Electrochemically converting nitrate in wastewater as underleveraged nitrogen source into ammonia is a sustainable strategy for simultaneously valorizing wastewater and alleviating environmental contamination. However, it remains challenging for conversion of environmentally relevant nitrate in complex environments. Herein, a versatile IrCo alloy on N-doping carbon is presented with 93.3 % Faradaic efficiency and 21 mg h −1 mg cat −1 ammonia yield. Furthermore, we first achieve nearly complete nitrate removal (>99 %) under different pH conditions, from typical industrial wastewater concentrations (40 mM) to a drinking water standard (NO 3 – -N < 5 μg ml −1 ). Afterwards, high-value struvite (NH 4 MgPO 4 ·6H 2 O) products were obtained from the produced ammonia on a gram scale. DFT calculation reveals that optimized Co structure modulates the adsorption of intermediate *NH and facilitates further hydrogenation steps (*NH → *NH 2 ), whereas, limited on isolate Co sites due to weak H 2 O affinity and over-strong *H adsorption. The work gives effective insights into progressive ammonia production and environmental wastewater utilization.
Improving the utilization of Ir electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to significantly reduce their loading is essential for low-cost hydrogen production in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Herein, IrCo hollow nanospheres featuring a novel structure with ultrathin continuous shells which have only eleven atomic layers (2.26 nm) were synthesized by a facile sequential reduction route using NaBH4 as a reducing agent at room temperature. It is revealed that the key intermediate in the formation of hollow nanospheres is amorphous cobalt boride formed between Co2+ and NaHB4 in the first reducing step. The average diameter of the IrCo nanospheres was found to be 73.71 nm with the atomic ratio of 47.1% and 52.9% for Co and Ir, respectively. The IrCo hollow nanospheres exhibit highly efficient OER activity and long-term durability with a low overpotential of 284 mV at 10 mA cm−2 (32.5 μgIr cm−2) and a high mass activity of 8.49 A mg−1 (5.7 times higher than that of commercial IrO2 (1.49 A mg−1) at 1.7 V. The performance is also proved using an overall water splitting device with the overpotential of 318 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 as well as a 17 mV shift at 5 mA cm−2 after 14 h. This improvement is critically attributed to the advantages of the hollow structure, ultrathin continuous shells which are oxidized into IrOxin situ and strong lattice strain effects induced by the specific hollow structure and alloying Co into Ir crystal lattices (1.6% against metallic iridium). These characteristics endow the hollow nanospheres with great potential to minimize the Ir loading dramatically for practical applications, compared to other previously reported structures like nanoparticles, nanoneedles and nanowires.
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