Insects
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2021
·Vol. 12
·期 6
·507
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IF 2.769
Yan Lu,Shouyu Zhang,Shibo Sun,Minghuo Wu,Yongming Bao,Huiyan Tong,Miaomiao Ren,Ning Jin,Jianqiang Xu,Hao Zhou,Weiping Xu
Simple SummaryBlack soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have received global research interest and industrial application due to their high performance on the organic waste treatment. However, the substrate C/N property, which may affect larvae development and the waste bioconversion process greatly, is significantly less studied. The current study focused on the food waste treatment by BSFL, compared the nitrogen supplying effects of 9 nitrogen species (i.e., NH4Cl, NaNO3, urea, uric acid, Gly, L-Glu, L-Glu:L-Asp (1:1,w/w), soybean flour, and fish meal), and further examined the C/N effects on the larval development and bioconversion process. We found that NH4Cl and NaNO3led to poor larval growth and survival, while 7 organic nitrogen species exerted no harm to the larvae. Urea was further chosen to adjust the C/Ns. Results showed that lowering the C/N from the initial 21:1 to 18:1–14:1 improved the waste reduction and larvae production performance, and C/N of 18:1–16:1 was further beneficial for the larval protein and lipid bioconversion, whereas C/N of 12:1–10:1 resulted in a significant performance decline. Therefore, the C/N range of 18:1–16:1 is likely the optimal condition for food waste treatment by BSFL and adjusting food waste C/N with urea could be a practical method for the performance improvement.AbstractBiowaste treatment by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL,Hermetia illucens) has received global research interest and growing industrial application. Larvae farming conditions, such as temperature, pH, and moisture, have been critically examined. However, the substrate carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), one of the key parameters that may affect larval survival and bioconversion efficiency, is significantly less studied. The current study aimed to compare the nitrogen supplying effects of 9 nitrogen species (i.e., NH4Cl, NaNO3, urea, uric acid, Gly, L-Glu, L-Glu:L-Asp (1:1,w/w), soybean flour, and fish meal) during food waste larval treatment, and further examine the C/N effects on the larval development and bioconversion process, using the C/N adjustment with urea from the initial 21:1 to 18:1, 16:1, 14:1, 12:1, and 10:1, respectively. The food wastes were supplied with the same amount of nitrogen element (1 g N/100 g dry wt) in the nitrogen source trial and different amount of urea in the C/N adjustment trial following larvae treatment. The results showed that NH4Cl and NaNO3caused significant harmful impacts on the larval survival and bioconversion process, while the 7 organic nitrogen species resulted in no significant negative effect. Further adjustment of C/N with urea showed that the C/N range between 18:1 and 14:1 was optimal for a high waste reduction performance (73.5–84.8%,p< 0.001) and a high larvae yield (25.3–26.6%,p= 0.015), while the C/N range of 18:1 to 16:1 was further optimal for an efficient larval protein yield (10.1–11.1%,p= 0.003) and lipid yield (7.6–8.1%,p= 0.002). The adjustment of C/N influenced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD,p= 0.015), whereas exerted no obvious impact on the larval amino acid composition. Altogether, organic nitrogen is more suitable than NH4Cl and NaNO3as the nitrogen amendment during larval food waste treatment, addition of small amounts of urea, targeting C/N of 18:1–14:1, would improve the waste reduction performance, and application of C/N at 18:1–16:1 would facilitate the larval protein and lipid bioconversion process.Keywords:nitrogen source;carbon to nitrogen ratio;food waste;urea;black soldier fly larvae;Hermetia illucens
研究领域:
环境科学
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昆虫学
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废弃物处理
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Metabolites
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·286
·
IF 5.581
Bo Ye,Jian Li,Lijun Xu,Hui Liu,Manjun Yang
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal have been used as feed protein supplements in fish feed, but few researches have investigated the metabolomic effects ofHermetia illucenslarvae meal supplements. Therefore, the metabolic effects on Nile tilapia were investigated by replacing 5%, 10%, and 20% of the dietary soybean meal in the basal diet withHermetia illucenslarvae meal, respectively. This study shows that 20%H. illucenslarvae meal feed could promote tilapia average daily gain of upto 5.03 ± 0.18 g (mean ± SEM). It was found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle efficiency was improved by activating the enzymes of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase, NAD-malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, which then increased the output of ATP and NADH. Furthermore, amino acid and protein biosynthesis was boosted by enhanced glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. In particular, GSH increased with increasedH. illucenslarvae meal. Unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis was stimulated by higher levels of fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase. Additionally, there was no significant change in lipase levels. Thus, the higher acetyl Co-A content was primarily involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism. Flavor substances, such as nonanal and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, also accumulated with the addition ofH. illucenslarvae meal, which increased the umami taste and meat flavor. Additionally, the flavor of tilapia was improved owing to a decrease in trimethylamine content, which causes an earthy and fishy taste. This study uncovers a previously unknown metabolic effect of dietaryH. illucenslarvae meal on Nile tilapia.Keywords:Hermetia illucenslarvae meal (HLM);feed;Oreochromis niloticus;metabolome;metabolomic effect
