MACROMOLECULES
·
2016
·
IF 5.554
Wei Xu,Ruoyu Zhang,Wei Liu,Jin Zhu,Xia Dong,Hongxia Guo,Guo-Hua Hu
Shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane (SMTPU) containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in hard segment has excellent shape recoverability even after large strain deformation. However, the underlying mechanism of shape recovery remains unclear. In this study, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) in the polyurethane is gradually substituted by IPDI, and multiscale effects are examined by normal and dichroic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), and mechanical test. Contradictory to the traditional conclusion, the degree of microphase separation decreases as the content of IPDI increases, while the macroscopic shape recoverability is largely improved. With dichroic FTIR and SAXS, we find that the morphology of hard phases changed from lamellar-like to fibrillar-like, which is more stable under stretching. SMFS experiments discover that IPDI could increase the elasticity of polymer chain and could endow the hard phases with “elastic” under stress. With these two factors, we are able to explain the high recoverability of the SMTPU containing IPDI.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2023
·Vol. 48
·期 6
·e202300022
·
IF 1.8
Ximing Zhang,Peng Jin,Wenhao Liu,Tianqi Li,Shuang Liu,Wu Yang,Cong Zhu,Mengze Zheng,Yunjun Luo
In this work, the energetic thermoplastic polymers were synthesized with different ratios of energetic prepolymer glycidyl azide (GAP) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and used as the binder to prepare fuel-rich propellants based on Al−Mg. The results showed that energetic thermoplastic polymer enabled the fuel-rich propellant a faster flame spread, greater flame strength, and a stronger injection effect of metal droplets. The weight loss (Δ m ) of the propellants increased with GAP content, while the weight loss rate ( D max ) increased similarly. The Δ m increased from 7.92 % to 9.86 % and D max from −0.23 % ⋅ °C −1 to −0.35 % ⋅ °C −1 in the range 100–256.5 °C. The propellant with the highest GAP content (85GAP-Prop) had the lowest apparent activation energy (150.77 kJ ⋅ mol −1 ). The average pressure rate of 85GAP-Prop burning in a closed bomb reached 7.67 MPa ⋅ s −1 and the maximum instantaneous pressure rate could reach 16.52 MPa ⋅ s −1 , significantly higher than the other propellants. The combustion products analysis indicated that the higher GAP content in the GAP-IPDI energetic thermoplastic polymer more significantly reduced the agglomeration of Al particles and improved the loosening of the combustion products. The rapid combustion gas generation characteristic and energy release of energetic thermoplastic polymer enhanced the combustion characteristics of the fuel-rich propellant based on Al−Mg, which promoted dispersion level between the metal droplets. This work provides insight into the combustion principles and performance improvements of fuel-rich propellant based on Al−Mg.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2022
·
IF 6.206
Shuhui Liu,Hui Xie,Qingmin Cao,Yujie Ning,Yihan Song,Chengdong Zhang,Bin Liu
This research aims to improve the protective performance of coatings in harsh corrosive conditions by using functionalized self-healing microcapsules. CeO 2 /PUF MCs and PUF MCs were prepared via one-step emulsion polymerization . The microcapsules were implanted into epoxy coatings to investigate their self-healing performance. Multiple testing techniques, including SEM, FTIR, XRD , TGA , EIS , and NSS were used to characterize the morphology, crystal structure, chemical composition, thermal properties, and self-healing performance of the microcapsules and coatings. The experimental results indicated that the CeO 2 /PUF MCs had a spherical core-shell structure with a rough surface and an average diameter of 1583 nm. Meanwhile, the minimum corrosion products and the highest low-frequency impedance were found in CeO 2 /PUF MCs coating with artificial scratch, which demonstrated that the self-healing and anti-corrosion performance were significantly improved by the newly developed bi-functional microcapsules.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
涂层技术
·
腐蚀科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 16
·2246
·
IF 4.7
Wu Yang,Zhengmao Ding,Cong Zhu,Tianqi Li,Wenhao Liu,Yunjun Luo
In order to determine the curing reaction model and corresponding parameters of hydroxyl-terminated block copolyether (HTPE) and provide a theoretical reference for its practical application, the non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method was used to analyze the curing processes of three curing systems with HTPE and N-100 (an aliphatic polyisocyanate curing agent), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and a mixture of N-100 and IPDI as curing agents. The results show that the curing activation energy of N-100 and HTPE was about 69.37 kJ/mol, slightly lower than the curing activation energy of IPDI and HTPE (75.60 kJ/mol), and the curing activation energy of the mixed curing agent and HTPE was 69.79 kJ/mol. The curing process of HTPE conformed to the autocatalytic reaction model. The non-catalytic reaction order (n) of N-100 and HTPE was about 1.2, and the autocatalytic order (m) was about 0.3, both lower than those of IPDI and HTPE. The reaction kinetics parameters of the N-100 and IPDI mixed curing agent with HTPE were close to those of N-100 and HTPE. The verification results indicate a high degree of overlap between the experimental data and the calculated data.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2026
