data indicate that the total polymer concentration is 8 wt%, the mass ratio of HTPB/PMHS is 1:2, and the mass ratio of TEOS/VTES is 1:1. After 72 h of stability experiments, the mass transfer flux decreased from 2065.46 mg m −2 h −1 –1718.82 mg m −2 h −1 , the overall flux attenuation rate is only 16.8 %, which is 50.8 % lower than that of EGM without surface enhancing layer. In comparison, the flux attenuation rate of the traditional supported liquid membrane (SLM) even reached 100 % after 66 h. Therefore, the stability-enhanced EGM prepared in this study presents obviously higher operating stability compared with the EGMs operated at same conditions. The results suggest a potential approach for metal ions removal from water with high efficiency and stability.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Crystals
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·258
·
IF 2.4
Yanjie Huang,Kanghua Chang,Jie Yao,Xueyong Guo,Chen Shen,Shi Yan
To enhance both the mechanical properties of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder and the combustion efficiency of aluminized propellants, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1,6-hexanediol (OFHD) was employed as a chain extender to impart mechanical regulation to the HTPB binder. Mechanical testing showed that the mechanical properties of fluoride-modified HTPB polyurethane (FPU) were significantly improved: the peak tensile strength of the optimized samples reached 1.99 MPa, and the elongation at break attained 486%. The structural characterization of the FPUs was conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermogravimetry-mass spectrometer (TG-MS) analysis revealed that the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the FPU shifted from 170 °C to 162 °C, accompanied by the release of fluorine-containing fragments during decomposition. Analysis of the combustion residue indicated that the addition of OFHD can reduce the agglomeration of aluminum (Al) powder in aluminized propellants. Dynamic pressure characteristics results showed an augmented pressurization rate under argon and oxygen atmospheres, increased by 18.67% and 37.29%, respectively. Heat release tests indicated that the aluminized propellants with the addition of OFHD had a higher combustion heat, being increased by 6.57%. The binder system is expected to be applied in aluminized propellants to improve the mechanical properties and combustion efficiency of Al powder.
研究领域:
推进剂化学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Huanhuan Gao,Jianzhong Liu,Zhihao Sun,Fan Zhang
In-situ assembly of three molecular perovskite energetic materials (DAP-2, DAP-4, and DAN-2) with ammonium perchlorate as the energetic eutectic oxidizer, the performance mechanism of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant was investigated. This comprehensive study examined the thermal decomposition behavior and combustion-agglomeration characteristics of the eutectic oxidizers at pressures of 0.1–8.0 MPa. Experimental results demonstrated that the synthesized molecular perovskite energetic eutectic oxidizers exhibited significant redox reactions during thermal decomposition and combustion within the propellant. The reactions were accompanied by releasing superoxide ions, which notably enhanced combustion performance and energy release. The eutectic core-shell structure improved interfacial contact, leading to increased heat and mass transfer efficiency. As a result, shorter combustion times and increased burning rates were observed, with DAP-4 demonstrating the best overall performance among the five energetic materials. Additionally, the average agglomerate sizes ( D 50 ) for RDX, HMX, DAP-2, DAP-4, and DAN-2-based propellants near the burning surface were 161.11 μm, 92.51 μm, 40.64 μm, 30.30 μm, and 41.16 μm, respectively. The agglomeration degree of the propellants based on molecular perovskite energetic materials was significantly lower than that of the RDX and HMX-based propellants. This reduction in agglomeration is attributed to the thin molten skeleton layer and the high-temperature oxidizing gases produced by the molecular perovskite energetic eutectic oxidizers, which effectively suppressed aluminum particle agglomeration near the burning surface. This dual mechanism ultimately resulted in a significant enhancement in propellant performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂工程
·
热化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2018
·Vol. 43
·期 7
·637-641
·
IF 1.749
Naimeng Song,Jianchao Liu,Guoying Zhang,Zhenzhan Yan,Hongxu Gao,Li Yang