研究领域:
水产养殖
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营养学
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代谢组学
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鱼类生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Qingzhi Ding,Yuan Zheng,Yongqi Zhu,Huamin Yang,Lin Luo,Haile Ma,Xiaoran Li
The individual and combined inhibitory activities of propolis extract (PE) and Hermetia illucens larval proteins (Black soldier fly larvae proteins) (BSFLP) against Aspergillus niger were investigated. The antifungal effects of PE, BSFLP and Synergy of PE and BSFLP (SPB) against Aspergillus niger were determined by mycelial growth , spore germination rate and hyphal elongation. Membrane integrity was measured by assessing changes in extracellular proteins, reducing sugars, and electrical conductivity . Intracellular MDA , H 2 O 2 , ergosterol , and mannan contents were also evaluated. SEM was used to observe the morphology of the Aspergillus niger mycelium . Additionally, AutoDock Tools software and multi-ligand docking methods were used to study the synergistic interactions of ligand combinations on the receptor. The results showed that the combination of PE and BSFLP had excellent effects. During the treatment of antifungal agents, the membrane permeability changed and a large amount of content leaked, while control check (CK) remained almost unchanged. Ergosterol content was found to increase, while mannan content decreased significantly, leading to cell death. In addition, SPB can cause abnormal accumulation of MDA and H 2 O 2 , leading to oxidative stress in cells. SEM results showed that morphology of Aspergillus niger treated with SPB was severe wrinkling, distortion and even breakage. Multi-ligand docking results showed that the binding affinity of receptor 1KS5 to 14 complex ligands increased, as indicated by the decrease in docking energy values. These results provide scientific basis for further study on the application of SPB and development of effective antifungal products.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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药理学
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DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2019
·
IF 6.044
Pengfei Zhou,Jingbo Li,Tao Yan,Xuping Wang,Jing Huang,Zheshi Kuang,Mingqiang Ye,Mushui Pan
Selectivity of deproteinization and demineralization using natural deep eutectic solvents for preparation of insect chitin ( Hermetia illucens ) was investigated. The relationships between the pH and pKa values of NADESs and demineralization, deproteinization and crystallinity indexes of the obtained chitin were discussed, respectively. It was found that the acidic NADESs consist of basic hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and acidic hydrogen bond donor (HBD), or the alkali NADESs composed of acid HBA and alkali HBD were better for chitin products. After reused for three times, demineralization and deproteinization abilities of NADESs were not significantly decreased. Mechanistic analysis indicated that H + released from HBA or HBD was the main reason for demineralization, whereas intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond in NADESs facilitates the removal of protein. Overall, this report provides a preliminary reference for design of the sustainable NADESs for preparation of chitin from natural resources.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
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2020
·Vol. 44
·期 5
·e13186
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IF 1.662
Ding Zhu,Xuewei Huang,Fen Tu,Cunwen Wang,Fang Yang
Black soldier fly larvae protein (BLP) was hydrolyzed using alcalase, neutrase, trypsin, and papain. The BLP hydrolysates (BLPHs) were fractionated by ultrafiltration into three peptide fractions of molecular weight (<3 kDa, 3–10 kDa and >10 kDa). Their antioxidant activities in vitro and the amino acid composition were determined. Results showed that the alcalase was more efficient in hydrolyzing the BLP into oligopeptides. BLPHs-I presented the best scavenging activity to superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, DPPH, and ABTS radicals. The best scavenging activities were found in BLPHs-I containing high levels of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids. Seventeen novel sequences with typical features of well-known antioxidant proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Results demonstrated that BLPHs-I possesses a great capacity as antioxidant peptides applied in functional foods. Practical applications Black soldier fly larvae protein (BLP) can also be hydrolyzed to produce antioxidant peptides and their sequences were identified. It can be used in pharmaceutical products and functional foods.