·Vol. 37
·期 7
·e70693
·
IF 3.8
Hanxin Zhang
Polyurea (PUA) elastomers are highly promising as protective coatings due to their exceptional energy dissipation against dynamic impact. However, conventional PUA suffers from low structural rigidity, and introducing rigid nanofillers often causes severe agglomeration and weak interfacial bonding, thereby hindering the simultaneous improvement of strength and toughness. To address these challenges, an interfacial covalent bridging strategy is developed to prepare isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)-modified boron carbide (m-B 4 C) reinforced polyaspartic ester polyurea (PAE) coatings. Integrating IPDI-assisted mechanical exfoliation with in situ polymerization ensures uniform dispersion and robust filler-matrix covalent bonding. Nanocomposite coatings with 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% B 4 C or m-B 4 C were prepared; the optimized 0.5 wt% m-B 4 C coating exhibits 27.8 MPa tensile strength, 350% elongation at break, and 37 kN/m tear strength. Notably, the impact strengths of coated aluminum alloy and epoxy substrates reach 461 and 64 kJ/m 2 , successfully overcoming the stiffness-ductility trade-off. Furthermore, the coatings demonstrate exceptional anti-corrosion capabilities, maintaining a high impedance modulus (6.3 × 10 6 Ω cm 2 ) after 14 days in NaCl solution and remarkable rust resistance during 100 h of salt spray testing. These findings elucidate the synergistic energy dissipation and physical barrier mechanism of the rigid-particle/flexible-matrix architecture, providing a pathway toward designing high-performance multifunctional lightweight protective coatings.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Jiali Kong,Yuanyuan Tu,Jiyong Wu,Shuyan Yan,Runkai Wang
Achieving high-strength, durable adhesion in extreme humid or submerged environments has long been a challenge in materials science. Traditional adhesives failed to meet the requirements for rapid wetting, strong interfacial locking, and long-term stability due to issues like hydration layer interference, hydrolysis instability, and curing difficulties. This study proposed a novel ternary design using polyphenol/IPDI-modified epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) to develop a polyphenol-based soybean oil adhesive modified by gallic acid, tea polyphenols, and tannic acid (GTSO), as well as its IPDI-introduced crosslinked derivative (GTSO-I), for underwater adhesion. This system offers environmentally friendly properties, strong interfacial compatibility, high adhesion strength, rapid curing, and long-term stability. The system incorporates three natural polyphenols—gallic acid (GA), tea polyphenols (TP), and tannic acid (TA)—to form synergistic hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and hydrophobic interactions at the underwater interface. These polyphenols enable a ring-opening reaction with the epoxy moiety of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), creating a chemical framework that provides strong adhesion to wet substrates. IPDI was then introduced to form a dense crosslinked network, enhancing curing speed and stability. Experimental results showed that GTSO-I achieved a shear strength of 4.50 MPa on steel substrates, surpassing most reported underwater adhesives. After 30 days of immersion, it retained over 93 % of its initial adhesion strength and maintained a shear strength of over 3.2 MPa across a broad pH range (1-13) and in 2.0 mol/L NaCl solution. The adhesive showed rapid curing underwater and was compatible with various substrates, demonstrating potential for applications in pipeline sealing, hull repair, and biomedicine.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
海洋工程材料
·
粘附力学
·
环境功能材料
·
可持续化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Smart Materials and Structures
·
2025
·Vol. 34
·期 9
·095019
·
IF 3.8
Shaojun Chen,Yonghang Zhang,Youhan Zeng,Yujie Deng,Haitao Zhuo,Haiqiang Zhong,Huaiping Zhang