This paper describes the preparation of two combustion catalysts Tannin-Fe (Ta−Fe) and Phloroglucinol-Fe (Ph−Fe) by spray drying. The particle size and morphology of the particles are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of SEM image show that the particles are regular spherical and very good dispersion. The diameter of most spherical particles is about 1 μm. The effects of Ta−Fe and Ph−Fe on the thermal decomposition of RDX and AP were tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). DSC dates show that Ta−Fe and Ph−Fe can advance the high temperature exothermic peak of AP 18.0 °C and 16.1 °C, respectively. The burning rates illustrates that both Ta−Fe and Ph−Fe can significantly increase the combustion rate of HTPB propellants. The formulation with 2 mass% Ta−Fe shows an average 21.31 % increase in burning rate and has a low value of the exponent n=0.48. The formulation with 2 mass%Ph−Fe has a burning rate 20 to 60 % larger than that of the initial AP/HTPB/Al formulation, and has a lowest exponent n=0.45.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Ming Zhang,Fengqi Zhao,Ying Wang,Xueli Chen,Qing Pei,Huixiang Xu,Haixia Hao,Yanjing Yang,Hui Li
A novel graphene-ferrocene nanocomposite (G-792-Fe) was designed, prepared and characterized systemically using SEM, EDS, FTIR, XPS and RAMAN methods. The as-synthesized G-792-Fe was used as a multifunctional combustion catalyst in ammonium perchlorate-hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (AP-HTPB) propellant, and the combustion, anti-migration, safety and mechanical performances of AP-HTPB propellant were revealed. The results showed that anchoring on the surface of graphene can effectively inhibit the migration and volatilization of ferrocene compounds in AP-HTPB propellant. The excellent combustion catalytic performance of G-792-Fe on AP-HTPB propellant (burning rate of AP-HTPB propellant containing G-792-Fe increases from 13.87 mm·s −1 to 17.28 mm·s −1 at 15 MPa) is attributed to its positive effect on AP decomposition, which generates more gas-phase products beneficial to the combustion surface thermal feedback and the gaseous REDOX reaction. Additionally, the G-792-Fe presents positive effects on reducing the electrostatic sensitivity and improving the mechanical properties of AP-HTPB propellant. The ignition energy ( E 50 ) and the maximum tensile strength (σ m ) of AP-HTPB propellant containing G-792-Fe were increased by 24.4 mJ and 0.75 MPa respectively, compared with AP-HTPB propellant containing catocene (156.8 mJ and 1.26 MPa). The positive effects of G-792-Fe on safety and mechanical performances of AP-HTPB propellant can be due the outstanding electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-based material. Results of this study have implications concerning design and application of multifunctional combustion catalyst, which can improve the combustion performance, anti-migration performance, safety performance and mechanical properties of AP-HTPB propellant.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂工程
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Aerospace
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 9
·800
·
IF 2.6
Hongsheng Yu,Xiaodong Yu,Hongwei Gao,Luigi T. DeLuca,Wei Zhang,Ruiqi Shen
The slow regression rate induced by the high pyrolysis difficulty has limited the application and development of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based fuels in hybrid rocket propulsion. Nickel oxide (NiO) shows the possibility of increasing the regression rate of HTPB-based fuels by catalyzing the pyrolysis process of the polymer matrix in our previous investigation; hence, this paper studies the NiO particles in the thermal decomposition and combustion of HTPB fuel grains. The DSC/TG test shows that NiO can intensely decrease the thermal stability of HTPB, and the catalytic effect of NiO is mainly reflected in the final decomposition stages of polybutadiene components. 5 wt% NiO enhances the regression rate by 19.4% and 13.7% under an oxygen mass flux of 50 kg/m2s and 150 kg/m2s, respectively. Further investigation shows that NiO particles will also cause the reduction of combustion heat and the agglomeration at the regressing surface while catalyzing the pyrolysis process, improving the thermal conductivity, and promoting the radiative heat transfer of the HTPB-based fuels; thus, more NiO additive (5 wt% < [NiO] ≤ 10 wt%) does not lead to a faster regression rate in HTPB-based fuels. This study demonstrates the catalytic effect of NiO on the polymer matrix for HTPB-based fuels, showing the attractive application prospects of this additive in HTPB-containing fuel grains.Keywords:hybrid rocket propulsion;HTPB;combustion characteristics;regression rate;catalytic pyrolysis;nickel oxide
研究领域:
航空航天工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）