研究领域:
食品科学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2024
·
IF 10.7
Ying Wang,Hanlu Chen,Xiaoli Liu,Jingxuan Song,Senxin Xu,Reziwanguli Abulaiti,Dongmei Han,Yang Hu,Zhihua Wang,Fubo Gu
Hermetia illucens , with a short growth cycle, is promising as a valuable source of chitin. However, the optimal method for extracting chitin from this insect and its application for hemostasis has not been addressed. This work employed an environmentally friendly choline chloride-lactic acid deep eutectic solvent technology to extract chitin effectively from the Hermetia illucens pupae shells, realizing one-step removal of inorganic salts and proteins. The extraction process was optimized through the response surface methodology, which identified the optimal temperature (92 °C), time (5.6 h), and liquid-solid ratio (20 mL/g) as the conditions that yielded the highest chitin yield (28.40 %) and the highest purity (96.93 %). The structural characterization of the extracted chitin revealed an α-type structure with favorable thermal stability. Furthermore, by regulating the degree of deacetylation, we optimized the degree of protonation of chitin for producing a series of chitosan (Cts), thereby enabling the production of Cts2 with excellent in vitro hemostatic properties. The superior hemostatic performance of Cts2 can be attributed to significantly superior platelet adhesion, achieved preferred adsorption of fibrinogen, and improved blood coagulation. This work provides a theoretical basis for the efficient extraction and high-value application of chitin from Hermetia illucens .
研究领域:
生物化学
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材料科学
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医学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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2024
·
IF 8
Qingcheng Cao,Cuncheng Liu,Li Chen,Yuanhang Qin,Tielin Wang,Cunwen Wang
Hermetia illucens larvae showcases remarkable bioremediation capabilities for both antibiotics and heavy metal contaminants. However, the distinctions in larval intestinal microbiota arising from the single and combined effects of antibiotics and heavy metals remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we delved into the details of larval intestinal bacterial communities and microbial metabolites when exposed to single and combined contaminants of oxytetracycline (OTC) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). After conversion, single contaminant-spiked substrate showed 75.5% of OTC degradation and 95.2% of Cr(VI) reductiuon, while combined contaminant-spiked substrate exhibited 71.3% of OTC degradation and 93.4% of Cr(VI) reductiuon. Single and combined effects led to differences in intestinal bacterial communities, mainly reflected in the genera of Enterococcus , Pseudogracilibacillus , Gracilibacillus , Wohlfahrtiimonas , Sporosarcina , Lysinibacillus , and Myroide . Moreover, these effects also induced differences across various categories of microbial metabolites, which categorized into amino acid and its metabolites, benzene and substituted derivatives, carbohydrates and its metabolites, heterocyclic compounds , hormones and hormone-related compounds, nucleotide and its metabolites, and organic acid and its derivatives. In particular, the differences induced OTC was greater than that of Cr(VI), and combined effects increased the complexity of microbial metabolism compared to that of single contaminant. Correlation analysis indicated that the bacterial genera, Preudogracilibacillus , Enterococcus , Sporosarcina , Lysinibacillus , Wohlfahrtiimonas , Ignatzschineria , and Fusobacterium exhibited significant correlation with significant differential metabolites, these might be used as indicators for the resistance and bioremediation of OTC and Cr(VI) contaminants. These findings are conducive to further understanding that the metabolism of intestinal microbiota determines the resistance of Hermetia illucens to antibiotics and heavy metals.
研究领域:
环境科学
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微生物学
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生态毒理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）