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are one of the most typical intelligent materials. However, the precise regulation of the shape memory effect (SME) remains a critical challenge in the field. This study introduces a simple strategy for regulating the SME, employing crystalline thermoplastic polyurethane (CTPU) as the raw material and utilizing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) trimer to regulate both one-way SME (1W-SME) and two-way SME (2W-SME). Results showed that incorporation of IPDI-trimer induced a cross-linked network within CTPU. The tensile strength at break reached a maximum of 27.4 MPa, and the elongation at break remained relatively high (2484%) when the IPDI-trimer content was below 10wt%. The resulting cross-linked CTPU exhibited exceptional one-way shape memory performance, achieving a 99.9% recovery rate and 96.4% fixation rate. Notably, switchable 2W-SME emerged when IPDI-trimer concentrations exceeded 11wt%. This dual SME functionality, coupled with a 54.3% actuation magnitude, signified a significant advancement in SMPs capabilities. Systematic analysis reveals that shape memory activation originates from the synergistic effects of oriented crystalline domain melting and energy release within the cross-linked network under thermal stimuli. The precise control of 1W-SME and 2W-SME demonstrated in this study fundamentally arises from regulated crystallinity and cross-linking degree of CTPU. Owing to these enhanced integrated properties, these materials show great promise for diverse applications, particularly in smart sensors and intelligent robotics.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2023
·Vol. 33
·期 37
·2300412
·
IF 19
Dan Yang,Gongwei Tian,Cuiyuan Liang,Zixu Yang,Qinyi Zhao,Jianhui Chen,Cong Ma,Ying Jiang,Na An,Yan Liu,Dianpeng Qi
Developing neural electrodes with high stretchability and stable conductivity is a promising method to explore applications of them in biological medicine and electronic skin. However, considering the poor mechanical stretchability of typical conductive materials, maintaining the connection of electrode conductive paths under high stretching is still a challenge. Herein, for the first time, a double-microcrack coupling strategy for highly stretchable neural electrodes is proposed. Compared with single-layer stretchable microcrack electrodes, the design utilizes the complement between two gold microcrack films to contribute more conductive paths. It shows that the resistance change ( R / R 0 ) of the electrode under 100% strain is about 5.6 times, which is much lower than other electrodes and exhibits a high stretchability of ≈200%. Simultaneously, this design is an encapsulation-free design which avoids the electrode performance degradation caused by encapsulation. Furthermore, it is found that the adhesion strength between metal electrode and substrate is critical to the stretchability and stability of electrodes, so polydimethylsiloxane 0.9 -isophorone diisocyanate elastomer (PDMS 0.9 -IPDI), whose adhesion to gold electrode is 4.5 times higher than that of the commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is synthesized. Finally, the electrophysiological communication between different organisms by electrodes is successfully demonstrated.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
神经科学
·
电子皮肤
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 138
·期 41
·51214
·
IF 3.125
Yan Song,Kaifeng Chen,Jingjing Wang,Yuan Liu,Jingzhi Yang,Dawei Zhang,Tao Qi,Guo Liang Li
It is highly desirable to develop self-healing anticorrosion coatings with enhanced antibacterial function to prevent the scratched area to be fouled or corroded in harsh environments. Herein, we report antibacterial self-healing anticorrosion coatings via the simple incorporation of the easily synthesized single polymer microcapsule system. Well-defined polymer microcapsules containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a healing agent and 4,5-dichloro-2- n -octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) as antibacterial molecules were synthesized by one-pot polymerization. The diameter and core fraction were around 30 μm and 90%, respectively. The active DCOIT content in the core material could be precisely controlled by adjusting the DCOIT/IPDI feeding ratio. The DCOIT/IPDI microcapsules-embedded protective coating exhibits an adaptive self-healing anticorrosion property, as shown by electrochemical test under the condition of the salt-water immersion. Furthermore, the self-healing coating showed efficient antibacterial function against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which is due to the released active biocide molecules on the damaged surfaces. In contrast to other systems, this single capsule system without any catalyst is perspective for extending the service time of the antibacterial self-healing materials in harsh environment.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化工
·
腐蚀科学
·
高分子科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 5.091
Yingjie Ma,Zhike Li,Huaiyuan Wang,Haiyan Li
Polyurethane (PU) microcapsules containing [BMIm]PF 6 as a lubricant have been fabricated by interfacial polymerization. The stabilizing effect of 10 kinds of emulsifiers towards [BMIm]PF 6 ionic liquid have been delineated. A Pickering emulsion stabilized by lignin showed the best emulsification effect on highly viscous [BMIm]PF 6 . The types and reactivities of monomers have an important influence on the formation of microcapsules. Three kinds of isocyanate (IPDI, MDI, TDI) were reacted with diamines or diols to prepare the PU microcapsules in this work. The optiaml [BMIm]PF 6 @PU microcapsules were obtained when using IPDI and TETA as monomers , under conditions of 5,000 rpm emulsifying rate, 0.5 wt% concentration of lignin Pickering emulsion , and a 3:1 mass ratio of [BMIm]PF 6 /IPDI. The synthesized microcapsules have a regular and compact spherical structure, smooth outer, and inner surfaces with a mean diameter of 43 ± 15 µm, and a thickness of 3.8 µm. The core content of [BMIm]PF 6 @PU microcapsules was determined as >70%, and the initial decomposition temperature was 300 °C. The [BMIm]PF 6 ionic liquid shown excellent lubricating property, ultralow friction coefficient (decreased by 72.7%) and wear rate (decreased by 160 times) were obtained by embedding 30 wt% microcapsules into epoxy compared with pure epoxy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高分子化学
·
润滑技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2023
·
IF 6.6
Futao Sai,Haitao Zhang,Jianbo Qu,Jianyong Wang,Xiuzhong Zhu,Peng Ye,Zhiliang Zhang
Recently, the self-healing and recyclability of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has attracted significant research attention. Herein, different weight ratios of Diels-Alder (DA) diol and diacetyl oxime (DMG) were used as the reactive monomer with polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA). A series of thermal-driven self-healing and green recyclable waterborne polyurethane films (WPU-DMG x -DA y ) were prepared based on synergistic dynamic reactions of oxime-carbamate and DA bonds. We investigated the properties of WPU-DMG x -DA y emulsions by particle size and zeta potential tests, and the results show that these emulsions have excellent storage stability. The self-healing properties of WPU-DMG x -DA y films were identified by dynamic mechanical analysis . It was revealed that the WPU-DMG 4 -DA 4 film has the best self-healing capability, and the self-healing efficiency can reach 92. ± 0.1 % after self-healing at 120 °C for 4 h. The mechanism of the self-healing behavior was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , and the effective reversibility of the oxime-carbamate and DA bonds were verified. In addition, thermal gravimetric analysis and tensile test results showed that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the WPU-DMG x -DA y films were significantly improved. More importantly, the WPU-DMG 4 -DA 4 film can be dissolved in a mixed acetone/ethanol solvent at room temperature. The recycled polyurethane solution could be dispersed in water to obtain a WPU emulsion again. After being recycled three times, the recovery efficiency of the mechanical properties of the WPU-DMG 4 -DA 4 film was higher than 90.1 ± 0.1 %, and the recycled film maintained its thermal stability and self-healing behavior. Moreover, the synthetic leather obtained by compounding WPU-DMG 4 -DA 4 and non-woven fabrics could be easily recycled through this process. The basic properties of the recycled non-woven fabric remained unchanged and the recycled WPU-DMG 4 -DA 4 resin could be reused. Therefore, the WPU-DMG 4 -DA 4 resin has broad application prospects in the tanning industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
·
环境科学
·
可持续材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Shiyun Zhou,Tian Xia,Shuo Wu,Wanting Zhang,Jianhui Xu,Yi Yang,Youbing Li,Guangxian Li
Self-healing bitumen can significantly enhance the durability and service life of bituminous pavement, thereby reducing the need for frequent maintenance and repairs. In this study, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and isophorone diamine (IPDA) were utilized to design asymmetric dynamic hard segments, imparting self-healing properties to polyurethane even at room temperature. Particular emphasis was placed on hydrogen bonding, as its reversible formation serves as a primary mechanism for the self-healing characteristics of the material. During the synthesis of polyurethane (PU), two different composition ratios were employed to produce two types of PU with distinct chemical structures, molecular weights, and dynamic crosslink densities, which were characterized using NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DMA, respectively. Furthermore, these two PU types exhibited varying mechanical properties and glass transition temperatures, leading to differences in the rheological properties of the corresponding PU-modified bitumen. Dynamic frequency sweep test results indicated that bitumen modified with PU exhibiting higher molecular weight and narrower molecular weight distribution had superior rutting resistance and enhanced room-temperature self-healing capabilities. The underlying reasons for this improvement can be attributed to the hydrogen bonding present in the PU as well as the phase separation structure between the PU and bitumen.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
土木工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）